目录
1 STL初识
1.1 STL的诞生
1.2 STL基本概念
1.3 STL六大组件
1.4 STL中容器、算法、迭代器
1.5 容器算法迭代器初识
1.5.1 vector存放内置数据类型
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
//vector容器存放内置数据类型
void myPrint(int val)
{
cout << val << endl;
}
void test01()
{
//创建了一个vector容器,数组
vector<int> v;
//向容器中插入数据
v.push_back(10);
v.push_back(20);
v.push_back(30);
v.push_back(40);
//通过迭代器访问容器中的数据
vector<int>::iterator itBegin = v.begin();//起始迭代器 指向迭代器中第一个元素
vector<int>::iterator itEnd = v.end(); //结束迭代器 指向容器中最后一个元素的下一个位置
//第一种遍历方式
while (itBegin != itEnd)
{
cout << *itBegin << endl;
itBegin++;
}
//第二种遍历方式
for (vector<int>::iterator it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); it++)
{
cout << *it << endl;
}
//第三种遍历方式 利用STL提供遍历算法
for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), myPrint);
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
1.5.2 Vector存放自定义数据类型
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<string>
//vector容器中存放自定义数据类型
class Person
{
public:
Person(string name, int age)
{
this->m_Name = name;
this->m_Age = age;
}
string m_Name;
int m_Age;
};
void test01()
{
vector<Person>v;
Person p1("aaa", 10);
Person p2("bbb", 20);
Person p3("ccc", 30);
Person p4("ddd", 40);
Person p5("eee", 50);
//向容器中添加数据
v.push_back(p1);
v.push_back(p2);
v.push_back(p3);
v.push_back(p4);
v.push_back(p5);
//遍历容器中的数据
for (vector<Person>::iterator it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); it++)
{
//cout << "姓名:" << (*it).m_Name << " 年龄:" << (*it).m_Age << endl;
cout << "姓名:" << it->m_Name << " 年龄:" << it->m_Age << endl;
}
}
//存放自定义数据类型 指针
void test02()
{
vector<Person*>v;
Person p1("aaa", 10);
Person p2("bbb", 20);
Person p3("ccc", 30);
Person p4("ddd", 40);
Person p5("eee", 50);
//向容器中添加数据
v.push_back(&p1);
v.push_back(&p2);
v.push_back(&p3);
v.push_back(&p4);
v.push_back(&p5);
//遍历容器
for (vector<Person*>::iterator it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); it++)
{
cout << "姓名:" << (*it)->m_Name << " 年龄:" << (*it)->m_Age << endl;
}
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
1.5.3 Vector容器嵌套容器
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<string>
//容器嵌套容器
void test01()
{
vector<vector<int>>v;
//创建小容器
vector<int>v1;
vector<int>v2;
vector<int>v3;
vector<int>v4;
//向小容器中添加数据
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
v1.push_back(i + 1);
v2.push_back(i + 2);
v3.push_back(i + 3);
v4.push_back(i + 4);
}
//将小容器插入到大的容器中
v.push_back(v1);
v.push_back(v2);
v.push_back(v3);
v.push_back(v4);
//通过大容器,把所有数据遍历一遍
for (vector<vector<int>>::iterator it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); it++)
{
//(*it)----容器vector<int>
for (vector<int>::iterator vit = (*it).begin(); vit != (*it).end(); vit++)
{
cout << *vit << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
1.5.4 string基本概念
1.5.5 string构造函数
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<string>
//string的构造函数
//string(); //创建一个空的字符串 例如:string str;
//string(const char* s); //使用字符串s初始化
//string(const string& str); //使用一个string对象初始化另一个string对象
//string(int n, char c); //使用n个字符c初始化
void test01()
{
string s1;//默认构造
const char* str = "hello world";
string s2(str);
cout << "s2=" << s2 << endl;
string s3(s2);
cout << "s3=" << s3 << endl;
string s4(10, 'a');
cout << "s4=" << s4 << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
1.5.6 string赋值操作
//string赋值操作
/*
string& operator=(const char* s); //char* 类型字符串 赋值给当前的字符串
string& operator=(const string &s); //把字符串s赋值给当前的字符串
string& operator=(char c) //字符赋值给当前的字符串
string& assign(const char *s); //把字符串s赋值给当前的字符串
string& assign(const char *s,int n); //把字符串s的前n个字符赋给当前字符串
string& assign(const string &s); //把字符串s赋给当前字符串
string& assign(int n,char c); //用n个字符c赋给当前字符串
*/
void test01()
{
string str1;
str1 = "hello world";
cout << "str1=" << str1 << endl;
string str2;
str2 = str1;
cout << "str2=" << str2 << endl;
string str3;
str3 = 'a';
cout << "str3=" << str3 << endl;
string str4;
str4.assign("hello c++");
cout << "str4=" << str4 << endl;
string str5;
str5.assign("hello c++", 5);
cout << "str5=" << str5 << endl;
string str6;
str6.assign(str5);
cout << "str6=" << str6 << endl;
string str7;
str7.assign(10, 'w');
cout << "str7=" << str7 << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
1.5.7 string字符串拼接
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<string>
//string字符串拼接
/*
string& operator+=(const char* str); //重载+=操作符
string& operator+=(const char c); //重载+=操作符
string& operaotr+=(const string& str); //重载+=操作符
string& append(const char *s); //把字符串s连接到当前字符串结尾
string& append(const char *s,int n); //把字符串s的前n个字符连接到当前字符串结尾
string& append(const string &s); //同operator+=(const string& str)
string& append(const string &s,int pos,int n); //字符串s中从pos开始的n个字符连接到字符串结尾
*/
void test01()
{
string str1 = "我";
str1 += "爱玩游戏";
cout << "str1 = " << str1 << endl;
str1 += ':';
cout << "str1 = " << str1 << endl;
string str2 = "lol dnf";
str1 += str2;
cout << "str1 = " << str1 << endl;
string str3 = "I";
str3.append("love");
cout << "str3 = " << str3 << endl;
str3.append("game adec", 4);
cout << "str3 = " << str3 << endl;
str3.append(str2);
// i love game:lol dnf
cout << "str3 = " << str3 << endl;
str3.append(str2, 0, 3);//只截取lol
cout << "str3 = " << str3 << endl;
str3.append(str2, 4, 3);//只截取dnf,参数2 从哪个位置开始截取,参数3 截取字符个数
cout << "str3 = " << str3 << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
1.5.8 string查找和替换
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<string>
//字符串查找和替换
//1、查找
void test01()
{
string str1 = "abcdefgde";
int pos=str1.find("de");
if (pos == -1)
{
cout << "未找到字符串" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "找到字符串 pos=" << pos << endl;
}
//rfind 和find区别
//rfind从右往左查找 find从左往右查找
pos = str1.rfind("de");
cout << "pos=" << pos << endl;
}
//2、替换
void test02()
{
string str1 = "abcdefg";
//从1号位置起3个字符 替换为"1111"
str1.replace(1, 3, "1111");
cout << "str1=" << str1 << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
test02();
return 0;
}
1.5.9 string字符串比较
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<string>
//字符串比较
void test01()
{
string str1 = "hello";
string str2 = "hello";
if (str1.compare(str2) == 0)
{
cout << "str1等于 str2" << endl;
}
else if (str1.compare(str2) > 0)
{
cout << "str1 大于 str2" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "str1 小于str2" << endl;
}
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
1.5.10 string字符存取
//string 字符串存取
void test01()
{
string str = "hello";
cout << "str=" << str << endl;
//1、通过[]访问单个字符
for (int i = 0; i < str.size(); i++)
{
cout << str[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
//2、通过at方式访问单个字符
for (int i = 0; i < str.size(); i++)
{
cout << str.at(i) << " ";
}
cout << endl;
//修改单个字符
str[0] = 'x';
//xelle
cout << "str=" << str << endl;
str.at(1) = 'x';
//xxllo
cout << "str=" << str << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
1.5.11 string插入和删除
//字符串 插入和删除
void test01()
{
string str = "hello";
//插入
str.insert(1, "111");
//h111ello
cout << "str=" << str << endl;
//删除
str.erase(1, 3);
cout << "str=" << str << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
