高数 06.03 积分习题课03测试题

模拟测试题
(一)单选题
$1.下列函数中,是同一个函数的原函数的是(\ \ {\color{blue}{C} }\ \ )$
$A.\dfrac{1}{2}\sin^2{x}与\dfrac{1}{4}\cos{2x}; \quad B.\ln|x|与2\ln{x}; \\ C.\dfrac{1}{2}\sin^2{x}与-\dfrac{1}{4}\cos{2x}; \quad D.tan^2{\frac{x}{2}}与csc^2{\frac{x}{2}}$
$解:\\导数相等\\ A.(\dfrac{1}{2}\sin^2{x})^{\prime} = \sin{x}\cos{x} \\ (\dfrac{1}{4}\cos{2x})^{\prime} = -\dfrac{1}{2}\sin{2x} = -\sin{x}\cos{x} \\ 选择C$

$2.在积分曲线族\int{x \sqrt{x} dx}中,过点(0, 1)的积分曲线方程为(\ \ {\color{blue}{B} }\ \ )$
$A.2\sqrt{x} + 1; \quad B.\dfrac{2}{5}(\sqrt{x})^5 + 1; \\ C.2\sqrt{x}; \quad D.\dfrac{5}{2}(\sqrt{x})^5 + C$
$解:\\ \int{x \sqrt{x} dx} \\ = \dfrac{2}{5}(\sqrt{x})^5 + C\\ x = 0, C = 1;选B$

$3.设\int_0^x{f(x)dx} = x\sin{x}, 则f(x) = (\ \ {\color{blue}{A} }\ \ )$
$A.\sin{x} + x\cos{x}; \quad B.\sin{x} - x\cos{x}; \\ C.x\cos{x} -\sin{x}; \quad D.-(\sin{x} + x\cos{x})$
$解:\\ f(x) = (x\sin{x})^{\prime} = \sin{x} + x\cos{x}$

$4. 极限\lim_{x \rightarrow 0}{\dfrac{\int_0^x{\sin{t^2}dt}}{x^3}} = (\ \ {\color{blue}{B} }\ \ )$
$A.\dfrac{1}{4}; \quad B.\dfrac{1}{3}; \quad C.\dfrac{1}{2}; \quad D.1$
$解:\\ \lim_{x \rightarrow 0}{\dfrac{\int_0^x{\sin{t^2}dt}}{x^3}} \\ = \lim_{x \rightarrow 0}{\dfrac{\sin{x^2}}{3x^2}} \\ = \dfrac{1}{3}$

$5.设I_1 = \int_0^{\frac{\pi}{4}}{x dx}, I_2 = \int_0^{\frac{\pi}{4}}{\sqrt{x} dx}, I_3 = \int_0^{\frac{\pi}{4}}{\sin^2{x} dx},\\ 则I_1, I_2, I_3的大小关系为 (\ \ {\color{blue}{B} }\ \ )$
$A.I_1 > I_2 > I_3; \quad B.I_2 > I_1 > I_3; \\ C.I_3 > I_1 > I_2; \quad D.I_1 > I_3 > I_2$
$解:\\ \because x \in [0, \frac{\pi}{4}],\sqrt{x} > x > \sin{x} > \sin^2{x} \\ \therefore I_2 > I_1 > I_3,选B$

(二)填空题
$1.积分\int{x\ln(1 + x^2) dx} = (\ \ {\color{blue}{\dfrac{(1 + x^2)}{2}\ln(1 + x^2) - \dfrac{x^2}{2} +C} }\ \ )$
$解:\\ \int{x\ln(1 + x^2) dx} \\ = \dfrac{1}{2} \int{\ln(1 + x^2) d(1 + x^2)} \\ =\dfrac{(1 + x^2)}{2}\ln(1 + x^2) - \dfrac{1}{2} \int{(1 + x^2) d\ln(1 + x^2)} \\ =\dfrac{(1 + x^2)}{2}\ln(1 + x^2) - \dfrac{1}{2} \int{(1 + x^2) \dfrac{1}{1 + x^2} d(1 + x^2)} \\ =\dfrac{(1 + x^2)}{2}\ln(1 + x^2) - \dfrac{1 + x^2}{2} +C_1 \\ =\dfrac{(1 + x^2)}{2}\ln(1 + x^2) - \dfrac{x^2}{2} +C$

$2.比较定积分的大小,有\int_3^4{\ln{x} dx} (\ \ {\color{blue}{ < } }\ \ ) \int_3^4{(\ln{x})^3 dx}$
$解:\\ \because ln{4} > ln{3} > \ln{e} = 1\\ \therefore \ln{x} < (\ln{x})^3 \\ 即 \int_3^4{\ln{x} dx} < \int_3^4{(\ln{x})^3 dx}$

