数学物理方法 15 贝塞尔函数01

$\color{blue}{第十五章 贝塞尔函数}$

$问题引入：$
$由分离变量法有:$
$\left. \begin{array}{r}\Delta u + \lambda u = 0 \\ \Delta u = 0 \end{array} \right \rbrace \stackrel{令u = R(r)\Phi(\varphi)Z(z)}{----\to}$
$\Phi^{\prime \prime} + n^2\Phi = 0 \to \Phi_n(\varphi) = A_n\cos n\varphi + B_n \sin n \varphi$
$Z^{\prime \prime} + \mu Z = 0 \to Z(z) = c_1e^{kz} + d_2 e^{-kz} (\mu = -k^2)$
$\rho^2 R^{\prime \prime} + \rho R^{\prime} + (k^2 \rho^2 - n^2) R = 0 \to R(\rho) = ?$
$x = k\rho, R(\rho) = y(x), k^2 = \lambda - \mu \geq 0$
$x^2 y^{\prime \prime}(x) + xy^{\prime}(x) + (x^2 - n^2) y(x) = 0 \to y(x) \to ?$

$\color{blue}{\S 15.1 Bessel函数}$

$附：二阶线性常微分方程的级数解法2$
$对于:W^{\prime \prime}(z) + p(z)W^{\prime}(z) + q(z)W(z) = 0 \quad (*)$
$若z_0是它的奇点,即在z_0点其系数p(z)和q(z)之一或均不解析,且z_0是p(z)不高于一阶\\ 的极点、q(z)不高于二阶的极点,则称z_0是方程的正则奇点。$
$在正则奇点z=z_0的邻域0 < |z-z_0| < R内,方程至少有形式为$
$W(z) = (z-z_0)^{\rho} \sum \limits_{k=0}^{\infty} C_k(z-z_0)^k \quad (**)$
$的幂级数解.将形式解(**)代入方程(*)中通过比较方程两边最低次幂的系数,便可得到$
$一关于\rho的二次方程,称为指标方程。由此方程可求得两个指标：\rho_1,\rho_2(设\rho_1 > \rho_2),$
$那么，方程$
$W^{\prime \prime}(z) + p(z)W^{\prime}(z) + q(z)W(z) = 0 \quad (*)$
$的两线性无关的根为:$
$W_1(z) = (z-z_0)^{\rho_1} \sum \limits_{k=0}^{\infty} c_k(z-z_0)^k$
$W_2(z) = \left \lbrace \begin{array}{l}(z-z_0)^{\rho_2} \sum \limits_{k=0}^{\infty}d_k(z-z_0)^k, \rho_1 - \rho_2 \neq 整数 \\ aw_1(z) \ln(z-z_0) + (z-z_0)^{\rho_2} \sum \limits_{k=0}^{\infty} d_k^{\prime}(z-z_0)^k, \rho_1 - \rho_2 = 整数 \end{array} \right.$

$\color{blue}{15.1.1 Bessel方程的级数解}$

$x^2 y^{\prime \prime}(x) + xy^{\prime}(x) + (x^2 - v^2) y(x) = 0 \quad (1) \to y(x) = ?$
$p(x) = \dfrac{1}{x}, q(x) = 1 - (\dfrac{v}{x})^2 \quad x = 0 - 方程的正则奇点.$
$1.令y = \sum _{k=0}^{\infty} c_kx^{k+\rho}, 则$
$y^{\prime} = \sum \limits_{k=0}^{\infty} c_k(k+\rho)x^{k+\rho-1}, y^{\prime \prime} = \sum \limits_{k=0}^{\infty} c_k(k+\rho)(k+\rho-1)x^{k+\rho-2}$
$(1) \to \sum \limits_{k=0}^{\infty}[(k+\rho)^2 - v^2]c_kx^{k+\rho} + \sum \limits_{k=0}^{\infty} c_kx^{k+\rho+2} = 0 \quad (2)$

