cv2.minAreaRect 旋转图像转正

目前在做的检测过程中，有很多的矩形，需要旋转水平以后再截取出矩形区域，如下图所示。

看了很多方法，都是通过仿射变换方式，转正后截取

def crop_rect(img, rect):
    # get the parameter of the small rectangle
    center, size, angle = rect[0], rect[1], rect[2]
    center, size = tuple(map(int, center)), tuple(map(int, size))

    # get row and col num in img
    height, width = img.shape[0], img.shape[1]

    # calculate the rotation matrix
    M = cv2.getRotationMatrix2D(center, angle, 1)
    # rotate the original image
    img_rot = cv2.warpAffine(img, M, (width, height))

    # now rotated rectangle becomes vertical and we crop it
    img_crop = cv2.getRectSubPix(img_rot, size, center)

    return img_crop, img_rot

但是参考了 Cropping Rotated Rectangles from Image with OpenCV
这篇文章，主要就是运用了透视变换，非常巧妙

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
   File Name：     rotation_v3
   Description :
   date：          2019/5/10
"""
import cv2
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pylab as plt
import time

img=cv2.imread('3_75.jpg')
# img=img[14:-15,13:-14]
gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
ret, binary = cv2.threshold(gray, 127, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)

contours, hierarchy = cv2.findContours(binary, cv2.RETR_TREE, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
print("num of contours: {}".format(len(contours)))


rect = cv2.minAreaRect(contours[1])  #获取蓝色矩形的中心点、宽高、角度


'''
retc=((202.82777404785156, 94.020751953125),
 (38.13406753540039, 276.02105712890625),
 -75.0685806274414)


width = int(rect[1][0])
height = int(rect[1][1])
angle = rect[2]
print(angle)

if width < height:  #计算角度，为后续做准备
  angle = angle - 90
print(angle)
'''
if rect[-1] < -45 or rect[-1] > 45:
	rect = (rect[0], (rect[1][1], rect[1][0]), rect[2] - 90)
angle = rect[2]
width = int(rect[1][0])
height = int(rect[1][1])
# if  angle < -45:
#     angle += 90.0
#        #保证旋转为水平
# width,height = height,width
src_pts = cv2.boxPoints(rect)

# box = cv2.boxPoints(rect)
# box = np.int0(box)
# cv2.drawContours(img_box, [box], 0, (0,255,0), 2) 
#

dst_pts = np.array([[0, height],
                    [0, 0],
                    [width, 0],
                    [width, height]], dtype="float32")
M = cv2.getPerspectiveTransform(src_pts, dst_pts)
warped = cv2.warpPerspective(img, M, (width, height))

if angle<=-90:  #对-90度以上图片的竖直结果转正
    warped = cv2.transpose(warped)
    warped = cv2.flip(warped, 0)  # 逆时针转90度，如果想顺时针，则0改为1
    # warped=warped.transpose
cv2.imshow('wr1',warped)
cv2.waitKey(0)

仿射变换和透视变换的具体含义，可以参考知乎的这篇文章。

仿射变换是二维变换，就是在一个平面上，可以通过三个定点，随意的拉拽到想要的形状，但是不能拿起来，所以他的投影还是他拉拽的本身

透视变换是三维变换，就是可以拿起来，随意平行、竖直、翻转一定角度等，就是可以拉拽4个定点，所以它的投影会变成不规则的形状，更高级一点。