Java与C++在构造函数中调用虚函数时的区别

    别人问了我一个问题：若基类有一个虚函数init(),被构造函数调用，而派生类override了init()，同样在其构造函数中调用之，那么在创建一个派生类对象时，init()显然会依次被基类和派生类的构造函数调用，那么，这两次调用的分别是什么版本的init()?

    我原以为按照OO的思想，在C++和Java中都应该是如下情况：构造函数中的虚函数不是真正的虚函数，而会调用当前版本的函数。

    然而，测试证明我想错了，C++的结果很符合我的预期，而Java的结果让我很是觉得ugly。

    在Java中，在基类的构造函数中，居然调用了派生类版本的init()。

    这结果让我很困惑：难道这不是违背OO的思想么？在基类的构造函数执行过程中，这个对象的所有派生类成分都还未构建，怎么能调用派生类版本的函数呢？

    翻了翻《Thinking in java 4th》，在p301发现了相关文字：


Behavior of polymorphic methods inside constructors

    “if you call a dynamically bound method inside a constructor ,the overridden definition for that method is also used.However , the effect of this call be rather unexpected because the overridden method will be called before the object if fully constructed .This can conceal some
 difficult-to-find bugs."

    "On the other hand, you hsould be pretty horrified at the outcome of this program. You've done a perfectly logical thing,and yet the behavior is mysteriously wrong,with no complaints from the compiler. C++produces more rational behavior in this situation. Bugs like this could easily be buried and take a long time to discover."

    "As a result.......The only safe methods to call inside a constructor are those that are final in the base class(This also applies to private methods,which are automatically final.)


    ........


    Java的这个特性真是Ugly！


    测试代码和结果如下

C++的

#include  < iostream >

using   namespace  std;

class   base
... {

public:
  base()   ...{ init(); }

  virtual void init()...{ cout<<"I am Base "<<endl;}
} ;

class  derived: public   base
... {
public:

  derived() ...{ init();}

  void init() ...{ cout<<"I am Derived "<<endl;}
} ;

import  java.util. * ;

class  Base
... {
   public Base () ...{ init(); }

   private void init() ...{ System.out.println("Hello,It'Base");}

}

class  Derived  extends  Base
... {

   public Derived() ...{ init();}

   private void init() ...{ System.out.println("Hello,It's Derived");}

}

public   class  Test
... {

    public static void main (String[] args)
   ...{ 
        System.out.println("in the main");
        Derived d=new Derived();
   }

}

int  main ()

... {

  derived test;
  return 1;
}

输出结果：

I am Base
I am Derived

java的

import  java.util. * ;

class  Base
... {
   public Base () ...{ init(); }

   void init() ...{ System.out.println("Hello,It'Base");}

}

class  Derived  extends  Base
... {

   public Derived() ...{ init();}

   void init() ...{ System.out.println("Hello,It's Derived");}

}

public   class  Test
... {

    public static void main (String[] args)
   ...{
        System.out.println("in the main");
        Derived d=new Derived();
   }

}

输出结果

Hello,It's Derived
Hello,It's Derived