$2.比较最低次幂x^{\rho}的系数:$
$(\rho^2 - v^2)c_0 = 0 (c_0 \neq 0)$
$\to 判定方程:\rho^2 - v^2 = 0 \to \rho_1 = v, \rho_2 = -v(设v > 0)$

$3.令y_1 = \sum \limits_{k=0}^{\infty} c_kx^{k+\rho_1} = \sum \limits_{k=0}^{\infty} c_kx^{k+v}$
$(1) \to \sum \limits_{k=0}^{\infty}[(k+v)^2 - v^2]c_kx^{k+v} +\sum \limits_{k=0}^{\infty} c_kx^{k+v+2} = 0$
$x^v:(v^2 - v^2)c_0 = 0 (设c_0 \neq 0)$
$x^{v+1}:[(v+1)^2 - v^2]c_1 = 0 \to c_1 = 0$
$x^{v+k}:[(v+k)^2 - v^2]c_k + c_{k-2} = 0 \to c_k = -\dfrac{c_{k-2}}{k(2v+k)} (3)$
$c_2 = -\dfrac{c_0}{2 \cdot 2(v+1)}, c_3 = -\dfrac{c_1}{3 \cdot(3 + 2v)} = 0$
$c_4 = (-1)^2 \dfrac{c_0}{2^4 \cdot 2(v+2)(v+1)}, c_5 = 0$
$c_{2n} = \dfrac{(-1)^nc_0}{2^{2n} n! (v+n)(v+n-1)\cdots(v+1)}, c_{2n+1} = 0$
$\to c_{2n} = \dfrac{(-1)^nc_0\Gamma(v+1)}{2^{2n} n! \Gamma(v+n+1)} \to y_1(x) = \sum \limits_{n=0}^{\infty} \dfrac{(-1)^nc_0 \Gamma(v+1)}{2^{2n} n! \Gamma(v+n+1)}x^{2n+v}$

$4.取\rho = \rho_2 = -v, 类似可得$
$\to y_2(x) = \sum \limits_{n=0}^{\infty} \dfrac{(-1)^nc_0 \Gamma(-v+1)}{2^{2n} n! \Gamma(-v+n+1)} x^{2n-v}$

$\color{blue}{15.1.2 解的敛散性}$

$1.解的奇点少于或等于方程的奇点$
$W^{\prime \prime}(z) + p(z)W^{\prime}(z) + q(z)W(z) = 0 \quad (*)$
$2.贝塞尔方程的奇点为:0, \infty$
$x^2 y^{\prime \prime}(x) + xy^{\prime}(x) + (x^2 - v^2) y(x) = 0 \quad (1)$
$令x = \dfrac{1}{t}$
$t^2y^{\prime \prime}(t) + ty^{\prime}(t) + (\dfrac{1}{t^2} - v^2) y(t) = 0 \quad (1)$
$3.y_1(x),y_2(x)均在0 < |x| < \infty中收敛.$
$y_1(x)在|x| < \infty中收敛,而y_2(x)当x \to 0时发散.$

$\color{blue}{15.1.3 贝塞尔函数}$

$1.定义:在y_1(x)中,取c_0 = \dfrac{1}{2^v \Gamma(v+1)},并记 y_1(x) = J_v(x)$
$-称之为v阶贝塞尔函数.$

$y_1(x) = J_v(x) = \sum \limits_{k=0}^{\infty}\dfrac{(-1)^k}{k! \Gamma(v+k+1)}(\dfrac{x}{2})^{2k+v} \quad (4)$
$在y_2(x)中，取c_0 = \dfrac{1}{2^{-v} \Gamma(-v+1)},并记 y_2(x) = J_{-v}(x)$
$y_2(x) = J_{-v}(x) = \sum _{k=0}^{\infty} \dfrac{(-1)^k}{k! \Gamma(-v+k+1)}(\dfrac{x}{2})^{2k-v} \quad (5)$