1.5.11 string子串
/string求子串
void test01()
{
string str = "abcdef";
string subStr = str.substr(1, 3);
cout << "subStr=" << subStr << endl;
}
//实用操作
void test02()
{
string email = "zhangsan@sina.com";
//从邮件地址中 获取 用户名信息
int pos = email.find("0");//8
cout << pos << endl;
string usrName = email.substr(0, pos);
cout << usrName << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
1.6 vector容器
1.6.1 vector基本概念
1.6.2 vector构造函数
void printVector(vector<int>& v)
{
for (vector<int>::iterator it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); it++)
{
cout << *it << " " << endl;
}
}
//vector容器构造
void test01()
{
vector<int>v1;//默认构造 无参构造
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
v1.push_back(i);
}
printVector(v1);
//通过区间方式进行构造
vector<int>v2(v1.begin(), v1.end());
printVector(v2);
//n个elem方式构造
vector<int>v3(10, 100);
printVector(v3);
//拷贝构造
vector<int>v4(v3);
printVector(v4);
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
1.6.3 vector赋值操作
void printVector(vector<int>& v)
{
for (vector<int>::iterator it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); it++)
{
cout << *it << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
//vector赋值
void test01()
{
vector<int>v1;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
v1.push_back(i);
}
printVector(v1);
//赋值 operator=
vector<int>v2;
v2 = v1;
printVector(v2);
//assign
vector<int>v3;
v3.assign(v1.begin(), v1.end());
printVector(v3);
//n个elem方式赋值
vector<int>v4;
v4.assign(10, 100);
printVector(v4);
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
1.6.4 vector容量和大小
void printVector(vector<int>& v)
{
for (vector<int>::iterator it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); it++)
{
cout << *it << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
//vector容器的容量和大小操作
void test01()
{
vector<int>v1;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
v1.push_back(i);
}
printVector(v1);
if (v1.empty()) //为真 代表容器为空
{
cout << "v1为空" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "v1不为空" << endl;
cout << "v1的容量为:" << v1.capacity() << endl;
cout << "v1的大小为:" << v1.size() << endl;
}
//重新指定大小
v1.resize(15, 100);//利用重载版本,可以指定默认填充值,参数2
printVector(v1);//如果重新指定的比原来长了,默认用0填充新的位置
v1.resize(5);
printVector(v1);//如果重新指定的比原来短了,超出部分会删除
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
1.6.5 vector插入和删除
//vector插入和删除
/*
push_back(ele); //尾部插入元素ele
pop_back(); //删除最后一个元素
insert(const_iterator pos,ele); //迭代器指向位置pos插入元素ele
insert(const_iterator pos,int count,ele); //迭代器指向位置pos插入count个元素ele
erase(const_iterator pos); //删除迭代器指向的元素
erase(const_iterator start,const_iterator end); //删除迭代器从start到end之间的元素
clear(); //删除容器中所有元素
*/
void printVector(vector<int>& v)
{
for (vector<int>::iterator it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); it++)
{
cout << *it << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
void test01()
{
vector<int>v1;
//尾插
v1.push_back(10);
v1.push_back(20);
v1.push_back(30);
v1.push_back(40);
v1.push_back(50);
//遍历
printVector(v1);
//尾删
v1.pop_back();
printVector(v1);
//插入 第一个参数是迭代器
v1.insert(v1.begin(), 100);
printVector(v1);
v1.insert(v1.begin(), 2, 1000);
printVector(v1);
//删除
v1.erase(v1.begin());
printVector(v1);
//清空
//v1.erase(v1.begin(), v1.end());
v1.clear();
printVector(v1);
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
1.6.6 vector数据存取
//vector容器 数据存取
void test01()
{
vector<int>v1;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
v1.push_back(i);
}
//利用[]方式访问数组中元素
for (int i = 0; i < v1.size(); i++)
{
cout << v1[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
//利用at方式访问元素
for (int i = 0; i < v1.size(); i++)
{
cout << v1.at(i) << " ";
}
cout << endl;
//获取第一个元素
cout << "第一个元素为:" << v1.front() << endl;
//获取最后一个元素
cout << "最后一个元素为:" << v1.back() << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
1.6.7 vector互换容器
//vector容器互换
void printVector(vector<int>& v)
{
for (vector<int>::iterator it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); it++)
{
cout << *it << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
void test01()
{
vector<int>v1;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
v1.push_back(i);
}
cout << "交换前:" << endl;
printVector(v1);
vector<int>v2;
for (int i = 10; i > 0; i--)
{
v2.push_back(i);
}
printVector(v2);
cout << "交换后:" << endl;
v1.swap(v2);
printVector(v1);
printVector(v2);
}
//2、实际用途
//巧用swap可以收缩内存空间
void test02() {
vector<int>v;
for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++)
{
v.push_back(i);
}
cout << "v的容量为:" << v.capacity() << endl;
cout << "v的大小为:" << v.size() << endl;
v.resize(3);//重新指定大小
cout << "v的容量为:" << v.capacity() << endl;
cout << "v的大小为:" << v.size() << endl;
//巧用swap收缩内存
vector<int>(v).swap(v); //匿名对象
cout << "v的容量为:" << v.capacity() << endl;
cout << "v的大小为:" << v.size() << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
test02();
return 0;
}
1.6.8 vector预留空间
//vector容器 预留空间
void test01()
{
vector<int>v;
//利用reserve预留空间
v.reserve(100000);
int num = 0;//统计开辟次数
int* p = NULL;
for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++)
{
v.push_back(i);
if (p != &v[0])
{
p = &v[0];
num++;
}
}
cout << "num=" << num << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
1.7 deque容器
1.7.1 deque容器基本概念
1.7.2 deque构造函数
//deque 构造函数
void printDeque(const deque<int>& d)
{
for (deque<int>::const_iterator it = d.begin(); it != d.end(); it++)
{
//*it =100;容器中的数据不可以修改了
cout << *it << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
void test01()
{
deque<int>d1;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
d1.push_back(i);
}
printDeque(d1);
deque<int>d2(d1.begin(), d1.end());
printDeque(d2);
deque<int>d3(10, 100);
printDeque(d3);
deque<int>d4(d3);
printDeque(d4);
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
1.7.3 deque赋值操作
//deque容器赋值操作
void printDeque(const deque<int>& d)
{
for (deque<int>::const_iterator it = d.begin(); it != d.end(); it++)
{
//*it =100;容器中的数据不可以修改了
cout << *it << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
void test01()
{
deque<int>d1;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
d1.push_back(i);
}
printDeque(d1);
//operator=赋值
deque<int>d2;
d2 = d1;
printDeque(d2);
//assign 赋值
deque<int>d3;
d3.assign(d1.begin(), d1.end());
printDeque(d3);
deque<int>d4;
d4.assign(10, 100);
printDeque(d4);
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
1.7.4 deque大小操作
//deque容器大小操作
void printDeque(const deque<int>& d)
{
for (deque<int>::const_iterator it = d.begin(); it != d.end(); it++)
{
//*it =100;容器中的数据不可以修改了
cout << *it << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
void test01()
{
deque<int>d1;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
d1.push_back(i);
}
printDeque(d1);
if (d1.empty())
{
cout << "d1为空" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "d1不为空" << endl;
cout << "d1的大小为:" << d1.size() << endl;
//deque容器没有容量概念
}
//重新指定大小
d1.resize(15);
printDeque(d1);
d1.resize(15, 1);
printDeque(d1);
d1.resize(5);
printDeque(d1);
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
1.7.5 deque插入和删除
.
