全方位揭秘！大数据从0到1的完美落地之MapReduce实战案例(1)

案例一: MR实战之小文件合并(自定义inputFormat)

项目准备

1. 需求

无论hdfs还是MapReduce，对于小文件都有损效率，实践中，又难免面临处理大量小文件的场景，此时，就需要有相应解决方案

1. 测试数据

2. 分析

小文件的优化无非以下几种方式：

• a) 在数据采集的时候，就将小文件或小批数据合成大文件再上传HDFS
• b) 在业务处理之前，在HDFS上使用MapReduce程序对小文件进行合并
• c) 在MapReduce处理时，可采用combineInputFormat提高效率

项目实现

注意:本节实现的是上述第二种方式

1. 程序的核心机制：

自定义一个InputFormat

改写RecordReader，实现一次读取一个完整文件封装为KV

在输出时使用SequenceFileOutPutFormat输出合并文件

1. 代码如下

a) 自定义InputFromat

/**
 * @Author 千锋大数据教学团队
 * @Company 千锋好程序员大数据
 * @Description 
 */
public class WholeFileInputFormat extends
    FileInputFormat<NullWritable, BytesWritable> {
    //设置每个小文件不可分片,保证一个小文件生成一个key-value键值对
    @Override
    protected boolean isSplitable(JobContext context, Path file) {
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public RecordReader<NullWritable, BytesWritable> createRecordReader(
        InputSplit split, TaskAttemptContext context) throws IOException,
    InterruptedException {
        WholeFileRecordReader reader = new WholeFileRecordReader();
        reader.initialize(split, context);
        return reader;
    }
}
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b) 自定义RecordReader

/**
 * @Author 千锋大数据教学团队
 * @Company 千锋好程序员大数据
 * @Description 自定义RecordReader
 */
public class WholeFileRecordReader extends RecordReader<NullWritable, BytesWritable> {
    private FileSplit fileSplit;
    private Configuration conf;
    private BytesWritable value = new BytesWritable();
    private boolean processed = false;

    @Override
    public void initialize(InputSplit split, TaskAttemptContext context)
        throws IOException, InterruptedException {
        this.fileSplit = (FileSplit) split;
        this.conf = context.getConfiguration();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean nextKeyValue() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
        if (!processed) {
            byte[] contents = new byte[(int) fileSplit.getLength()];
            Path file = fileSplit.getPath();
            FileSystem fs = file.getFileSystem(conf);
            FSDataInputStream in = null;
            try {
                in = fs.open(file);
                IOUtils.readFully(in, contents, 0, contents.length);
                value.set(contents, 0, contents.length);
            } finally {
                IOUtils.closeStream(in);
            }
            processed = true;
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public NullWritable getCurrentKey() throws IOException,InterruptedException {
        return NullWritable.get();
    }

    @Override
    public BytesWritable getCurrentValue() throws IOException,InterruptedException {
        return value;
    }

    @Override
    public float getProgress() throws IOException {
        return processed ? 1.0f : 0.0f;
    }

    @Override
    public void close() throws IOException {
        // do nothing
    }
}
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c) 定义MapReduce处理流程

/**
 * @Author 千锋大数据教学团队
 * @Company 千锋好程序员大数据
 * @Description 定义MapReduce处理流程
 */
public class SmallFilesToSequenceFileConverter extends Configured implements
    Tool {
    static class SequenceFileMapper extends
        Mapper<NullWritable, BytesWritable, Text, BytesWritable> {
        private Text filenameKey;

        @Override
        protected void setup(Context context) throws IOException,InterruptedException {
            InputSplit split = context.getInputSplit();
            Path path = ((FileSplit) split).getPath();
            filenameKey = new Text(path.toString());
        }

        @Override
        protected void map(NullWritable key, BytesWritable value,Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException 		  {
            context.write(filenameKey, value);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public int run(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Configuration conf = new Configuration();
        System.setProperty("HADOOP_USER_NAME", "root");
        String[] otherArgs = new GenericOptionsParser(conf, args).getRemainingArgs();
        if (otherArgs.length != 2) {
            System.err.println("Usage: combinefiles <in> <out>");
            System.exit(2);
        }

        Job job = Job.getInstance(conf,"combine small files to sequencefile");
        //		job.setInputFormatClass(WholeFileInputFormat.class);
        job.setOutputFormatClass(SequenceFileOutputFormat.class);
        job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
        job.setOutputValueClass(BytesWritable.class);
        job.setMapperClass(SequenceFileMapper.class);
        return job.waitForCompletion(true) ? 0 : 1;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        int exitCode = ToolRunner.run(new SmallFilesToSequenceFileConverter(),args);
        System.exit(exitCode);
    }
}