$3.积分\int_{-\frac{1}{2}}^0{(2x + 1)^{99}dx} = (\ \ {\color{blue}{\dfrac{1}{200}} }\ \ )$
$解:\\ \int_{-\frac{1}{2}}^0{(2x + 1)^{99}dx} \\ =\dfrac{1}{2} \int_{-\frac{1}{2}}^0{(2x + 1)^{99}d(2x + 1)} \\ =\dfrac{1}{200} \int_{-\frac{1}{2}}^0{d(2x + 1)^{100}} \\ = \dfrac{1}{200}[(2x + 1)^{100}]_{-\frac{1}{2}}^0 \\ = \dfrac{1}{200}$

$4.设f(x)为连续函数,则\int{f^2(x)df(x)} = (\ \ {\color{blue}{\dfrac{1}{3}f^3(x) + C} }\ \ )$
$解:\\ \int{f^2(x)df(x)} = \dfrac{1}{3}\int{df^3(x)} = \dfrac{1}{3}f^3(x) + C$

$5.已知f(x) = \int_0^x{\dfrac{dt}{(1 + t^3)}},则f^{\prime}(1) = (\ \ {\color{blue}{\dfrac{1}{2}} }\ \ )$
$解:\\ f^{\prime}(x) = (\int_0^x{\dfrac{dt}{(1 + t^3)}})^{\prime} \\ = \dfrac{1}{1 + x^3} \\ f^{\prime}(1) = \dfrac{1}{1 + 1^3} = \dfrac{1}{2}$

(三)解答题
$1.计算\int{\dfrac{1}{1 + e^x} dx}$
$解:\\ \int{\dfrac{1}{1 + e^x} dx} \\ = \int{\dfrac{(1 + e^x) - e^x}{1 + e^x} dx} \\ = \int{dx} - \int{\dfrac{e^x}{1 + e^x} dx} \\ = x - \int{\dfrac{d(1 +e^x)}{1 + e^x}} \\ = x - \ln{(1 + e^x)} + C \\ 解法2:\\ \int{\dfrac{1}{1 + e^x} dx} \\ = \int{\dfrac{e^x}{e^x(1 + e^x)} dx} \\ = \int{(\dfrac{1}{e^x} - \dfrac{1}{1 + e^x})de^x} \\ = \int{\dfrac{de^x}{e^x}} - \int{\dfrac{d(1 + e^x)}{1 + e^x}} \\ = \ln{e^x} - \ln{(1 + e^x)} + C \\ = x - \ln{(1 + e^x)} + C$

$2.计算\int_0^{\ln{2}}{xe^{-x} dx}$
$解:\\ \int_0^{\ln{2}}{xe^{-x} dx} \\ = \int_0^{\ln{2}}{x d(-e^{-x})} \\ = [-xe^{-x}]_0^{\ln{2}} - \int_0^{\ln{2}}{(-e^{-x}) dx} \\ = -\dfrac{\ln{2}}{2} - \int_0^{\ln{2}}{ d(e^{-x})} \\ = -\dfrac{\ln{2}}{2} - [e^{-x}]_0^{\ln{2}} \\ = \dfrac{1 -\ln{2}}{2}$

$3.求极限\lim_{x \rightarrow 0}{\dfrac{\int_0^x{e^{x^2}dx}}{\int_0^x{e^{2x^2}dx}}}$
$解:\\ \lim_{x \rightarrow 0}{\dfrac{\int_0^x{e^{x^2}dx}}{\int_0^x{e^{2x^2}dx}}} \\ = \lim_{x \rightarrow 0}{\dfrac{(\int_0^x{e^{x^2}dx})^{\prime}}{(\int_0^x{e^{2x^2}dx})^{\prime}}} \\ = \lim_{x \rightarrow 0}{\dfrac{e^{x^2}}{e^{2x^2}}} \\ = \lim_{x \rightarrow 0}{\dfrac{1}{e^{x^2}}} \\ = 1$

$4.已知xe^x为f(x)的一个原函数,求\int_0^1{xf^{\prime}(x)dx}$
$解:\\ f(x) = (xe^x)^{\prime} = (x + 1)e^x \\ \int_0^1{xf^{\prime}(x)dx} \\ = \int_0^1{xdf(x)} \\ =[xf(x)]_0^1 - \int_0^1{f(x)dx} \\ =[x(x+1)e^x]_0^1 - [xe^x]_0^1 \\ = e$

$5.求由曲线y =2 - x^2, y = x,(x > 0)与直线x = 0\\ 所围成的平面图形绕x轴旋转一周所成的旋转体体积.$
$解:\\ 交点(0, 2), (1, 1)\\ V = \int_0^1{\pi (2 -x^2)^2 dx} - \int_0^1{\pi x^2 dx} \\ = \pi [4x - \dfrac{4}{3}x^3 + \dfrac{1}{5}x^5]_0^1 - \pi [\dfrac{1}{3}x^3]_0^1 \\ = \dfrac{38 \pi}{15}$