//deque容器插入和删除
void printDeque(const deque<int>& d)
{
for (deque<int>::const_iterator it = d.begin(); it != d.end(); it++)
{
//*it =100;容器中的数据不可以修改了
cout << *it << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
//两端操作
void test01()
{
deque<int>d1;
//尾插
d1.push_back(10);
d1.push_back(20);
//头插
d1.push_front(100);
d1.push_front(200);
//200 100 10 20
printDeque(d1);
//尾删
d1.pop_back();
//200 100 10
printDeque(d1);
//头删
d1.pop_front();
//100 10
printDeque(d1);
}
void test02()
{
deque<int>d1;
d1.push_back(10);
d1.push_back(20);
d1.push_front(100);
d1.push_front(200);
//200 100 10 20
printDeque(d1);
//insert插入
d1.insert(d1.begin(), 1000);
//1000 200 100 10 20
printDeque(d1);
d1.insert(d1.begin(), 2, 10000);
//10000 10000 1000 200 100 10 20
printDeque(d1);
//按照区间进行插入
deque<int>d2;
d2.push_back(1);
d2.push_back(2);
d2.push_back(3);
d1.insert(d1.begin(), d2.begin(), d2.end());
//1 2 3 10000 10000 1000 200 100 10 20
printDeque(d1);
}
void test03()
{
deque<int>d1;
d1.push_back(10);
d1.push_back(20);
d1.push_front(100);
d1.push_front(200);
//删除
deque<int>::iterator it = d1.begin();
it++;
d1.erase(it);
//200 10 20
printDeque(d1);
//按区间方式删除
//d1.erase(d1.begin(), d1.end());
//清空
d1.clear();
printDeque(d1);
}
1.7.6 deque数据存取
//deque容器数据存取
void test01()
{
deque<int>d;
d.push_back(10);
d.push_back(20);
d.push_back(30);
d.push_front(100);
d.push_front(200);
d.push_front(300);
//通过[]方式访问元素
//300 200 100 10 20 30
for (int i = 0; i < d.size(); i++)
{
cout << d[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
//通过at方式访问元素
for (int i = 0; i < d.size(); i++)
{
cout << d.at(i) << " ";
}
cout << endl;
cout << "第一个元素为:" << d.front() << endl;
cout << "最后一个元素:" << d.back() << endl;
}
1.7.7 deque排序
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<string>
#include<deque>
#include<algorithm>//标准算法头文件
void printDeque(const deque<int>& d)
{
for (deque<int>::const_iterator it = d.begin(); it != d.end(); it++)
{
cout << *it << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
//deque容器排序
void test01()
{
deque<int>d;
d.push_back(10);
d.push_back(20);
d.push_back(30);
d.push_front(100);
d.push_front(200);
d.push_front(300);
//300 200 100 10 20 30
printDeque(d);
//排序 默认序列规则 从小到大 升序
//对于支持随机访问的迭代器的容器 ,都可以利用sort算法直接对其进行排序
//vector容器也可以利用 sort进行排序
sort(d.begin(), d.end());
cout << "排序后:" << endl;
printDeque(d);
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
1.8 案例-评委打分
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<string>
#include<deque>
#include<algorithm>//标准算法头文件
#include<ctime>
/*
有5名选手:选手ABCDE,10个评委分别对每一名选手打分,去除最高分,去除评委中最低分,取平均分
*/
class Person
{
public:
Person(string name, int score)
{
this->m_Name = name;
this->m_Score = score;
}
string m_Name;//姓名
int m_Score;//平均分
};
void creatPerson(vector<Person>& v)
{
string nameSeed = "ABCDE";
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
string name = "选手";
name += nameSeed[i];
int score = 0;
Person p(name, score);
//将创建的person对象 放入到容器中
v.push_back(p);
}
}
void setScore(vector<Person>& v)
{
for (vector<Person>::iterator it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); it++)
{
//将评委的分数 放入到deque容器中
deque<int>d;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
int score = rand() % 41 + 60;//60~100
d.push_back(score);
}
/*cout << "选手:" << it->m_Name << " 打分:" << endl;
for (deque<int>::iterator dit = d.begin(); dit != d.end(); dit++)
{
cout << *dit << " ";
}
cout << endl;*/
//排序
sort(d.begin(), d.end());
//去除最高和最低分
d.pop_back();
d.pop_front();
//取平均分
int sum = 0;
for (deque<int>::iterator dit = d.begin(); dit != d.end(); dit++)
{
sum += *dit;//累加每个评委的分数
}
int avg = sum / d.size();
//将平均分 赋值给选手身上
it->m_Score = avg;
}
}
void showScore(vector<Person>&v)
{
for (vector<Person>::iterator it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); it++)
{
cout << "姓名:" << it->m_Name << "平均分:" << it->m_Score << endl;
}
}
int main()
{
//随机数种子
srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));
//1、创建5名选手
vector<Person>v;//存放选手容器
creatPerson(v);
//测试
/*for (vector<Person>::iterator it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); it++)
{
cout << "姓名:" << (*it).m_Name << "分数:" << (*it).m_Score << endl;
}*/
//2、给5名选手打分
setScore(v);
//3、显示最后得分
showScore(v);
return 0;
}
1.9 stack容器
1.9.1 stack基本概念
1.9.2 stack 常用接口
//栈stack容器
void test01()
{
//特点:符合先进后出数据结构
stack<int>s;
//入栈
s.push(10);
s.push(20);
s.push(30);
s.push(40);
cout << "栈的大小:" << s.size() << endl;
//只要栈不为空,查看栈顶,并且执行出栈操作
while (!s.empty())
{
//查看栈顶元素
cout << "栈顶元素为:" << s.top() << endl;
//出栈
s.pop();
}
cout << "栈的大小:" << s.size() << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
1.10 queue容器
1.10.1 queue基本概念
1.10.2 queue常用接口
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<queue>
#include<string>
class Person
{
public:
Person(string name, int age)
{
this->m_Name = name;
this->m_Age = age;
}
string m_Name;
int m_Age;
};
void test01()
{
//创建队列
queue<Person>q;
//准备数据
Person p1("唐僧", 30);
Person p2("孙悟空", 1000);
Person p3("猪八戒", 900);
Person p4("沙僧", 800);
//入队
q.push(p1);
q.push(p2);
q.push(p3);
q.push(p4);
cout << "队列大小为:" << q.size() << endl;
//判断只要队列不为空,查看队头,查看队尾,出队
while (!q.empty())
{
//查看队头
cout << "队名元素 ----姓名:" << q.front().m_Name << " 年龄:" << q.front().m_Age << endl;
//查看队尾
cout << "队尾元素 ----姓名:" << q.back().m_Name << " 年龄:" << q.back().m_Age << endl;
//出队
q.pop();
}
cout << "队列大小为:" << q.size() << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
1.11 list容器
1.11.1 list基本概念
1.11.2 list构造函数
include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<list>
#include<string>
//list容器构造函数
void printList(const list<int>& L)
{
for (list<int>::const_iterator it = L.begin(); it != L.end(); it++)
{
cout << *it << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
void test01()
{
//创建list容器
list<int>L1;
//添加数据
L1.push_back(10);
L1.push_back(20);
L1.push_back(30);
L1.push_back(40);
//遍历容器
printList(L1);
//区间方式构造
list<int>L2(L1.begin(), L1.end());
printList(L2);
//拷贝构造
list<int>L3(L2);
printList(L3);
//n个elem
list<int>L4(10, 1000);
printList(L4);
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
1.11.3 list赋值和交换
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<list>
#include<string>
//list容器赋值和交换
void printList(const list<int>& L)
{
for (list<int>::const_iterator it = L.begin(); it != L.end(); it++)
{
cout << *it << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
//赋值
void test01()
{
list<int>L1;
L1.push_back(10);
L1.push_back(20);
L1.push_back(30);
L1.push_back(40);
printList(L1);
list<int>L2;
L2 = L1;//operator= 赋值
printList(L2);
list<int>L3;
L3.assign(L2.begin(), L2.end());
printList(L3);
list<int>L4;
L4.assign(10, 100);
printList(L4);
}
//交换
void test02()
{
list<int>L1;
L1.push_back(10);
L1.push_back(20);
L1.push_back(30);
L1.push_back(40);
list<int>L2;
L2.assign(10, 100);
cout << "交换前:" << endl;
