学习自：哔哩哔哩 上 Python3 快速入门数据分析 洺宇吖
import numpy as np
import random
t1 = np.arange(12)
#t1.shape 一维数组是其个数；二维数组 shape两个值；三维列表则shape是三个值
t1
array([ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11])
#返回数组的维度，这里是一维数组，返回数据一个
t1.shape
(12,)
t2 = np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]])
t2
array([[1, 2, 3],
[4, 5, 6]])
#这里是二维数组
t2.shape
(2, 3)
#三维数组 ，可以几维数组就返回一个数字
t3 = np.array([[[1,2,3],[4,5,6]],[[7,8,9],[10,11,12]]])
t3
t3.shape
(2, 2, 3)
#改变数据维度
t3.reshape(3,4)
array([[ 1, 2, 3, 4],
[ 5, 6, 7, 8],
[ 9, 10, 11, 12]])
t5 = np.arange(24).reshape(2,3,4)
t5
array([[[ 0, 1, 2, 3],
[ 4, 5, 6, 7],
[ 8, 9, 10, 11]],
[[12, 13, 14, 15],
[16, 17, 18, 19],
[20, 21, 22, 23]]])
t5.reshape(4,6)
array([[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5],
[ 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11],
[12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17],
[18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23]])
#变成一维数组 4*6 = 24 ，统计元素的所有的个数
t5.reshape(24,)
array([ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16,
17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23])
#二维数组 24*1
t5.reshape(24,1)
array([[ 0],
[ 1],
[ 2],
[ 3],
[ 4],
[ 5],
[ 6],
[ 7],
[ 8],
[ 9],
[10],
[11],
[12],
[13],
[14],
[15],
[16],
[17],
[18],
[19],
[20],
[21],
[22],
[23]])
#二维数组 1*24
t5.reshape(1,24)
array([[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23]])
#查找元素的个数
tt5 = t5.reshape(4,6)
#tt5.shape
t6 = tt5.reshape((tt5.shape[0]*tt5.shape[1]),)
t6
array([ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16,
17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23])
#展开成一维数组
t5.flatten()
array([ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16,
17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23])
t5 = t5.reshape(4,6)
t5
array([[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5],
[ 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11],
[12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17],
[18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23]])
#数组与数字计算，应用于数组中每个数字都计算，广播机制
t5+2
array([[ 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7],
[ 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13],
[14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19],
[20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25]])
t5*2
array([[ 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10],
[12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22],
[24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34],
[36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46]])
# 0/0 nan 不是一个数字; number/0 = inf 无穷
t5/0
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/ipykernel_launcher.py:1: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in true_divide
"""Entry point for launching an IPython kernel.
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/ipykernel_launcher.py:1: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in true_divide
"""Entry point for launching an IPython kernel.
array([[nan, inf, inf, inf, inf, inf],
[inf, inf, inf, inf, inf, inf],
[inf, inf, inf, inf, inf, inf],
[inf, inf, inf, inf, inf, inf]])
t5.shape
(4, 6)
t6 = np.arange(100,124).reshape(4,6)
t
t5+t6
array([[100, 102, 104, 106, 108, 110],
[112, 114, 116, 118, 120, 122],
[124, 126, 128, 130, 132, 134],
[136, 138, 140, 142, 144, 146]])
t7=np.arange(0,6)
t7
array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
t5-t7
array([[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6],
[12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12],
[18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18]])
t8 = np.arange(4).reshape(4,1)
t8
array([[0],
[1],
[2],
[3]])
t5
array([[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5],
[ 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11],
[12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17],
[18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23]])
t5-t8
array([[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5],
[ 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10],
[10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15],
[15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]])
