数据扩充增强便于深度学习时数据集不够的情况
1. 使用方法
1.1 首先修改文件夹位置
source_pic_root_path = r'D:\py\VOC\VOCdevkit\VOC2007\JPEGImages'
source_xml_root_path = r'D:\py\VOC\VOCdevkit\VOC2007\Annotations'
img_save_path = r'D:\py\VOC\VOCdevkit\VOC2007\saveimg' # 新的图片文件
save_dir = r'D:\py\VOC\VOCdevkit\VOC2007\saveann' # 新的标注文件
1.2 修改变换数量例如一张图要变成n张
need_aug_num = 3 # TODO: 修改单张需要扩增的数据量 单张图片需要扩增的数量
1.3 选用形式
change_num = 0 # 改变的次数
print('------')
while change_num < 1: # 默认至少有一种数据增强生效
| 序号 | 类别 |
|---|---|
| 1 | 裁剪 |
| 2 | 旋转 |
| 3 | 平移 |
| 4 | 亮度 |
| 5 | 噪声 |
| 6 | hsv增强 |
| 7 | 亮度 |
| 8 | cutout |
| 9 | 上下左右翻转 |
2. 完整代码
# -*- coding=utf-8 -*-
# 注意:
# random.seed(),相同的seed,产生的随机数是一样的!!
import sys
#
# ros_path = '/opt/ros/kinetic/lib/python2.7/dist-packages'
#
# if ros_path in sys.path:
# sys.path.remove(ros_path)
import cv2
import time
import random
import os
import math
import numpy as np
from skimage.util import random_noise
from skimage import exposure
# -*- coding=utf-8 -*-
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
# 从xml文件中提取bounding box信息, 格式为[[x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max, name]]
def parse_xml(xml_path):
'''
输入：
xml_path: xml的文件路径
输出：
从xml文件中提取bounding box信息, 格式为[[x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max, name]]
'''
tree = ET.parse(xml_path)
root = tree.getroot()
objs = root.findall('object')
coords = list()
for ix, obj in enumerate(objs):
name = obj.find('name').text
box = obj.find('bndbox')
x_min = int(float(box[0].text))
y_min = int(float(box[1].text))
x_max = int(float(box[2].text))
y_max = int(float(box[3].text))
coords.append([x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max, name])
return coords
import os
from lxml.etree import Element, SubElement, tostring
from PIL import Image
# 保存xml文件函数的核心实现，输入为图片名称image_name,分类category（一个列表，元素与bbox对应），bbox(一个列表，与分类对应)，保存路径save_dir ，通道数channel
def save_xml(path, image_name, category, bbox, file_dir, save_dir, channel=3):
file_path = file_dir
print(file_path)
img = Image.open(os.path.join(file_path, image_name))
width = img.size[0]
height = img.size[1]
node_root = Element('annotation')
node_folder = SubElement(node_root, 'folder')
node_folder.text = 'VOC2007'
node_filename = SubElement(node_root, 'filename')
node_filename.text = image_name
node_path = SubElement(node_root, 'path')
node_path.text = path
node_sourse = SubElement(node_root, 'sourse')
node_database = SubElement(node_sourse, 'database')
node_database.text = 'Unknown'
node_size = SubElement(node_root, 'size')
node_width = SubElement(node_size, 'width')
node_width.text = '%s' % width
node_height = SubElement(node_size, 'height')
node_height.text = '%s' % height
node_depth = SubElement(node_size, 'depth')
node_depth.text = '%s' % channel
node_seg = SubElement(node_root, 'segmented')
node_seg.text = '0'
for i in range(len(bbox)):
left, top, right, bottom = int(bbox[i][0]), int(bbox[i][1]), int(bbox[i][2]), int(bbox[i][3])
node_object = SubElement(node_root, 'object')
node_name = SubElement(node_object, 'name')
node_name.text = category[i]
node_pose = SubElement(node_object, 'pose')
node_pose.text = 'Unspecified'
node_truncated = SubElement(node_object, 'truncated')
node_truncated.text = '0'
node_difficult = SubElement(node_object, 'difficult')
node_difficult.text = '0'
node_bndbox = SubElement(node_object, 'bndbox')
node_xmin = SubElement(node_bndbox, 'xmin')
node_xmin.text = '%s' % left
node_ymin = SubElement(node_bndbox, 'ymin')
node_ymin.text = '%s' % top
node_xmax = SubElement(node_bndbox, 'xmax')
node_xmax.text = '%s' % right
node_ymax = SubElement(node_bndbox, 'ymax')
node_ymax.text = '%s' % bottom
xml = tostring(node_root, pretty_print=True)
save_xml = os.path.join(save_dir, image_name.replace('jpg', 'xml'))
with open(save_xml, 'wb') as f:
f.write(xml)
return
# 显示带标签显示的图片
def show_pic(img, bboxes=None, labels=None):
'''
输入:
img:图像array
bboxes:图像的所有boudning box list, 格式为[[x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max]....]