printList(L1);
printList(L2);
cout << "交换后:" << endl;
printList(L1);
printList(L2);
}
int main()
{
test01();
test02();
return 0;
}
1.11.4 list大小操作
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<list>
#include<string>
//list容器大小操作
void printList(const list<int>& L)
{
for (list<int>::const_iterator it = L.begin(); it != L.end(); it++)
{
cout << *it << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
void test01()
{
list<int>L1;
L1.push_back(10);
L1.push_back(20);
L1.push_back(30);
L1.push_back(40);
printList(L1);
//判断容器是否为空
if (L1.empty())
{
cout << "L1为空" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "L1不为空" << endl;
cout << "L1的元素个数为:" <<L1.size()<< endl;
}
//重新指定大小
L1.resize(10);
printList(L1);
L1.resize(2);
printList(L1);
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
1.11.5 list插入和删除
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<list>
#include<string>
//list容器插入和删除
void printList(const list<int>& L)
{
for (list<int>::const_iterator it = L.begin(); it != L.end(); it++)
{
cout << *it << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
void test01()
{
list<int>L;
//尾插
L.push_back(10);
L.push_back(20);
L.push_back(30);
L.push_back(40);
//头插
L.push_front(100);
L.push_front(200);
L.push_front(300);
//300 200 100 10 20 30
printList(L);
//尾删
L.pop_back();
//300 200 100 10 20
printList(L);
//头删
L.pop_front();
//200 100 10 20
printList(L);
//insert插入
list<int>::iterator it = L.begin();
L.insert(++it, 1000);
// 200 1000 100 10 20
printList(L);
//删除
it = L.begin();
L.erase(++it);
//200 100 10 20
printList(L);
//移除
L.push_back(10000);
L.push_back(10000);
L.push_back(10000);
L.push_back(10000);
printList(L);
L.remove(10000);
printList(L);
//清空
L.clear();
printList(L);
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
1.11.6 list数据存取
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<list>
#include<string>
//list容器 数据存取
void printList(const list<int>& L)
{
for (list<int>::const_iterator it = L.begin(); it != L.end(); it++)
{
cout << *it << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
void test01()
{
list<int>L1;
L1.push_back(10);
L1.push_back(20);
L1.push_back(30);
L1.push_back(40);
//L1[0] 不可以用[]访问list容器中的元素
//L1.at(0) 不可以用at方式访问list容器中的元素
//原因是list本质链表,不是用连续线性空间存储数据,迭代器也不是不支持随机访问的
cout << "第一个元素为:" << L1.front() << endl;
cout << "最后一个元素为:" << L1.back() << endl;
//验证迭代器是不支持随机访问的
list<int>::iterator it = L1.begin();
it++;//支持双向
it--;
//it=it+1;//不支持随机访问
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
1.11.7 list 反转和排序
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<list>
#include<string>
//list容器反转和排序
void printList(const list<int>& L)
{
for (list<int>::const_iterator it = L.begin(); it != L.end(); it++)
{
cout << *it << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
void test01()
{
//反转
list<int>L1;
L1.push_back(20);
L1.push_back(10);
L1.push_back(50);
L1.push_back(40);
L1.push_back(30);
cout << "反转前:" << endl;
printList(L1);
L1.reverse();
cout << "反转后:" << endl;
printList(L1);
}
bool myCompare(int v1, int v2)
{
return v1 > v2;
}
//排序
void test02()
{
list<int>L1;
L1.push_back(20);
L1.push_back(10);
L1.push_back(50);
L1.push_back(40);
L1.push_back(30);
//排序
cout << "排序前:" << endl;
printList(L1);
//所有不支持随机访问迭代器的容器,不可以用标准算法
//不支持随机访问迭代器的容器,内部会提供对应一些算法
//sort(L1.begin(),L1.end());
L1.sort();//默认排序规则 从小到大 升序
cout << "排序后:" << endl;
printList(L1);
L1.sort(myCompare);
printList(L1);
}
int main()
{
test01();
test02();
return 0;
}
1.11.8 排序案例
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<list>
#include<string>
//list容器 排序案例 对于自定义数据类型 做排序
//按照年龄进行升序,如果年龄相同按照身高进行降序
class Person
{
public:
Person(string name, int age, int height)
{
this->m_Name = name;
this->m_Age = age;
this->m_Height = height;
}
string m_Name;//姓名
int m_Age;//年龄
int m_Height;//身高
};
//指定排序规则
bool comparePerson(Person& p1, Person& p2)
{
//按照年龄 升序
if (p1.m_Age == p2.m_Age)
{
//年龄相同 按照身高降序
return p1.m_Height > p2.m_Height;
}
return p1.m_Age < p2.m_Age;
}
void test01()
{
list<Person>L;//创建容器
//准备数据
Person p1("刘备", 35, 175);
Person p2("曹操", 45, 180);
Person p3("孙权", 40, 170);
Person p4("赵云", 25, 190);
Person p5("张飞", 35, 160);
Person p6("关羽", 35, 200);
//插入数据
L.push_back(p1);
L.push_back(p2);
L.push_back(p3);
L.push_back(p4);
L.push_back(p5);
L.push_back(p6);
for (list<Person>::iterator it = L.begin(); it != L.end(); it++)
{
cout << "姓名:" << (*it).m_Name << " 年龄:" << it->m_Age << " 身高:" << it->m_Height << endl;
}
//排序
cout << "-----------------------------" << endl;
cout << "排序后:" << endl;
L.sort(comparePerson);//排序
for (list<Person>::iterator it = L.begin(); it != L.end(); it++)
{
cout << "姓名:" << (*it).m_Name << " 年龄:" << it->m_Age << " 身高:" << it->m_Height << endl;
}
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
1.12 set/multiset容器
1.12.1 set基本概念
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string>
#include<set>
//set容器构造和赋值
void printSet(set<int>& s)
{
for (set<int>::iterator it = s.begin(); it != s.end();it++)
{
cout << *it << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
void test01()
{
set<int>s1;
//插入数据 只有insert方式
s1.insert(10);
s1.insert(40);
s1.insert(30);
s1.insert(20);
s1.insert(30);
s1.insert(30);
//遍历容器
//set容器特点 :所有元素插入时候自动被排序
//set容器不允许插入重复值
printSet(s1);
//拷贝构造
set<int>s2(s1);
printSet(s2);
//赋值
set<int>s3;
s3 = s2;
printSet(s3);
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
1.12.2 set大小和交换
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string>
#include<set>
//set容器 大小和交换
void printSet(set<int>& s)
{
for (set<int>::iterator it = s.begin(); it != s.end();it++)
{
cout << *it << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
//大小
void test01()
{
set<int>s1;
s1.insert(10);
s1.insert(30);
s1.insert(20);
s1.insert(40);
//打印容器
printSet(s1);
//判断是否为空
if (s1.empty())
{
cout << "s1为空" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "s1不为空" << endl;
cout << "s1的大小为:" << s1.size() << endl;
}
}
//交换
void test02()
{
set<int>s1;
//插入数据
s1.insert(10);
s1.insert(30);
s1.insert(20);
s1.insert(40);
set<int>s2;
//插入数据
s2.insert(100);
s2.insert(300);
s2.insert(200);
s2.insert(400);
cout << "交换前:" << endl;
printSet(s1);
printSet(s2);
cout << "交换后:" << endl;
s1.swap(s2);
printSet(s1);
printSet(s2);
}
int main()
{
test01();
test02();
return 0;
}
1.12.3 set插入和删除
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string>
#include<set>
//set容器 插入和删除
void printSet(set<int>& s)
{
for (set<int>::iterator it = s.begin(); it != s.end();it++)
{
cout << *it << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
void test01()
{
set<int>s1;
//插入
s1.insert(10);
s1.insert(30);
s1.insert(20);
s1.insert(40);
//遍历
printSet(s1);
//删除
s1.erase(s1.begin());
printSet(s1);
//删除重载版本
s1.erase(30);
printSet(s1);
//清空
//s1.erase(s1.begin(), s1.end());
s1.clear();
printSet(s1);
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