#numpy 创建数组 ndarray 类型
a = np.array([1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9])
a,a.shape,type(a)
(array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]), (9,), numpy.ndarray)
a2 = np.arange(10)
a3 = np.array(np.arange(4,10,2)) # start end step
a2,a3,a2.dtype #dtype 为数组里面数据的类型，不指定是根据电脑位数
(array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]), array([4, 6, 8]), dtype('int64'))
a4 = np.array(range(1,4),dtype=float)#制定数据类型
a4 ,a4.dtype
(array([1., 2., 3.]), dtype('float64'))
a5 = np.array([1,1,0,0,1,0], dtype=bool)
a5 , a5.dtype
(array([ True, True, False, False, True, False]), dtype('bool'))
#修改其中的数据类型
a6 = a5.astype('int8')
a6, a6.dtype
(array([1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0], dtype=int8), dtype('int8'))
a7 = np.array([random.random() for i in range(10)])
a7
array([0.74051059, 0.54355674, 0.71288582, 0.14214711, 0.57256945,
0.22807275, 0.31526748, 0.24873185, 0.55322492, 0.94061721])
#取小数固定位数,四舍五入
a8 = np.round(a7,2)
a8,round(0.28932,3)
(array([0.74, 0.54, 0.71, 0.14, 0.57, 0.23, 0.32, 0.25, 0.55, 0.94]), 0.289)
#axis 块 行 列 顺序对应 0 1 2
a9 = np.arange(20).reshape(4,5)#行数从0开始
a9
array([[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4],
[ 5, 6, 7, 8, 9],
[10, 11, 12, 13, 14],
[15, 16, 17, 18, 19]])
a9[2]# 一行 ndarray
array([10, 11, 12, 13, 14])
a9[2:] #多行数组#
a9[[0,2],:] #取单行 1行，3行
array([[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4],
[10, 11, 12, 13, 14]])
# 都好前 行，后面列
a9[1,0:3],a9[1,:]
(array([5, 6, 7]), array([5, 6, 7, 8, 9]))
#取列
a9[:,0]
array([ 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180])
#取连续多列
a9[:,2:]
array([[ 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
15, 16, 17, 18, 19],
[ 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34,
35, 36, 37, 38, 39],
[ 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54,
55, 56, 57, 58, 59],
[ 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74,
75, 76, 77, 78, 79],
[ 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94,
95, 96, 97, 98, 99],
[102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114,
115, 116, 117, 118, 119],
[122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134,
135, 136, 137, 138, 139],
[142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154,
155, 156, 157, 158, 159],
[162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174,
175, 176, 177, 178, 179],
[182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194,
195, 196, 197, 198, 199]])
#取第三行，第四列
ab = a9[2,3]
ab ,ab.dtype
(43, dtype('int64'))
#取多行，多列
#取第三行到第五行，第二列至第四列 取的是交叉点
a9[2:4,1:3]
array([[41, 42],
[61, 62]])
#取多个不相邻的点 取 0，0 2,1 点的值
c = a9[[0,2],[0,1]]
c
array([ 0, 41])
#小于10的值赋值为3 ,为 true的位置赋值 bool 索引
a9[a9<10]=3
a9
array([[ 3, 3, 3, 3, 3],
[ 3, 3, 3, 3, 3],
[10, 11, 12, 13, 14],
[15, 16, 17, 18, 19]])
a10 = np.arange(20).reshape(4,5)
a10
array([[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4],
[ 5, 6, 7, 8, 9],
[10, 11, 12, 13, 14],
[15, 16, 17, 18, 19]])
#numpy 的三元运算符 t<10 0, 否则10
np.where(a10<10,0,10)
a10 #不变
array([[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4],
[ 5, 6, 7, 8, 9],
[10, 11, 12, 13, 14],
[15, 16, 17, 18, 19]])
#clip 裁剪 小的替换为小数，大的替换为大数
a10.clip(5,15)
array([[ 5, 5, 5, 5, 5],
[ 5, 6, 7, 8, 9],
[10, 11, 12, 13, 14],
[15, 15, 15, 15, 15]])
a10 = a10.astype(np.float64)
a10.dtype
a10[3,4] = np.nan #nan 是浮点型
a10
array([[ 0., 1., 2., 3., 4.],
[ 5., 6., 7., 8., 9.],
[10., 11., 12., 13., 14.],
[15., 16., 17., 18., nan]])
#数组拼接 数值拼接 vstack hstack
t1 = np.arange(10).reshape(2,5)
t2 = np.arange(10,20,1).reshape(2,5)
t1,t2
np.vstack((t1,t2)) #在最后一行的下一行开始添加 垂直 意思跟效果相反
array([[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4],
[ 5, 6, 7, 8, 9],
[10, 11, 12, 13, 14],
[15, 16, 17, 18, 19]])
np.hstack((t1,t2)) #在每组数据后面添加 水平 意思跟效果相反
array([[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14],
[ 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]])
#数组行列交换
t1[[1,0],:] = t1[[0,1],:]
t1
array([[5, 6, 7, 8, 9],
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]])
#构造全0 全1 对角线为1数组
a12 = np.zeros((3,5))
a13 = np.ones((3,5))
a14 = np.eye(3)
a12
a13
a14
array([[1., 0., 0.],
[0., 1., 0.],
[0., 0., 1.]])