names:每个box对应的名称
'''
# cv2.imwrite('./1.jpg', img)
# img = cv2.imread('./1.jpg')
img = img / 255
for i in range(len(bboxes)):
bbox = bboxes[i]
x_min = bbox[0]
y_min = bbox[1]
x_max = bbox[2]
y_max = bbox[3]
cv2.rectangle(img, (int(x_min), int(y_min)), (int(x_max), int(y_max)), (0, 255, 0), 3)
cv2.putText(img, labels[i], (int(x_min), int(y_min)), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.8, (0, 0, 255), 2)
cv2.namedWindow('pic', 0) # 1表示原图
cv2.moveWindow('pic', 0, 0)
cv2.resizeWindow('pic', 1200, 800) # 可视化的图片大小
cv2.imshow('pic', img)
if cv2.waitKey(1) == ord('q'):
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
sys.exit()
# 图像均为cv2读取
class DataAugmentForObjectDetection():
def __init__(self, rotation_rate=0.5, max_rotation_angle=30,
crop_rate=0.5, shift_rate=0.5, change_light_rate=0.5,
add_noise_rate=0.5, flip_rate=0.5,
cutout_rate=0.5, cut_out_length=50, cut_out_holes=1, cut_out_threshold=0.5, hsv_rate=0.5):
self.rotation_rate = rotation_rate
self.max_rotation_angle = max_rotation_angle
self.crop_rate = crop_rate
self.shift_rate = shift_rate
self.change_light_rate = change_light_rate
self.add_noise_rate = add_noise_rate
self.flip_rate = flip_rate
self.cutout_rate = cutout_rate
self.augment_hsv_rate = hsv_rate
self.cut_out_length = cut_out_length
self.cut_out_holes = cut_out_holes
self.cut_out_threshold = cut_out_threshold
# 加噪声
def _addNoise(self, img):
'''
输入:
img:图像array
输出:
加噪声后的图像array,由于输出的像素是在[0,1]之间,所以得乘以255
'''
# random.seed(int(time.time()))
# return random_noise(img, mode='gaussian', seed=int(time.time()), clip=True)*255
return random_noise(img, mode='gaussian', clip=True) * 255
# 调整亮度
def _changeLight(self, img):
# random.seed(int(time.time()))
flag = random.uniform(0.5, 1.5) # flag>1为调暗,小于1为调亮
return exposure.adjust_gamma(img, flag)
def _augment_hsv(self, img, hgain=0.5, sgain=0.5, vgain=0.5):
r = np.random.uniform(-1, 1, 3) * [hgain, sgain, vgain] + 1 # random gains
hue, sat, val = cv2.split(cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2HSV))
dtype = img.dtype # uint8
x = np.arange(0, 256, dtype=r.dtype)
lut_hue = ((x * r[0]) % 180).astype(dtype)
lut_sat = np.clip(x * r[1], 0, 255).astype(dtype)
lut_val = np.clip(x * r[2], 0, 255).astype(dtype)
img_hsv = cv2.merge((cv2.LUT(hue, lut_hue), cv2.LUT(sat, lut_sat), cv2.LUT(val, lut_val)))
return cv2.cvtColor(img_hsv, cv2.COLOR_HSV2BGR, dst=img) # no return needed
# cutout
def _cutout(self, img, bboxes, length=100, n_holes=1, threshold=0.5):
'''
原版本：https://github.com/uoguelph-mlrg/Cutout/blob/master/util/cutout.py
Randomly mask out one or more patches from an image.
Args:
img : a 3D numpy array,(h,w,c)
bboxes : 框的坐标
n_holes (int): Number of patches to cut out of each image.
length (int): The length (in pixels) of each square patch.
