OC-022.OC的构造方法-03.类方法的构造

在构造方法中使用类方法去实现，可以直接通过类名调用，比较简便。

//简便构造方法：用类方法去实现
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>//------main
#import "LSStudent.h"
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {
        LSperson *per1 = [[LSperson alloc] initWithAge:10];//用对象方法
        NSLog(@"age = %d",per1.age);
        LSperson *per2 = [LSperson personWithAge:20];//类方法
        NSLog(@"age = %d",per2.age);
        
        LSStudent *stu1 = [[LSStudent alloc] initWithAge:30 andName:@"韩梅梅"];
        NSLog(@"age = %d，name = %@",stu1.age,stu1.name);
        LSStudent *stu2 = [LSStudent studentWithAge:40 andName:@"李雷"];
        NSLog(@"age = %d，name = %@",stu2.age,stu2.name);
  
    }
    return 0;
}

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>//------LSPerson.h

@interface LSperson : NSObject
@property int age;
- (instancetype) initWithAge:(int)age;
+ (instancetype) personWithAge:(int)age;
//instancetype 相对于id类型，它会自动进行类型检查，如果不一致就会报一个警告
//instancetype 只可以作为返回类型
//以后返回类型使用instancetype
//简便构造方法，都是以类名去掉前缀然后小写首字母开头

@end

#import "LSperson.h"//------LSPerson.m

@implementation LSperson
- (instancetype) initWithAge:(int)age{
    if (self = [super init]) {
        self.age = age;
    }
    return self;
}
//命名规范：以类名去掉前缀然后首字母小写
+ (instancetype) personWithAge:(int)age{
    return [[self alloc] initWithAge:age];//类方法里面通过调用对象方法直接进行初始化
}
@end

#import "LSperson.h"//------LSStudent.h

@interface LSStudent : LSperson
@property NSString *name;//新增姓名属性
- (instancetype) initWithAge:(int)age andName:(NSString *)name;
+ (instancetype) studentWithAge:(int)age andName:(NSString *)name;;
@end

#import "LSStudent.h"//------LSStudent.m

@implementation LSStudent
- (instancetype) initWithAge:(int)age andName:(NSString *)name{
    if (self = [super initWithAge:age]) {
        self.name = name;
    }
    return  self;
}
+ (instancetype) studentWithAge:(int)age andName:(NSString *)name{
    return [[self alloc] initWithAge:age andName:name];
}
@end