在Linux下安装Python、iPython、Jupyter Notebook

下载Python源码

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.11/Python-3.7.11.tgz

解压缩

tar -zxvf https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.11/Python-3.7.11.tgz -C 目标路径

安装C编译器

yum install gcc
如果不安装，./configure会报错：configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH

安装zlib相关库

注意要加*，不能只安装zlib
yum install zlib*
zlib.i686 1.2.7-19.el7_9 updates
zlib-devel.i686 1.2.7-19.el7_9 updates
zlib-devel.x86_64 1.2.7-19.el7_9 updates
zlib-static.i686 1.2.7-19.el7_9 updates
zlib-static.x86_64
如果不安装，会报错：zipimport.ZipImportError: can’t decompress data; zlib not available

安装SSL模块

yum install -y openssl-devel
如果不安装，pip安装模块时会提示：the SSL module is not available

安装libffi-devel

yum install libffi-devel
如果不安装，在启动jupyter notebook时会提示：ModuleNotFoundError: No module named ‘_ctypes’

安装sqlite

yum install sqlite*
如果不安装，在启动jupyter notebook时会提示：ModuleNotFoundError: No module named ‘_sqlite3’

编译Python源码

./configure
make && make install

更新pip

python3.7 -m pip install --upgrade pip

安装Jupyter

pip3.7 install jupyter
不必单独安装ipython（一个更好用的python shell，用ipython进入，支持代码补齐），安装jupyter时会一起安装。

配置Jupyter远程登录

[root@localhost ~]# jupyter notebook --generate-config
Writing default config to: /root/.jupyter/jupyter_notebook_config.py

[root@localhost ~]# ipython
Python 3.7.11 (default, Nov 29 2021, 17:23:53) 
Type 'copyright', 'credits' or 'license' for more information
IPython 7.30.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. Type '?' for help.
In [1]: from notebook.auth import passwd
In [2]: passwd()
Enter password:    # 这里输入的密码，之后在web登录notebook时要录入，可以直接回车不设置
Verify password: 
Out[2]: 'argon2:$argon2id$v=19$m=10240,t=10,p=8$OFZ4/FTP688J02UlsKXMUQ$HVi1TY981x4727hMXzAtTg'
[2]+  已停止               ipython

[root@localhost ~]# vim /root/.jupyter/jupyter_notebook_config.py
c.NotebookApp.ip = '*' #设置远程所有ip可访问
c.NotebookApp.password = u'argon2:$argon2id$v=19$m=10240,t=10,p=8$OFZ4/FTP688J02UlsKXMUQ$HVi1TY981x4727hMXzAtTg'#把刚刚复制的密码粘
贴
c.NotebookApp.open_browser = False   #关闭浏览器
c.NotebookApp.port = 9999  #选一个可用的端口

关闭防火墙

systemctl stop firewalld

启动jupyter服务

不建议以root身份运行。请使用 --allow-root 绕过。
jupyter notebook --allow-root

浏览器启动notebook

http://192.168.81.128:9999/
输入上面passwd()设定的密码