'''
def cal_iou(boxA, boxB):
'''
boxA, boxB为两个框，返回iou
boxB为bouding box
'''
# determine the (x, y)-coordinates of the intersection rectangle
xA = max(boxA[0], boxB[0])
yA = max(boxA[1], boxB[1])
xB = min(boxA[2], boxB[2])
yB = min(boxA[3], boxB[3])
if xB <= xA or yB <= yA:
return 0.0
# compute the area of intersection rectangle
interArea = (xB - xA + 1) * (yB - yA + 1)
# compute the area of both the prediction and ground-truth
# rectangles
boxAArea = (boxA[2] - boxA[0] + 1) * (boxA[3] - boxA[1] + 1)
boxBArea = (boxB[2] - boxB[0] + 1) * (boxB[3] - boxB[1] + 1)
# compute the intersection over union by taking the intersection
# area and dividing it by the sum of prediction + ground-truth
# areas - the interesection area
# iou = interArea / float(boxAArea + boxBArea - interArea)
iou = interArea / float(boxBArea)
# return the intersection over union value
return iou
# 得到h和w
if img.ndim == 3:
h, w, c = img.shape
else:
_, h, w, c = img.shape
mask = np.ones((h, w, c), np.float32)
for n in range(n_holes):
chongdie = True # 看切割的区域是否与box重叠太多
while chongdie:
y = np.random.randint(h)
x = np.random.randint(w)
y1 = np.clip(y - length // 2, 0,
h) # numpy.clip(a, a_min, a_max, out=None), clip这个函数将将数组中的元素限制在a_min, a_max之间，大于a_max的就使得它等于 a_max，小于a_min,的就使得它等于a_min
y2 = np.clip(y + length // 2, 0, h)
x1 = np.clip(x - length // 2, 0, w)
x2 = np.clip(x + length // 2, 0, w)
chongdie = False
for box in bboxes:
if cal_iou([x1, y1, x2, y2], box) > threshold:
chongdie = True
break
mask[y1: y2, x1: x2, :] = 0.
# mask = np.expand_dims(mask, axis=0)
img = img * mask
return img
# 旋转
def _rotate_img_bbox(self, img, bboxes, angle=5, scale=1.):
'''
参考:https://blog.csdn.net/u014540717/article/details/53301195crop_rate
输入:
img:图像array,(h,w,c)
bboxes:该图像包含的所有boundingboxs,一个list,每个元素为[x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max],要确保是数值
angle:旋转角度
scale:默认1
输出:
rot_img:旋转后的图像array
rot_bboxes:旋转后的boundingbox坐标list
'''
# ---------------------- 旋转图像 ----------------------
w = img.shape[1]
h = img.shape[0]
# 角度变弧度
rangle = np.deg2rad(angle) # angle in radians
# now calculate new image width and height
nw = (abs(np.sin(rangle) * h) + abs(np.cos(rangle) * w)) * scale
nh = (abs(np.cos(rangle) * h) + abs(np.sin(rangle) * w)) * scale
# ask OpenCV for the rotation matrix
rot_mat = cv2.getRotationMatrix2D((nw * 0.5, nh * 0.5), angle, scale)
# calculate the move from the old center to the new center combined
# with the rotation
rot_move = np.dot(rot_mat, np.array([(nw - w) * 0.5, (nh - h) * 0.5, 0]))
# the move only affects the translation, so update the translation
# part of the transform
rot_mat[0, 2] += rot_move[0]
rot_mat[1, 2] += rot_move[1]
# 仿射变换
rot_img = cv2.warpAffine(img, rot_mat, (int(math.ceil(nw)), int(math.ceil(nh))), flags=cv2.INTER_LANCZOS4)
# ---------------------- 矫正bbox坐标 ----------------------
# rot_mat是最终的旋转矩阵
# 获取原始bbox的四个中点，然后将这四个点转换到旋转后的坐标系下
rot_bboxes = list()
for bbox in bboxes:
xmin = bbox[0]
ymin = bbox[1]
xmax = bbox[2]
ymax = bbox[3]
point1 = np.dot(rot_mat, np.array([(xmin + xmax) / 2, ymin, 1]))
point2 = np.dot(rot_mat, np.array([xmax, (ymin + ymax) / 2, 1]))
point3 = np.dot(rot_mat, np.array([(xmin + xmax) / 2, ymax, 1]))
point4 = np.dot(rot_mat, np.array([xmin, (ymin + ymax) / 2, 1]))
# 合并np.array
concat = np.vstack((point1, point2, point3, point4))
# 改变array类型
concat = concat.astype(np.int32)