$2.线性相关性$
$(1)当v \neq n时,J_v(x)与J_{-v}(x)是线性无关的.$
$x \to 0:J_v(x) \approx \dfrac{1}{\Gamma(v+1)}(\dfrac{x}{2})^v, J_{-v}(x) \approx \dfrac{1}{\Gamma(-v+1)}(\dfrac{x}{2})^{-v}$
$\dfrac{J_v(x)}{J_{-v}(x)} \approx \dfrac{\Gamma(-v+1)}{\Gamma(v+1)}(\dfrac{x}{2})^{2v} -随x的值而变.$
$通解:y_c(x) = c_vJ_v(x) + d_vJ_{-v}(x)$
$(2)当v = n时,J_{-n}(x) = (-1)^nJ_n(x) \quad (6)$
$J_n(-x) = (-1)^nJ_n(x) = J_{-n}(x)$

$\color{blue}{15.1.4 本征值问题}$

$\left \lbrace \begin{array}{l}\rho^2R^{\prime \prime}(\rho) +\rho R^{\prime}(\rho) +(k^2\rho^2 - n^2) R(\rho) = 0 \quad (7) \\ [\alpha R(\rho) +\beta R^{\prime}(\rho)]_{\rho = a} = 0 \quad (8) \end{array} \right.$
$1.\left \lbrace \begin{array}{l}\rho^2 R^{\prime \prime}(\rho) +\rho R^{\prime}(\rho) + (k^2\rho^2 - n^2)R(\rho) = 0 \quad (9) \\ R(a) = 0 \quad (10) \end{array} \right.$
$即:\left \lbrace \begin{array}{l}x^2y^{\prime \prime} +xy^{\prime} + (x^2 - n^2)y = 0 \quad (9)^{\prime} \\ y|_{x = ka} = 0 \quad (10)^{\prime} \end{array} \right.$
$(1)J_n(x)是一振荡函数.$
$J_0(x) = \sum \limits_{k=0}^{\infty} \dfrac{(-1)^k}{(k!)^2} (\dfrac{x}{2})^{2k} = 1 - (\dfrac{x}{2})^2 +\dfrac{1}{2!}^2(\dfrac{x}{2})^4 - \cdots$
$J_1(x) = \sum \limits_{k=0}^{\infty} \dfrac{(-1)^k}{k!(k+1)!}(\dfrac{x}{2})^{2k+1} = \dfrac{x}{2} - \dfrac{1}{1! 2!}(\dfrac{x}{2})^3 + \cdots$
$(2)J_n(x)与x轴有无穷个交点.$
$J_n(x_m^n) = 0 (m = 1, 2, \cdots) \to x_m^n - 称为J_n(x)的第m个零点.$
$(3)本征值问题(9)(10)或(9)^{\prime}(10)^{\prime}的$
$本征值:k_m^n = \dfrac{x_m^n}{a}, m = 1, 2, \cdots$
$本征函数:y_m(k\rho) = J_n(\dfrac{x_m^n}{a}\rho), m = 1, 2, \cdots,$

$2.\left \lbrace \begin{array}{l}\rho^2 R^{\prime \prime}(\rho) + \rho R^{\prime}(\rho) + (k^2\rho^2 - n^2) R(\rho) = 0, \rho < a \quad (11) \\ R^{\prime}(a) = 0 \quad (12) \end{array} \right.$
$J_n^{\prime}(\tilde x_m^n) = 0 (m = 1, 2, \cdots) \to \tilde x_m^n - 称为J_n^{\prime}(x)的第m个零点.$
$本征值:\tilde k_m^n = \dfrac{\tilde x_m^n}{a}, m = 1, 2, \cdots$
$本征函数:R_m(k\rho) = J_n(\dfrac{\tilde x_m^n}{a}\rho), m = 1, 2, \cdots$

