树莓派4 安装 UbuntuServer20.04.1X64 位系统
01 准备资源
- 下载系统
https://ubuntu.com/download/raspberry-pi
Ubuntu Server 20.04.1 LTS
选择树莓派4 的 64bit
版本
https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/releases/20.04.1/release/ubuntu-20.04.1-preinstalled-server-arm64+raspi.img.xz
- 下载烧录工具
从 https://www.raspberrypi.org/software/ 下载烧录软件 imager_1.5 。操作系统也可以在这个工具上面下载。
- 烧录系统
- 安装系统
把烧录好的tf卡插入树莓派4 tf卡槽内,网线连接路由。加电启动。
02 系统初始化
# 查看树莓派4的ip地址
arp -a | findstr dc-a6-32
# 192.168.31.229 dc-a6-32-e1-6b-7f 动态
# 或者从路由器上面查看树莓派的ip地址
# 用终端连接查到的ip,并且修改ubuntu的密码,初始化账号密码都是ubuntu
# 修改密码后,用新密码重新连接终端
# 查看系统信息
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ uname -a
Linux ubuntu 5.4.0-1015-raspi #15-Ubuntu SMP Fri Jul 10 05:34:24 UTC 2020 aarch64 aarch64 aarch64 GNU/Linux
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS
Release: 20.04
Codename: focal
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor : 0
BogoMIPS : 108.00
Features : fp asimd evtstrm crc32 cpuid
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 8
CPU variant : 0x0
CPU part : 0xd08
CPU revision : 3
processor : 1
BogoMIPS : 108.00
Features : fp asimd evtstrm crc32 cpuid
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 8
CPU variant : 0x0
CPU part : 0xd08
CPU revision : 3
processor : 2
BogoMIPS : 108.00
Features : fp asimd evtstrm crc32 cpuid
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 8
CPU variant : 0x0
CPU part : 0xd08
CPU revision : 3
processor : 3
BogoMIPS : 108.00
Features : fp asimd evtstrm crc32 cpuid
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 8
CPU variant : 0x0
CPU part : 0xd08
CPU revision : 3
Hardware : BCM2835
Revision : d03114
Serial : 100000007deba538
Model : Raspberry Pi 4 Model B Rev 1.4
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ lscpu
Architecture: aarch64
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order: Little Endian
CPU(s): 4
On-line CPU(s) list: 0-3
Thread(s) per core: 1
Core(s) per socket: 4
Socket(s): 1
Vendor ID: ARM
Model: 3
Model name: Cortex-A72
Stepping: r0p3
CPU max MHz: 1500.0000
CPU min MHz: 600.0000
BogoMIPS: 108.00
Vulnerability Itlb multihit: Not affected
Vulnerability L1tf: Not affected
Vulnerability Mds: Not affected
Vulnerability Meltdown: Not affected
Vulnerability Spec store bypass: Vulnerable
Vulnerability Spectre v1: Mitigation; __user pointer sanitization
Vulnerability Spectre v2: Vulnerable
Vulnerability Srbds: Not affected
Vulnerability Tsx async abort: Not affected
Flags: fp asimd evtstrm crc32 cpuid
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$
03 安装必要软件包
# 更新 更新源地址
# 阿里地址:https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports
# 中国科技大学地址:http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports
# sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup
# sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
# 将里面的http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports 全部替换成 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports 或者 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports
# 安装必要软件
sudo apt install -y cmake network-manager wireless-tools net-tools aptitude libtool libtool-bin zlib1g-dev libncurses5-dev
# 更新已安装的软件包
sudo apt -y upgrade
# 安装gcc开发工具
sudo apt install -y build-essential manpages-dev
sudo apt install -y software-properties-common
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
sudo apt install gcc-7 g++-7 gcc-8 g++-8 gcc-9 g++-9 gcc-10 g++-10
# 设置c++编译器不同版本的优先级,70,80,90,100 为优先级,数字最大者被启用
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-10 100 --slave /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-10
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-9 90 --slave /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-9
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-8 80 --slave /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-8
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-7 70 --slave /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-7
# 手动切换编译器版本
sudo update-alternatives --config gcc
04 配置jdk
# 安装jdk1.8
sudo apt install openjdk-8-jdk
# 配置环境变量
sudo vim /etc/profile
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-arm64
export JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre
export CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JRE_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/ext
export PATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin:$PATH
05 配置无线网络
# 查看状态
nmcli d
# 查看可用wifi
sudo nmcli dev wifi
# 设置wifi账号,密码(注意大小写及权限)
sudo nmcli dev wifi connect "wifi名" password "密码"
############################################
# 设置开机自动连接无线网络
sudo nmcli con mod "wifi名" connection.autoconnect yes
############################################
# 查看状态
nmcli d
# 查看无线网卡ip地址
ip addr show wlan0
# 配置静态ip地址
#配置无线网卡静态ip
nmcli con mod SSID ipv4.addresses 192.168.0.105/24
nmcli con mod SSID ipv4.gateway 192.168.0.1
nmcli con mod SSID ipv4.method manual
nmcli con mod SSID ipv4.dns "8.8.8.8"
nmcli con up SSID
# 查看无线网卡ip地址
ip addr show wlan0
06 安装桌面及配置远程桌面连接服务
# 安装ubuntu桌面Gnome类型
sudo apt install -y ubuntu-desktop
## 安装ubuntu桌面Xface类型
## 参考 https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/how-to-install-ubuntu-on-your-raspberry-pi#5-install-a-desktop
#sudo apt install xubuntu-desktop
#sudo apt install lubuntu-desktop
# 安装远程桌面服务
sudo apt install -y xrdp
# 将远程桌面服务xrdp添加到ssl-cert组
sudo adduser xrdp ssl-cert
# 重启xrdp服务
sudo systemctl restart xrdp
# 在防火墙中添加远程访问限制
sudo ufw allow from 192.168.31.0/24 to any port 3389
## 允许任何ip地址访问
#sudo ufw allow 3389
# 使用mstsc远程连接