1.12.4 set查找和统计
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string>
#include<set>
//set容器 查找和统计
void printSet(set<int>& s)
{
for (set<int>::iterator it = s.begin(); it != s.end();it++)
{
cout << *it << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
void test01()
{
//查找
set<int>s1;
//插入数据
s1.insert(10);
s1.insert(20);
s1.insert(30);
s1.insert(40);
set<int>::iterator pos = s1.find(30);
if (pos != s1.end())
{
cout << "找到元素:" << *pos << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "未找到元素" << endl;
}
}
void test02()
{
//查找
set<int>s1;
//插入数据
s1.insert(10);
s1.insert(20);
s1.insert(30);
s1.insert(40);
s1.insert(30);
s1.insert(30);
//统计30的个数
int num = s1.count(30);
//对于set而言 统计结果 要么是0 要么是1
cout << "num=" << num << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
test02();
return 0;
}
1.12.5 set和multiset区别
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string>
#include<set>
//set容器 和 multiset容器区别
void printSet(set<int>& s)
{
for (set<int>::iterator it = s.begin(); it != s.end();it++)
{
cout << *it << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
void test01()
{
set<int>s;
pair<set<int>::iterator, bool> ret = s.insert(10);
if (ret.second)
{
cout << "第一次插入成功" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "第一次插入失败" << endl;
}
ret = s.insert(10);
if (ret.second)
{
cout << "第一次插入成功" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "第一次插入失败" << endl;
}
multiset<int>ms;
//允许插入重复值
ms.insert(10);
ms.insert(10);
ms.insert(10);
ms.insert(10);
for (multiset<int>::iterator it = ms.begin(); it != ms.end(); it++)
{
cout << *it << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
1.12.5 pair对组创建
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string>
#include<set>
//pair对组的创建
void test01()
{
//第一种方式
pair<string, int>p("Tom", 20);
cout << "姓名:" << p.first << "年龄:" << p.second << endl;
//第二种方式
pair<string, int>p2 = make_pair("Jerry", 30);
cout << "姓名:" << p2.first << "年龄:" << p2.second << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
1.12.6 set容器排序
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string>
#include<set>
//set容器排序
class MyCompare
{
public:
bool operator()(int v1, int v2)const
{
return v1 > v2;
}
};
void test01()
{
set<int>s1;
s1.insert(10);
s1.insert(40);
s1.insert(20);
s1.insert(30);
for(set<int>::iterator it = s1.begin(); it != s1.end(); it++)
{
cout << *it << " ";
}
cout << endl;
//指定排序规则为从大到小
set<int, MyCompare>s2;
s2.insert(10);
s2.insert(40);
s2.insert(20);
s2.insert(50);
s2.insert(30);
for (set<int, MyCompare>::iterator it = s2.begin(); it!= s2.end(); it++)
{
cout << *it << " " ;
}
cout << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string>
#include<set>
//set容器排序 ,存放自定义数据类型
class Person
{
public:
Person(string name, int age)
{
this->m_Name = name;
this->m_Age = age;
}
string m_Name;
int m_Age;
};
class comparePerson
{
public:
bool operator()(const Person& p1, const Person& p2)const
{
//按照年龄 降序
return p1.m_Age > p2.m_Age;
}
};
void test01()
{
//自定义数据类型 都会指定排序规则
set<Person,comparePerson>s;
//创建Person对象
Person p1("刘备", 24);
Person p2("关羽", 28);
Person p3("张飞", 25);
Person p4("赵云", 21);
s.insert(p1);
s.insert(p2);
s.insert(p3);
s.insert(p4);
for (set<Person,comparePerson>::iterator it = s.begin(); it != s.end(); it++)
{
cout << "姓名:" << it->m_Name << "年龄:" << it->m_Age << endl;
}
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
1.13 map/multimap容器
1.13.1 map基本概念
1.13.2 map构造和赋值
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string>
#include<map>
//map容器 构造和赋值
void printMap( map<int, int>& m)
{
for (map<int, int>::iterator it = m.begin(); it != m.end(); it++)
{
cout << " key=" << (*it).first << " value=" << it->second << endl;
}
cout << endl;
}
void test01()
{
//创建map容器
map<int, int>m;
m.insert(pair<int, int>(1, 10));
m.insert(pair<int, int>(2, 20));
m.insert(pair<int, int>(3, 30));
m.insert(pair<int, int>(4, 40));
printMap(m);
//拷贝构造
map<int, int>m2(m);
printMap(m2);
//赋值
map<int, int>m3;
m3 = m2;
printMap(m3);
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
1.13.3 map大小和交换
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string>
#include<map>
//map容器 大小和交换
void printMap( map<int, int>& m)
{
for (map<int, int>::iterator it = m.begin(); it != m.end(); it++)
{
cout << " key=" << (*it).first << " value=" << it->second << endl;
}
cout << endl;
}
//大小
void test01()
{
map<int, int>m;
m.insert(pair<int, int>(1, 10));
m.insert(pair<int, int>(2, 20));
m.insert(pair<int, int>(3, 30));
m.insert(pair<int, int>(4, 40));
if (m.empty())
{
cout << "m为空" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "m不为空" << endl;
cout << "m的大小为:" << m.size() << endl;
}
}
//交换
void test02()
{
map<int, int>m;
m.insert(pair<int, int>(1, 10));
m.insert(pair<int, int>(2, 20));
m.insert(pair<int, int>(3, 30));
map<int, int>m2;
m2.insert(pair<int, int>(4, 100));
m2.insert(pair<int, int>(5, 200));
m2.insert(pair<int, int>(6, 300));
cout << "交换前:" << endl;
printMap(m);
printMap(m2);
cout << "交换后:" << endl;
printMap(m);
printMap(m2);
}
int main()
{
test01();
test02();
return 0;
}
1.13.4 map插入和删除
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string>
#include<map>
//map容器 插入和删除
void printMap( map<int, int>& m)
{
for (map<int, int>::iterator it = m.begin(); it != m.end(); it++)
{
cout << " key=" << (*it).first << " value=" << it->second << endl;
}
cout << endl;
}
void test01()
{
map<int, int>m;
//插入
//第一种
m.insert(pair<int, int>(1, 10));
//第二种
m.insert(make_pair(2, 20));
//第三种
m.insert(map<int, int>::value_type(3, 30));
//第四种
m[4] = 40;
//[]不建议插入,用途 可以利用key访问到value
//cout << m[4] << endl;
printMap(m);
//删除
m.erase(m.begin());
printMap(m);
m.erase(3);//按照key删除
printMap(m);
//清空
//m.erase(m.begin(), m.end());
m.clear();
printMap(m);
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
1.13.5 map查找和统计
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string>
#include<map>
//map容器 查找和统计
void printMap( map<int, int>& m)
{
for (map<int, int>::iterator it = m.begin(); it != m.end(); it++)
{
cout << " key=" << (*it).first << " value=" << it->second << endl;
}
cout << endl;
}
void test01()
{
//查找
map<int, int>m;
m.insert(pair<int, int>(1, 10));
m.insert(pair<int, int>(2, 20));
m.insert(pair<int, int>(3, 30));
map<int, int>::iterator pos = m.find(3);
if (pos != m.end())
{
cout << "查到了元素key=" << (*pos).first << "value=" << pos->second << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "未找到元素" << endl;
}
//统计
//map不允许插入重复key 元素,count统计而言 结果要么是0 要么是1
//multimap的count统计可能大于1
int num=m.count(3);
cout << "num=" << num << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
1.13.6 map容器排序
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string>
#include<map>
//map容器 排序
class MyCompare
{
public:
bool operator()(int v1, int v2)const
{
//降序
return v1 > v2;
}
};
void test01()