$\color{blue}{15.1.5 小结}$

$1.x^2y^{\prime \prime}(x) + xy^{\prime}(x) + (x^2 - v^2)y(x) = 0 \quad (1)$
$y_1(x) = J_v(x) = \sum \limits_{k=0}^{\infty}\dfrac{(-1)^k}{k! \Gamma(v+k+1)}(\dfrac{x}{2})^{2k+v} \quad (4)$
$y_2(x) = J_{-v}(x) = \sum \limits_{k=0}^{\infty} \dfrac{(-1)^k}{k! \Gamma(-v+k+1)}(\dfrac{x}{2})^{2k-v} \quad (5)$
$当v \neq n时:y_c(x) = c_vJ_v(x) + d_vJ_{-v}(x)$
$当v = n时: J_{-n}(x) = (-1)^nJ_n(x) \quad (6)$

$2.\left \lbrace \begin{array}{l}\rho^2 R^{\prime \prime}(\rho) + \rho R^{\prime}(\rho) + (k^2 \rho^2 - n^2) R(\rho) = 0 \quad (9) \\ R(a) = 0 \quad (10) \end{array} \right.$
$J_n(x_m^n) = 0 (m = 1, 2, \cdots) \to x_m^n -称为J_n(x)第m个零点.$
$本征值:k_m^n = \dfrac{x_m^n}{a}, m = 1, 2, \cdots$
$本征函数: R_m(k\rho) = J_n(\dfrac{x_m^n}{a}\rho), m = 1, 2, \cdots$
$\lbrace J_n(k_m^n\rho) \rbrace:J_n(k_1^n\rho), J_n(k_2^n\rho), J_n(k_3^n\rho), \cdots - n阶贝塞尔函数系$

$对于:W^{\prime \prime}(z) + p(z)W^{\prime}(z) + q(z)W(z) = 0 \quad (*)$
$在正则奇点z = z_0的邻域0 < |z-z_0| < R内,方程至少有形式为$
$W(z) = (z-z_0)^{\rho}\sum \limits_{k=0}^{\infty}C_k(z-z_0)^k \quad (**)$
$若\rho的指标的两个指标为:\rho_1,\rho_2(设\rho_1 > \rho_2),那么,方程(*)的两线性无关的根为:$
$W_1(z) = (z-z_0)^{\rho_1} \sum \limits_{k=0}^{\infty}c_k(z-z_0)^k$
$W_2(z) = \left \lbrace \begin{array}{l}(z-z_0)^{\rho_2} \sum \limits_{k=0}^{\infty} d_k(z-z_0)^k, \rho_1 - \rho_2 \neq 整数 \\ aw_1(z) \ln (z-z_0) + (z-z_0)^{\rho_2} \sum \limits_{k=0}^{\infty} d_k^{\prime}(z-z_0)^k, \rho_1 - \rho_2 = 整数 \end{array} \right.$

$\color{blue}{\S 15.2 贝塞尔函数的性质}$

$\color{blue}{15.2.1 母函数关系式}$

$e^{\frac{x}{2}(t-\frac{1}{t})} = \sum \limits_{k=0}^{\infty} J_n(x)t^n \quad (1)$

$e^z = \sum \limits_{k=0}^{\infty}\dfrac{1}{k!} z^k, |z| < \infty$
$证明:\because e^{\frac{x}{2}t} = \sum \limits_{l=0}^{\infty}\dfrac{1}{l!}(\dfrac{x}{2}t)^l, |t| < \infty$
$e^{-\frac{x}{2t}} = \sum \limits_{m=0}^{\infty}\dfrac{1}{m!}(-\dfrac{x}{2t})^m, |t| > 0$
$e^{\frac{x}{2}(t-\frac{1}{t})} = e^{\frac{x}{2}t} \cdot e^{-\frac{x}{2t}} = \sum \limits_{l=0}^{\infty} \dfrac{1}{l!}(\dfrac{x}{2}t)^l \cdot \sum \limits_{m=0}^{\infty} \dfrac{1}{m!}(-\dfrac{x}{2t})^m$
$=\sum \limits_{l=0}^{\infty}\sum \limits_{m=0}^{\infty}\dfrac{(-1)^m}{l!m!}(\dfrac{x}{2})^{l+m} t^{l-m}$

