LeetCode_Search in Rotated Sorted Array

Suppose a sorted array is rotated at some pivot unknown to you beforehand.

(i.e., 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 might become 4 5 6 7 0 1 2).

You are given a target value to search. If found in the array return its index, otherwise return -1.

You may assume no duplicate exists in the array.

题目的意思使在一个循环有序数组里面进行查找目标值，若目标值存在，则返回目标值对应的下标，否则返回-1。

自己一开始使没有想到好的解法，在网上搜了一下，大概的思路是一致的：

1）二分查找的方式找到循环数组的转折点，每个人找转折点的解法不同，看了好几个人的，个人感觉这个最靠谱好理解：

 int lo=0,hi=n-1;
        // Find the index of the smallest value using binary search.
        // Loop will terminate since mid < hi, and lo or hi will shrink 
        // by at least 1.
        // Proof by contradiction that mid < hi: if mid==hi, then lo==hi 
        // and loop would have been terminated.
        while(lo<hi){
            int mid=(lo+hi)/2;
            if(A[mid]>A[hi]) lo=mid+1;
            else hi=mid;
        }

其实主要的想法就是比较A[mid]和当前数组段两个端点大小，一段到低哪一侧已经是一个有序数组了，那么转折点一定存在于另一侧。

2）找到转折点后这个题目就好做了，最简单的方法就是在转折点两侧分别进行一次二分查找，时间复杂度O(logn)。

class Solution {
public:
    int search(int A[], int n, int target) {
        int lo=0,hi=n-1;
        // Find the index of the smallest value using binary search.
        // Loop will terminate since mid < hi, and lo or hi will shrink 
        // by at least 1.
        // Proof by contradiction that mid < hi: if mid==hi, then lo==hi 
        // and loop would have been terminated.
        while(lo<hi){
            int mid=(lo+hi)/2;
            if(A[mid]>A[hi]) lo=mid+1;
            else hi=mid;
        }
        // lo==hi is the index of the smallest value and also 
        // the number of places rotated.
        int rot=lo;
        int index = -1;
        index = binarySearch(A, 0, rot-1, target);
        if(index == -1){
            index = binarySearch(A, rot, n-1, target);
        }

        return index;
    }
private:
    int binarySearch(int A[], int head, int tail, int target){
        if(A[head]>target||A[tail]<target) return -1;

        while(head <= tail){
            int mid = (head+tail)/2;

            if(A[mid] == target){
                return mid;
            }
            else if(A[mid]>target){
                tail = mid-1;
            }
            else {
                head = mid+1;
            }
        }

        return -1;
    }
};