#numpy.linspace(start, stop, num=50, endpoint=True, retstep=False, dtype=None)[source]
np.linspace(0,10,50)
array([ 0. , 0.20408163, 0.40816327, 0.6122449 , 0.81632653,
1.02040816, 1.2244898 , 1.42857143, 1.63265306, 1.83673469,
2.04081633, 2.24489796, 2.44897959, 2.65306122, 2.85714286,
3.06122449, 3.26530612, 3.46938776, 3.67346939, 3.87755102,
4.08163265, 4.28571429, 4.48979592, 4.69387755, 4.89795918,
5.10204082, 5.30612245, 5.51020408, 5.71428571, 5.91836735,
6.12244898, 6.32653061, 6.53061224, 6.73469388, 6.93877551,
7.14285714, 7.34693878, 7.55102041, 7.75510204, 7.95918367,
8.16326531, 8.36734694, 8.57142857, 8.7755102 , 8.97959184,
9.18367347, 9.3877551 , 9.59183673, 9.79591837, 10. ])
#获取最大值 最小值
t1 = np.arange(10).reshape(2,5)
np.argmax(t1,axis=0) #列
#np.argmin(t1,axis=1) #行
array([1, 1, 1, 1, 1])
#随机数
#np.random.rand np.random.randn 标准正态分布 .randint .uniform 均匀分布 .normal从正态分布中随机取样 seed 随机数种子
np.random.randint(10,20,(4,5)) #范围 [10-20) 数组维度 （4,5）
array([[18, 12, 15, 13, 10],
[18, 17, 12, 15, 18],
[15, 18, 15, 14, 10],
[10, 15, 12, 15, 12]])
np.random.uniform(2,10,(3,4))
array([[5.9807993 , 8.70762938, 4.3888976 , 8.07379709],
[4.49501347, 2.66463837, 6.35263396, 6.65691726],
[2.23461468, 2.76954826, 8.70847978, 9.1583151 ]])
np.random.seed(10) #加种子之后，每次随机数都是相同的
t = np.random.randint(0,20,(3,4))
t
array([[ 9, 4, 15, 0],
[17, 16, 17, 8],
[ 9, 0, 10, 8]])
#copy 视图 view 复制
# a=b 全拷贝，修改任何一个另外一个也被修改 a=b[:]
# a = b.copy 互不影响 复制
#nan 1. 0/0 2. float 类型，数据有缺失则会为NAN 3. 无穷大-无穷大为NAN
#INF -inf ,3/0 python 中报错， numpy中 是 inf -inf
np.nan == np.nan
False
np.nan != np.nan
True
t2 = t2.astype(np.float64) #注意这里修改后要重新赋值给t2
t2[:,0]=np.nan
np.count_nonzero(t2) #统计nan的个数
t2
array([[nan, 11., 12., 13., 14.],
[nan, 16., 17., 18., 19.]])
np.count_nonzero(t2!=t2) #统计其中有nan的结果
2
np.isnan(t2),t2[np.isnan(t2)]
(array([[ True, False, False, False, False],
[ True, False, False, False, False]]), array([nan, nan]))
t1,np.sum(t1),np.sum(t1,axis=0),np.sum(t1,axis=1)
(array([[0, 1, 2, 3, 4],
[5, 6, 7, 8, 9]]), 45, array([ 5, 7, 9, 11, 13]), array([10, 35]))
#求和 np .sum mean median max min ptp 极值 std
ttt1 = np.arange(16).reshape(4,4)
ttt1
array([[ 0, 1, 2, 3],
[ 4, 5, 6, 7],
[ 8, 9, 10, 11],
[12, 13, 14, 15]])
np.sum(ttt1) #不加axis时是计算的所有的
120
np.mean(ttt1) ,np.median(ttt1) , np.max(ttt1) ,np.min(ttt1) ,np.ptp(ttt1) , np.std(ttt1)
(7.5, 7.5, 15, 0, 15, 4.6097722286464435)
np.sum(ttt1,axis =0)# 列求和
array([24, 28, 32, 36])
np.sum(ttt1,axis = 1) # 行求和
array([ 6, 22, 38, 54])
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