$令l - m =n, 则l = m +n$
$\to \sum \limits_{l=0}^{\infty} \to \sum \limits_{m+n=0}^{\infty} \to \sum \limits_{n=-m}^{\infty} \to \sum \limits_{n=-\infty}^{\infty}$
$e^{\frac{x}{2}(t-\frac{1}{t})} = \sum \limits_{n=-\infty}^{\infty} \sum \limits_{m=0}^{\infty} \dfrac{(-1)^m}{(m+n)!m!}(\dfrac{x}{2})^{2m+n}t^n$
$= \sum \limits_{n=-\infty}^{\infty} J_n(x)t^n$
$J_n(x) = \sum \limits_{k=0}^{\infty} \dfrac{(-1)^k}{k!(n+k)!}(\dfrac{x}{2})^{2k+n}$

$f(z) = \sum \limits_{k=-\infty}^{\infty}c_k(z-b)^k, c_k = \dfrac{1}{2\pi i}\oint_l \dfrac{f(z)}{(z-b)^{k+1} }dz$

$e^{\frac{x}{2}(t-\frac{1}{t})} = \sum \limits_{n=-\infty}^{\infty} J_n(x)t^n \quad (1)$

$问:1.J_n(x)的积分分？$
$J_n(x) = \dfrac{1}{2 \pi}\int_{-\pi}^{\pi} e^{i(x \sin \theta - n \theta)} d \theta$
$或J_n(x) = \dfrac{1}{\pi}\int_0^{\pi} \cos(x \sin \theta - n \theta) d\theta$

$2.J_n(x)的微分式?$
$3.J_v(x)(v \neq n)有母函数关系吗?$
$J_v(x) = \sum \limits_{k=0}^{\infty} \dfrac{(-1)^k}{k! \Gamma(v+k+1)}(\dfrac{x}{2})^{2k+v} \quad (4)$

$\color{blue}{15.2.2 递推公式}$

$\left \lbrace \begin{array}{l}\dfrac{d}{dx}[x^v J_v(x)] = x^v J_{v-1}(x) \quad (2) \\ \dfrac{d}{dx}[x^{-v}J_{v}(x)] = -x^{-v} J_{v+1}(x) \quad (3) \end{array} \right.$
$用途:(1)可派生出其它递推公式$
$xJ_v^{\prime}(x) + vJ_v(x) = xJ_{v-1}(x) \quad (4)$
$xJ_v^{\prime}(x) - vJ_v(x) = -xJ_{v+1}(x) \quad (5)$
$2J_v^{\prime}(x) = J_{v-1}(x) - J_{v+1}(x) \quad(6)$
$\dfrac{2v}{x}J_v(x) = J_{v-1}(x) + J_{v+1}(x) \quad(7)$

$(2)只要查J_0(x)和J_1(x)表,可计算出任一J_v(x)$
$用途:(3)可用来计算含J_v(x)的积分$
$例1:\int_0^a x^3 J_0(x) dx = a^3J_1(a) - 2a^2J_2(a)$
$例2:\int J_1(x) dx = ?$$\quad -J_0(x) + C \quad J_1(x) = -J_0^{\prime}(x)$
$例3:\int J_3(x)dx = -J_0(x) - 2J_2(x) + c$