# 得到旋转后的坐标
rx, ry, rw, rh = cv2.boundingRect(concat)
rx_min = rx
ry_min = ry
rx_max = rx + rw
ry_max = ry + rh
# 加入list中
rot_bboxes.append([rx_min, ry_min, rx_max, ry_max])
return rot_img, rot_bboxes
# 裁剪
def _crop_img_bboxes(self, img, bboxes):
'''
裁剪后的图片要包含所有的框
输入:
img:图像array
bboxes:该图像包含的所有boundingboxs,一个list,每个元素为[x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max],要确保是数值
输出:
crop_img:裁剪后的图像array
crop_bboxes:裁剪后的bounding box的坐标list
'''
# ---------------------- 裁剪图像 ----------------------
w = img.shape[1]
h = img.shape[0]
x_min = w # 裁剪后的包含所有目标框的最小的框
x_max = 0
y_min = h
y_max = 0
for bbox in bboxes:
x_min = min(x_min, bbox[0])
y_min = min(y_min, bbox[1])
x_max = max(x_max, bbox[2])
y_max = max(y_max, bbox[3])
d_to_left = x_min # 包含所有目标框的最小框到左边的距离
d_to_right = w - x_max # 包含所有目标框的最小框到右边的距离
d_to_top = y_min # 包含所有目标框的最小框到顶端的距离
d_to_bottom = h - y_max # 包含所有目标框的最小框到底部的距离
# 随机扩展这个最小框
crop_x_min = int(x_min - random.uniform(0, d_to_left))
crop_y_min = int(y_min - random.uniform(0, d_to_top))
crop_x_max = int(x_max + random.uniform(0, d_to_right))
crop_y_max = int(y_max + random.uniform(0, d_to_bottom))
# 随机扩展这个最小框 , 防止别裁的太小
# crop_x_min = int(x_min - random.uniform(d_to_left//2, d_to_left))
# crop_y_min = int(y_min - random.uniform(d_to_top//2, d_to_top))
# crop_x_max = int(x_max + random.uniform(d_to_right//2, d_to_right))
# crop_y_max = int(y_max + random.uniform(d_to_bottom//2, d_to_bottom))
# 确保不要越界
crop_x_min = max(0, crop_x_min)
crop_y_min = max(0, crop_y_min)
crop_x_max = min(w, crop_x_max)
crop_y_max = min(h, crop_y_max)
crop_img = img[crop_y_min:crop_y_max, crop_x_min:crop_x_max]
# ---------------------- 裁剪boundingbox ----------------------
# 裁剪后的boundingbox坐标计算
crop_bboxes = list()
for bbox in bboxes:
crop_bboxes.append([bbox[0] - crop_x_min, bbox[1] - crop_y_min, bbox[2] - crop_x_min, bbox[3] - crop_y_min])
return crop_img, crop_bboxes
# 平移
def _shift_pic_bboxes(self, img, bboxes):
'''
参考:https://blog.csdn.net/sty945/article/details/79387054
平移后的图片要包含所有的框
输入:
img:图像array
bboxes:该图像包含的所有boundingboxs,一个list,每个元素为[x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max],要确保是数值
输出:
shift_img:平移后的图像array
shift_bboxes:平移后的bounding box的坐标list
'''
# ---------------------- 平移图像 ----------------------
w = img.shape[1]
h = img.shape[0]
x_min = w # 裁剪后的包含所有目标框的最小的框
x_max = 0
y_min = h
y_max = 0
for bbox in bboxes:
x_min = min(x_min, bbox[0])
y_min = min(y_min, bbox[1])
x_max = max(x_max, bbox[2])
y_max = max(y_max, bbox[3])
d_to_left = x_min # 包含所有目标框的最大左移动距离
d_to_right = w - x_max # 包含所有目标框的最大右移动距离
d_to_top = y_min # 包含所有目标框的最大上移动距离
d_to_bottom = h - y_max # 包含所有目标框的最大下移动距离
x = random.uniform(-(d_to_left - 1) / 3, (d_to_right - 1) / 3)
y = random.uniform(-(d_to_top - 1) / 3, (d_to_bottom - 1) / 3)
M = np.float32([[1, 0, x], [0, 1, y]])
# x为向左或右移动的像素值,正为向右负为向左; y为向上或者向下移动的像素值,正为向下负为向上
try:
shift_img = cv2.warpAffine(img, M, (img.shape[1], img.shape[0]))
except Exception as e:
print("error")
# ---------------------- 平移boundingbox ----------------------
shift_bboxes = list()
for bbox in bboxes:
shift_bboxes.append([bbox[0] + x, bbox[1] + y, bbox[2] + x, bbox[3] + y])
return shift_img, shift_bboxes
# 镜像
def _filp_pic_bboxes(self, img, bboxes):
'''
参考:https://blog.csdn.net/jningwei/article/details/78753607
平移后的图片要包含所有的框
输入:
img:图像array
bboxes:该图像包含的所有boundingboxs,一个list,每个元素为[x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max],要确保是数值