{
map<int, int,MyCompare>m;
m.insert(pair<int, int>(1, 10));
m.insert(pair<int, int>(2, 20));
m.insert(pair<int, int>(3, 30));
m.insert(make_pair(4, 40));
m.insert(make_pair(5, 50));
for (map<int, int>::iterator it = m.begin(); it != m.end(); it++)
{
cout << "key=" << it->first << " value=" << it->second << endl;
}
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
1.14 案例
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string>
#include<vector>
#include<map>
#include<ctime>
#define CEHUA 0
#define MEISU 1
#define YANFA 2
class Worker
{
public:
string m_Name;
int m_Salary;
};
void createWorker(vector<Worker>& v)
{
string nameSeed = "ABCDEFGHIJ";
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
Worker worker;
worker.m_Name = "员工";
worker.m_Name += nameSeed[i];
worker.m_Salary = rand() % 10000 + 10000;//10000~19999
//将员工放入到容器中
v.push_back(worker);
}
}
//员工分组
void setGroup(vector<Worker>& v, multimap<int, Worker>& m)
{
for (vector<Worker>::iterator it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); it++)
{
//产生随机部门编号
int depId = rand() % 3;//0 1 2
//将员工插入到分组中
m.insert(make_pair(depId, *it));
}
}
void showWorkerByGourp(multimap<int,Worker>&m)
{
//0 A B C 1 D E F 2 F G ..
cout << "策划部门:" << endl;
multimap<int,Worker>:: iterator pos=m.find(CEHUA);
int count = m.count(CEHUA);//统计具体人数
int index = 0;
for (; pos != m.end() && index < count; pos++, index++)
{
cout << "姓名:" << pos->second.m_Name << " 工资:" << pos->second.m_Salary << endl;
}
cout << "-------------------------------" << endl;
cout << "美术部门:" << endl;
pos = m.find(MEISU);
count = m.count(MEISU);//统计具体人数
index = 0;
for (; pos != m.end() && index < count; pos++, index++)
{
cout << "姓名:" << pos->second.m_Name << " 工资:" << pos->second.m_Salary << endl;
}
cout << "-------------------------------" << endl;
cout << "研发部门:" << endl;
pos = m.find(YANFA);
count = m.count(YANFA);//统计具体人数
index = 0;
for (; pos != m.end() && index < count; pos++, index++)
{
cout << "姓名:" << pos->second.m_Name << " 工资:" << pos->second.m_Salary << endl;
}
}
int main()
{
srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));
//1、创建员工
vector<Worker>vWorker;
createWorker(vWorker);
//2、员工分组
multimap<int, Worker>mWorker;
setGroup(vWorker, mWorker);
//3、分组显示员工
showWorkerByGourp(mWorker);
测试
//for (vector<Worker>::iterator it = vworker.begin(); it != vworker.end(); it++)
//{
// cout << " 姓名:" << it->m_Name << " 工资:" << it->m_Salary << endl;
//}
return 0;
}
2 STL-函数对象
2.1 函数对象
2.1.1 函数对象概念
2.1.2 函数对象使用
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string>
//函数对象(仿函数)
class MyAdd
{
public:
int operator()(int v1, int v2)
{
return v1 + v2;
}
};
//1、函数对象在使用时,可以像普通函数那样调用,可以有参数,可以有返回值
void test01()
{
MyAdd myadd;
cout << myadd(10, 10) << endl;
}
//2、函数对象超出普通函数的概念,函数对象可以有自己的状态
class MyPrint
{
public:
MyPrint()
{
this->count = 0;
}
void operator()(string test)
{
cout << test << endl;
this->count++;
}
int count;//内部自己状态
};
void test02()
{
MyPrint myPrint;
myPrint("hello world");
myPrint("hello world");
myPrint("hello world");
myPrint("hello world");
cout << "myPrint调用次数为:" << myPrint.count << endl;
}
//3、函数对象可以作为参数传递
void doPrint(MyPrint& mp, string test)
{
mp(test);
}
void test03()
{
MyPrint myPrint;
doPrint(myPrint, "Hello c++");
}
int main()
{
test01();
test02();
test03();
return 0;
}
2.2 谓词
2.2.1谓词概念
2.2.2 一元谓词
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
//仿函数 返回值类型是bool数据类型,称为谓词
//一元谓词
class GreaterFive
{
public:
bool operator()(int val)
{
return val > 5;
}
};
void test01()
{
vector<int>v;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
v.push_back(i);
}
//查找容器中 有没有大于5的数字
//GreaterFive() 匿名函数对象
vector<int>::iterator it= find_if(v.begin(), v.end(), GreaterFive());
if (it == v.end())
{
cout << "未找到" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "找到了大于5的数字为:" << *it << endl;
}
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
2.2.3 二元谓词
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
//二元谓词
class MyCompare
{
public:
bool operator()(int val1, int val2)
{
return val1 > val2;
}
};
void test01()
{
vector<int>v;
v.push_back(10);
v.push_back(40);
v.push_back(20);
v.push_back(30);
v.push_back(50);
sort(v.begin(), v.end());
for (vector<int>::iterator it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); it++)
{
cout << *it <<" ";
}
cout << endl;
//使用函数对象 改变算法策略 ,变为排序规则为从大到小
sort(v.begin(), v.end(), MyCompare());
for (vector<int>::iterator it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); it++)
{
cout << *it << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
2.3 内键函数对象
2.3.1 内键函数对象意义
2.3.2 算术仿函数
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<functional> //内建函数对象头文件
//内键函数对象 算术仿函数
//negate 一元仿函数 取反仿函数
void test01()
{
negate<int>n;
cout << n(50) << endl;
}
//plus 二元仿函数 加法
void test02()
{
plus<int>p;
cout << p(10, 20) << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
test02();
return 0;
}
2.3.3 关系仿函数
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<functional> //内建函数对象头文件
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
#include<functional>
//内键函数对象 关系仿函数
//大于 greater
class MyCompare
{
public:
bool operator()(int v1, int v2)
{
return v1 > v2;
}
};
void test01()
{
vector<int>v;
v.push_back(10);
v.push_back(30);
v.push_back(40);
v.push_back(20);
v.push_back(50);
for (vector<int>::iterator it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); it++)
{
cout << *it << " ";
}
cout << endl;
//降序
//sort(v.begin(), v.end(), MyCompare());
//greater<int>() 内建函数对象
sort(v.begin(), v.end(), greater<int>());
for (vector<int>::iterator it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); it++)
{
cout << *it << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
3.3.4 逻辑仿函数
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<functional> //内建函数对象头文件
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
#include<functional>
//内建函数对象_逻辑仿函数
//逻辑非 logical_not
void test01()
{
vector<bool>v;
v.push_back(true);
v.push_back(false);
v.push_back(true);
v.push_back(false);
for (vector<bool>::iterator it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); it++)
{
cout << *it << " ";
}
cout << endl;
//利用逻辑非,将容器v搬运到 容器v2中,并执行取反操作
vector<bool>v2;
v2.resize(v.size());
transform(v.begin(), v.end(), v2.begin(), logical_not<bool>());
for (vector<bool>::iterator it = v2.begin(); it != v2.end(); it++)
{
cout << *it << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
4 STL-算法
4.1 常用遍历算法
4.1.1 for_each
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<functional>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
#include<functional>
//常用遍历算法 for_each
//普通函数
void print01(int val)
{
cout << val << " ";
}
//仿函数
class print02
{
public:
void operator()(int val)
{
cout << val << " ";
}
};
void test01()
{
vector<int>v;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