$\color{blue}{15.2.3 正交性}$

$\int_0^a \rho J_n(k_m^n \rho)J_n(k_l^n\rho)d \rho = \dfrac{a^2}{2}J_{n+1}^2(k_l^n a)\delta_{ml} \quad (8)$
$证明:\because \rho^2 R^{\prime \prime}(\rho) +\rho R^{\prime}(\rho) + (k^2\rho^2 - n^2)R(\rho) = 0$
$\to \dfrac{d}{d\rho}(\rho \dfrac{d R}{d\rho}) +(k^2 \rho - \dfrac{n^2}{\rho})R = 0$
$\dfrac{d}{d \rho}[\rho \dfrac{d J_n(k_m^n\rho)}{d \rho}] +[(k_m^n)^2 \rho - \dfrac{n^2}{\rho}]J_n(k_m^n\rho) = 0 \quad (9)$
$\dfrac{d}{d \rho}[\rho \dfrac{dJ_n(k_l^n \rho)}{d\rho}] + [(k_l^n)^2 \rho - \dfrac{n^2}{\rho}]J_n(k_l^n \rho) = 0 \quad (10)$
$J_n(k_m^n a) = 0, m = 1, 2, \cdots, l, \cdots$
$\int_0^a[(9) \cdot J_n(k_l^n \rho) -(10) \cdot J_n(k_m^n \rho)] d\rho:$
$[(k_m^n)^2 - (k_l^n)^2]\int_0^a \rho J_n(k_m^n\rho)J_n(k_l^n \rho) d\rho$
$=\int_0^a J_n(k_m^n \rho)\dfrac{d}{d\rho}[\rho \dfrac{dJ_n(k_l^n \rho)}{d\rho}] d \rho - \int_0^a J_n(k_l^n \rho) \dfrac{d}{d\rho}[\rho \dfrac{dJ_n(k_m^n\rho)}{d\rho}]d\rho$
$=\rho J_n(k_m^n\rho)\dfrac{d J_n(k_l^n \rho)}{d \rho} |_0^a - \int_0^a \rho \dfrac{d J_n(k_l^n\rho)}{d \rho} \dfrac{d J_n(k_m^n \rho)}{d\rho} d\rho$
$- \rho J_n(k_l^n \rho)\dfrac{d J_n(k_m^n \rho)}{d \rho} |_0^a + \int_0^a \rho \dfrac{d J_n(k_m^n \rho)}{d \rho} \dfrac{d J_n(k_l^n \rho)}{d \rho} d \rho$

$[(k_m^n)^2 - (k_l^n)^2]\int_0^a \rho J_n(k_m^n \rho)J_n(k_l^n \rho) d \rho$
$=\rho [J_n(k_m^n\rho) \dfrac{d J_n(k_l^n \rho)}{d \rho} - J_n(k_l^n \rho)\dfrac{d J_n(k_m^n \rho)}{d \rho}]|_0^1$
$=0 \quad (\therefore J_n(k_m^na) = 0, m =1, 2, \cdots, l, \cdots)$
$1.若m \neq l:\int_0^a \rho J_n(k_m^n \rho)J_n(k_l^n \rho) d\rho = 0$
$2.若m = l, 令m \to l$
$\int_0^a\rho J_n(k_m^n \rho)J_n(k_l^n \rho) d\rho = \lim \limits_{k_m^n \to k_l^n} \dfrac{a J_n(k_m^na) J_n^{\prime}(k_l^na)k_l^n}{(k_m^n)^2 - (k_l^n)^2}$
$= \lim \limits_{k_m^n \to k_l^n} \dfrac{a^2k_l^n J_n^{\prime}(k_m^na)J_n^{\prime}(k_l^na)}{2k_m^n} = \dfrac{a^2}{2}[J_n^{\prime}(k_l^na)]^2 = \dfrac{a^2}{2} J_{n+1}^2(k_l^n a)$

$\color{blue}{15.2.4 广义傅氏展开}$

$若f(\rho)在[0, a]上有连续的一阶导数,分段连续的二阶导数,且f(\rho)|_{\rho=0} \to 有界,\\ f(\rho)|_{\rho=a} = 0,则$
$f(\rho) = \sum \limits_{m=1}^{\infty} c_mJ_n(k_m^n \rho)$
$c_m = \dfrac{1}{\dfrac{a^2}{2}J_{n+1}^2(k_m^n a)} \int_0^a \rho f(\rho) J_n(k_m^n \rho) d \rho$

