【状态模式】

允许一个对象在其内部状态改变时改变它的行为，常用于实现有限状态机，如角色的行走，跳跃，攻击等。

// 抽象状态类
public abstract class State
{
    // 定义一个环境角色，提供子类访问
    protected Context context;

    // 设置环境角色
    public void SetContext(Context context)
    {
        this.context = context;
    }

    // 行为1
    public abstract void Handle1();

    // 行为2
    public abstract void Handle2();
}

// 具体状态A类
public class ConcreteStateA : State
{
    // 行为1的具体实现
    public override void Handle1()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("ConcreteStateA handles request1.");
        Console.WriteLine("ConcreteStateA wants to change the state of the context.");
        // 切换状态
        this.context.TransitionTo(new ConcreteStateB());
    }

    // 行为2的具体实现
    public override void Handle2()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("ConcreteStateA handles request2.");
    }
}

// 具体状态B类
public class ConcreteStateB : State
{
    // 行为1的具体实现
    public override void Handle1()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("ConcreteStateB handles request1.");
    }

    // 行为2的具体实现
    public override void Handle2()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("ConcreteStateB handles request2.");
        Console.WriteLine("ConcreteStateB wants to change the state of the context.");
        // 切换状态
        this.context.TransitionTo(new ConcreteStateA());
    }
}

// 环境类
public class Context
{
    // 维护一个抽象状态对象的引用
    private State state;

    // 设置初始状态
    public Context(State state)
    {
        this.TransitionTo(state);
    }

    // 允许改变状态对象
    public void TransitionTo(State state)
    {
        Console.WriteLine($"Context: Transition to {state.GetType().Name}.");
        this.state = state;
        this.state.SetContext(this);
    }

    // 对请求做出处理，并设置下一个状态
    public void Request1()
    {
        this.state.Handle1();
    }

    public void Request2()
    {
        this.state.Handle2();
    }
}

// 测试代码
class Program
{
  static void Main(string[] args)
  {
      // 创建一个初始状态为A的环境对象
      var context = new Context(new ConcreteStateA());
      // 调用请求方法，观察状态的变化和行为的执行
      context.Request1();
      context.Request2();
      
      Console.ReadKey();
      
      /*
       * 输出结果：
       * Context: Transition to ConcreteStateA.
       * ConcreteStateA handles request1.
       * ConcreteStateA wants to change the state of the context.
       * Context: Transition to ConcreteStateB.
       * ConcreteStateB handles request2.
       * ConcreteStateB wants to change the state of the context.
       * Context: Transition to ConcreteStateA.
       */
  }
}