v.push_back(i);
}
for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), print01);
cout << endl;
for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), print02());
cout << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
4.1.2 transform
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<functional>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
#include<functional>
//常用遍历算法 transform
class Transform
{
public:
int operator()(int v)
{
return v;
}
};
class MyPrint
{
public:
void operator()(int val)
{
cout << val << " ";
}
};
void test01()
{
vector<int>v;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
v.push_back(i);
}
vector<int>vTagrget;//目标容器
vTagrget.resize(v.size());//目标容器 需要提前开辟空间
transform(v.begin(), v.end(), vTagrget.begin(), Transform());
for_each(vTagrget.begin(), vTagrget.end(), MyPrint());
cout << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
4.2 常用查找算法
4.2.1 find
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
#include<string>
//常用查找算法
//find
//查找 内置数据类型
void test01()
{
vector<int>v;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
v.push_back(i);
}
//查找 容器中 是否有 5 这个元素
vector<int>::iterator it = find(v.begin(), v.end(), 5);
if (it == v.end())
{
cout << "没有找到!" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "找到:" << *it << endl;
}
}
class Person
{
public:
Person(string name, int age)
{
this->m_Name = name;
this->m_Age = age;
}
//重载 == 底层find知道如何对比person数据类型
bool operator==(const Person& p)
{
if (this->m_Name == p.m_Name && this->m_Age == p.m_Age)
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
string m_Name;
int m_Age;
};
//查找 自定义数据类型
void test02()
{
vector<Person>v;
//创建数据
Person p1("aaa", 10);
Person p2("bbb", 20);
Person p3("ccc", 30);
Person p4("ddd", 40);
//放入到容器中
v.push_back(p1);
v.push_back(p2);
v.push_back(p3);
v.push_back(p4);
Person pp("bbb", 20);
vector<Person>::iterator it = find(v.begin(), v.end(), pp);
if (it == v.end())
{
cout << "没有找到" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "找到元素 姓名:" << it->m_Name << " 年龄:" << it->m_Age << endl;
}
}
int main()
{
test01();
test02();
return 0;
}
4.2.2 find_if
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
#include<string>
//常用查找算法 find_if
//1、查找内置数据类型
class GreaterFive
{
public:
bool operator()(int val)
{
return val > 5;
}
};
void test01()
{
vector<int>v;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
v.push_back(i);
}
vector<int>::iterator it= find_if(v.begin(), v.end(), GreaterFive());
if (it == v.end())
{
cout << "没有找到" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "找到大于5的数字为:" << *it << endl;
}
}
//2、查找自定义数据类型
class Person
{
public:
Person(string name,int age)
{
this->m_Name = name;
this->m_Age = age;
}
string m_Name;
int m_Age;
};
class Greater20
{
public:
bool operator()(Person& p)
{
return p.m_Age > 20;
}
};
void test02()
{
vector<Person>v;
//创建数据
Person p1("aaa", 10);
Person p2("bbb", 20);
Person p3("ccc", 30);
Person p4("ddd", 40);
v.push_back(p1);
v.push_back(p2);
v.push_back(p3);
v.push_back(p4);
//找年龄大于20的人
vector<Person>::iterator it= find_if(v.begin(), v.end(), Greater20());
if (it == v.end())
{
cout << "没有找到" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "找到姓名:" << it->m_Name << "年龄" << it->m_Age << endl;
}
}
int main()
{
test01();
test02();
return 0;
}
4.2.2 adjacent_find
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
#include<string>
//常用查找算法 adjacent_find
void test01()
{
vector<int>v;
v.push_back(0);
v.push_back(2);
v.push_back(0);
v.push_back(3);
v.push_back(1);
v.push_back(4);
v.push_back(3);
v.push_back(3);
vector<int>::iterator pos= adjacent_find(v.begin(), v.end());
if (pos == v.end())
{
cout << "未找到相邻重复元素" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "找到相邻重复元素:" << *pos << endl;
}
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
4.2.4 binary_search
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
#include<string>
//常用查找算法 binary_search
void test01()
{
vector<int>v;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
v.push_back(i);
}
//查找容器中是否有9元素
//注意:容器必须是有序的序列
bool ret= binary_search(v.begin(), v.end(), 9);
if (ret)
{
cout << "找到了元素" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "未找到" << endl;
}
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
4.2.5 count
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
#include<string>
//常用查找算法 count
//1、统计内置数据类型
void test01()
{
vector<int>v;
v.push_back(10);
v.push_back(40);
v.push_back(30);
v.push_back(40);
v.push_back(20);
v.push_back(40);
int num = count(v.begin(), v.end(), 40);
cout << "40的元素个数为:" << num << endl;
}
//2、统计自定义数据类型
class Person
{
public:
Person(string name, int age)
{
this->m_Name = name;
this->m_Age = age;
}
bool operator==(const Person& p)
{
if (this->m_Age == p.m_Age)
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
string m_Name;
int m_Age;
};
void test02()
{
vector<Person>v;
Person p1("刘备", 35);
Person p2("关羽", 35);
Person p3("张飞", 35);
Person p4("赵云", 30);
Person p5("曹操", 40);
//将人员插入到容器中
v.push_back(p1);
v.push_back(p2);
v.push_back(p3);
v.push_back(p4);
v.push_back(p5);
Person p("诸葛亮", 35);
int num=count(v.begin(), v.end(), p);
cout << "和诸葛亮同岁数的人员个数为:" << num << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
test02();
return 0;
}
4.2.6 count_if
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
#include<string>
//常用查找算法 count_if
//1、统计内置数据类型
class Greater20
{
public:
bool operator()(int val)
{
return val > 20;
}
};
void test01()
{
vector<int>v;
v.push_back(10);
v.push_back(40);
v.push_back(30);
v.push_back(40);
v.push_back(20);
v.push_back(40);
int num = count_if(v.begin(), v.end(), Greater20());
cout << "大于20的元素个数为:" << num << endl;
}
//2、统计自定义数据类型
class Person
{
public:
Person(string name, int age)
{
this->m_Name = name;
this->m_Age = age;
}
string m_Name;
int m_Age;
};
class AgeGreater20
{
public:
bool operator()(const Person& p)
{
return p.m_Age > 20;
}
};
void test02()
{
vector<Person>v;
Person p1("刘备", 35);
Person p2("关羽", 35);
Person p3("张飞", 35);
Person p4("赵云", 30);
Person p5("曹操", 40);
//将人员插入到容器中
v.push_back(p1);
v.push_back(p2);
v.push_back(p3);
v.push_back(p4);
v.push_back(p5);
Person p("诸葛亮", 35);
int num=count_if(v.begin(), v.end(), AgeGreater20());
cout << "和诸葛亮同岁数的人员个数为:" << num << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
test02();
return 0;
}
4.3 常用排序算法
4.3.1 sort
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
#include<string>
//常用排序算法 sort
void myPrint(int val)
{
cout << val << " ";
}
void test01()
{
vector<int>v;
v.push_back(10);
v.push_back(40);
v.push_back(30);;
v.push_back(20);
v.push_back(50);
//利用sort进行升序
sort(v.begin(), v.end());
for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), myPrint);
cout << endl;
//改变为降序
sort(v.begin(), v.end(), greater<int>());
for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), myPrint);