$例4:一半径为a,高为h的均匀圆柱体,其下底和侧面保持温度为零度,\\ 上端温度为u_0,求柱内的稳定温度分布.$
$\left \lbrace \begin{array}{l}\Delta u = 0, 0 \leq \rho \leq a \quad (1) \\ u(a, z) = 0 \quad (2) \\ u(\rho, 0) = 0 \quad (3) \\ u(\rho, h) = u_0 \quad (4) \end{array} \right.$
$解:1.令u(\rho, z) = R(\rho)Z(z)$
$(1) \to \left \lbrace \begin{array}{l}Z^{\prime \prime} + \mu Z = 0 \quad (5) \\ \rho^2 R^{\prime \prime} +\rho R^{\prime} + (k^2 \rho^2 - 0)R = 0 \quad (6) \end{array} \right.$
$(2) \to R(a) = 0 \quad (7); \quad (3) \to Z(0) = 0 \quad (8)$

$2.解本征值问题(6)(7)得$
$k^2 = -\mu = (\dfrac{x_m^0}{a})^2, R_m(\rho) = J_0(k_m^0 \rho), m = 1, 2,\cdots$
$3.解方程(5):$
$\left \lbrace \begin{array}{l}Z^{\prime \prime} + \mu Z = 0 \quad (5) \to Z_m(z) = c_m \sinh(k_m^0 z) \\ Z(0) = 0 \quad (8) \end{array} \right.$
$4.叠加,定系数:$
$u(\rho, z) = \sum \limits _{m=1}^{\infty}c_m \sinh(k_m^0 z) J_0(k_m^0 \rho)$
$\to \sum \limits_{m=1}^{\infty}c_m \sinh(k_m^0 h)J_0(k_m^0 \rho) = u_0$
$c_m = \dfrac{1}{\dfrac{a^2}{2}J_1^2(k_m^0 a) \sinh(k_m^0 h)} \int_0^a u_0 \rho J_0(k_m^0 \rho) d \rho$
$令x = k_m^0 \rho$
$\int_0^a \rho J_0(k_m^0 \rho) d \rho = \dfrac{1}{(k_m^0)^2} \int_0^{(k_m^0 a)} x J_0(x) dx = \dfrac{a}{k_m^0} J_1(k_m^0 a)$
$问:J_1(k_m^0 a) = 0 ?$
$c_m = \dfrac{1}{\dfrac{a^2}{2}J_1^2(k_m^0 a) \sinh(k_m^0 h)} \int_0^a u_0 \rho J_0(k_m^0 \rho) d \rho$
$=\dfrac{2u_0}{(k_m^0a) \sinh(k_m^0 h) J_1(k_m^0 a)}$
$u = \sum \limits_{m=1}^{\infty}\dfrac{2u_0}{x_m^0} \dfrac{\sinh(k_m^0 z)}{\sinh(k_m^0 h)} \dfrac{J_0(k_m^0 \rho)}{J_1(k_m^0 a)}$

$\color{blue}{15.2.5 小结}$

$(1)母函数关系式$
$e^{\frac{x}{2}(t-\frac{1}{t})} = \sum \limits_{n=-\infty}^{\infty}J_n(x)t^n \quad (1)$
$(2)递推公式:$
$\left \lbrace \begin{array}{l}\dfrac{d}{dx}[x^v J_v(x)] = x^vJ_{v-1}(x) \quad (2) \\ \dfrac{d}{dx}[x^{-v} J_v(x)] = -x^{-v} J_{v+1}(x) \quad (3) \end{array} \right.$
$(3)正交性$
$\int_0^a \rho J_n(k_m^n \rho)J_n(k_l^n \rho) d\rho = \dfrac{a^2}{2} J_{n+1}^2(k_l^n a) \delta_{ml} \quad (8)$
$(4)广义傅氏展开$
$f(\rho) = \sum \limits_{m=1}^{\infty}c_mJ_n(k_m^n \rho)$
$c_m = \dfrac{1}{\dfrac{a^2}{2}J_{n+1}^2(k_m^n a)}\int_0^a \rho f(\rho) J_n(k_m^n \rho) d \rho$