cout << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
4.3.2 random_shuffle
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
#include<ctime>
//常用排序算法 random_shuffle
void myPrint(int val)
{
cout << val << " ";
}
void test01()
{
srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));
vector<int>v;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
v.push_back(i);
}
//利用洗牌 算法 打乱顺序
random_shuffle(v.begin(), v.end());
for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), myPrint);
cout << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
4.3.3 merge
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
void myPrint(int val)
{
cout << val << " ";
}
//常用排序算法 merge
void test01()
{
vector<int>v1;
vector<int>v2;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
v1.push_back(i);
v2.push_back(i + 1);
}
//目标容器
vector<int>vTarget;
//提前给目标容器分配空间
vTarget.resize(v1.size() + v2.size());
merge(v1.begin(), v1.end(), v2.begin(), v2.end(), vTarget.begin());
for_each(vTarget.begin(), vTarget.end(), myPrint);
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
4.3.4 reverse
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
void myPrint(int val)
{
cout << val << " ";
}
void test01()
{
vector<int>v;
v.push_back(10);
v.push_back(30);
v.push_back(50);
v.push_back(20);
v.push_back(40);
cout << "反转前:" << endl;
for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), myPrint);
cout << endl;
cout << "反转后:" << endl;
reverse(v.begin(), v.end());
for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), myPrint);
cout << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
4.4 常用拷贝和替换算法
4.4.1 copy
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
//常用拷贝和替换算法 copy
void myPrint(int val)
{
cout << val << " ";
}
void test01()
{
vector<int>v1;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
v1.push_back(i);
}
vector<int>v2;
v2.resize(v1.size());
copy(v1.begin(), v1.end(), v2.begin());
for_each(v2.begin(), v2.end(), myPrint);
cout << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
4.4.2 replace
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
//常用拷贝和替换算法 replace
class myPrint
{
public:
void operator()(int val)
{
cout << val << " ";
}
};
void test01()
{
vector<int>v;
v.push_back(20);
v.push_back(30);
v.push_back(50);
v.push_back(30);
v.push_back(40);
v.push_back(20);
v.push_back(10);
v.push_back(20);
cout << "替换前:" << endl;
for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), myPrint());
cout << endl;
//将20替换 2000
replace(v.begin(), v.end(), 20, 2000);
cout << "替换后:" << endl;
for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), myPrint());
cout << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
4.4.3 replace_if
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
//常用拷贝和替换算法 replace_if
class MyPrint
{
public:
void operator()(int val)
{
cout << val << " ";
}
};
class Greater30
{
public:
bool operator()(int val)
{
return val >= 30;
}
};
void test01()
{
vector<int>v;
v.push_back(10);
v.push_back(40);
v.push_back(20);
v.push_back(30);
v.push_back(50);
v.push_back(20);
v.push_back(30);
cout << "替换前:" << endl;
for_each(v.begin(), v.end(),MyPrint());
//将大于等于30 替换为3000
replace_if(v.begin(), v.end(), Greater30(), 3000);
cout << "替换后:" << endl;
for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), MyPrint());
cout << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
4.4.4 swap
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
//常用拷贝和替换算法 swap
void myPrint(int val)
{
cout << val<<" ";
}
void test01()
{
vector<int>v1;
vector<int>v2;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
v1.push_back(i);
v2.push_back(i + 100);
}
cout << "交换前:" << endl;
for_each(v1.begin(), v1.end(), myPrint);
for_each(v2.begin(), v2.end(), myPrint);
cout << endl;
cout << "----------------------" << endl;
swap(v1, v2);
cout << "交换前:" << endl;
for_each(v1.begin(), v1.end(), myPrint);
for_each(v2.begin(), v2.end(), myPrint);
cout << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
4.5 常用算术生成算法
4.5.1 accumulate
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<numeric>
//常用算术生成算法
void test01()
{
vector<int>v;
for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++)
{
v.push_back(i);
}
//参数3 起始累加值
int total=accumulate(v.begin(), v.end(), 0);
cout << "total=" << total << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
4.5.2 fill
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<numeric>
#include<algorithm>
//常用算术生成算法 fill
void myPrint(int val)
{
cout << val << " ";
}
void test01()
{
vector<int>v;
v.resize(10);
//后期重新填充
fill(v.begin(), v.end(), 100);
for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), myPrint);
cout << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
4.6 常用集合算法
4.6.1 set_intersection
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
//常用集合算法 set_intersection
void myPrint(int val)
{
cout << val << " ";
}
void test01()
{
vector<int>v1;
vector<int>v2;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
v1.push_back(i);//0~9
v2.push_back(i + 5);//5~14
}
vector<int>vTarget;
//目标容器需要提前开辟空间
//最特殊情况 大容器包含小容器 开辟空间 取小容器的size即可
vTarget.resize(min(v1.size(), v2.size()));
//获取交集
vector<int>:: iterator itEnd= set_intersection(v1.begin(), v1.end(), v2.begin(), v2.end(), vTarget.begin());
for_each(vTarget.begin(), itEnd, myPrint);
cout << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
4.6.2 set_union
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
//常用集合算法 set_union
void myPrint(int val)
{
cout << val << " ";
}
void test01()
{
vector<int>v1;
vector<int>v2;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
v1.push_back(i);//0~9
v2.push_back(i + 5);//5~14
}
vector<int>vTarget;
//目标容器提前开辟空间
//最特殊的情况 俩个容器没有交集,并集就是俩个容器size相加
vTarget.resize(v1.size() + v2.size());
vector<int>::iterator itEnd= set_union(v1.begin(), v1.end(), v2.begin(), v2.end(), vTarget.begin());
for_each(vTarget.begin(), itEnd, myPrint);
cout << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
4.6.3 set_difference
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
//常用集合算法 set_difference
void myPrint(int val)
{
cout << val << " ";
}
void test01()
{
vector<int>v1;
vector<int>v2;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
v1.push_back(i);//0~9
v2.push_back(i + 5);//5~14
}
vector<int>vTarget;
//目标容器提前开辟空间
//最特殊的情况 俩个容器没有交集,取两个容器中大的size作为目标容器开辟空间
vTarget.resize(max(v1.size() ,v2.size()));
cout << "v1和v2的差集为:" << endl;
vector<int>::iterator itEnd= set_difference(v1.begin(), v1.end(), v2.begin(), v2.end(), vTarget.begin());
for_each(vTarget.begin(), itEnd, myPrint);
cout << endl;
cout << "v2和v1的差集为:" << endl;
itEnd = set_difference(v2.begin(), v2.end(), v1.begin(), v1.end(), vTarget.begin());
for_each(vTarget.begin(), itEnd, myPrint);
cout << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}