输出:
flip_img:平移后的图像array
flip_bboxes:平移后的bounding box的坐标list
'''
# ---------------------- 翻转图像 ----------------------
import copy
flip_img = copy.deepcopy(img)
# if random.random() < 0.5: #0.5的概率水平翻转，0.5的概率垂直翻转
horizon = True
# else:
# horizon = False
h, w, _ = img.shape
if horizon: # 水平翻转
flip_img = cv2.flip(flip_img, 1) # 1是水平，0是垂直,-1是水平垂直
else:
flip_img = cv2.flip(flip_img, 0)
# ---------------------- 调整boundingbox ----------------------
flip_bboxes = list()
for box in bboxes:
x_min = box[0]
y_min = box[1]
x_max = box[2]
y_max = box[3]
if horizon:
flip_bboxes.append([w - x_max, y_min, w - x_min, y_max])
else:
flip_bboxes.append([x_min, h - y_max, x_max, h - y_min])
return flip_img, flip_bboxes
def dataAugment(self, img, bboxes):
change_num = 0 # 改变的次数
print('------')
while change_num < 1: # 默认至少有一种数据增强生效
if random.random() < self.crop_rate: # 裁剪
print('裁剪')
change_num += 1
img, bboxes = self._crop_img_bboxes(img, bboxes)
if random.random() < self.shift_rate: # 平移
print('平移')
change_num += 1
img, bboxes = self._shift_pic_bboxes(img, bboxes)
if random.random() > self.augment_hsv_rate: # 改变色度
print('hsv')
change_num += 1
img = self._augment_hsv(img)
if random.random() > self.change_light_rate: # 改变亮度
print("亮度")
change_num += 1
img = self._changeLight(img)
if random.random() < self.add_noise_rate: # 加噪声
print('加噪声')
change_num += 1
img = self._addNoise(img)
if random.random() < self.cutout_rate: # cutout
print('cutout')
change_num += 1
img = self._cutout(img, bboxes, length=self.cut_out_length, n_holes=self.cut_out_holes,
threshold=self.cut_out_threshold)
print('\n')
# print('------')
return img, bboxes
need_aug_num = 3 # TODO: 修改单张需要扩增的数据量 单张图片需要扩增的数量
dataAug = DataAugmentForObjectDetection()
source_pic_root_path = r'D:\py\VOC\VOCdevkit\VOC2007\JPEGImages'
source_xml_root_path = r'D:\py\VOC\VOCdevkit\VOC2007\Annotations'
img_save_path = r'D:\py\VOC\VOCdevkit\VOC2007\saveimg' # 新的图片文件
save_dir = r'D:\py\VOC\VOCdevkit\VOC2007\saveann' # 新的标注文件
num_img = 0
for parent, _, files in os.walk(source_pic_root_path):
for file in files:
num_img += 1
cnt = 0
while cnt < need_aug_num:
pic_path = os.path.join(parent, file)
xml_path = os.path.join(source_xml_root_path, file[:-4] + '.xml')
coords = parse_xml(xml_path) # 解析得到box信息，格式为[[x_min,y_min,x_max,y_max,name]]
coordss = [coord[:4] for coord in coords]
labels = [coord[4] for coord in coords]
img = cv2.imread(pic_path)
# show_pic(img, coordss, labels) # 原图
auged_img, auged_bboxes = dataAug.dataAugment(img, coordss)
cnt += 1
cv2.imwrite(img_save_path + '/' + file[:-4] + '_%d.jpg' % cnt, auged_img)
save_xml(pic_path, file[:-4] + '_%d.jpg' % cnt, labels, auged_bboxes, file_dir=img_save_path, save_dir=save_dir)
# show_pic(auged_img, auged_bboxes, labels) # 强化后的图
cv2.waitKey(200)
if num_img > 1702:#扩增的图像数量
break
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
# 测试label是否正确
# import shutil
#
# need_aug_num = 1
#
# dataAug = DataAugmentForObjectDetection()
#
# source_pic_root_path = '/home/xbw/darknet_boat/darknet/scripts/VOCdevkit/VOC2007/add_990/990_add/'
# source_xml_root_path = '/home/xbw/darknet_boat/darknet/scripts/VOCdevkit/VOC2007/add_990/990_xml/'
#
# for parent, _, files in os.walk(source_pic_root_path):
# for file in files:
# cnt = 0
# while cnt < need_aug_num:
# pic_path = os.path.join(parent, file)
# xml_path = os.path.join(source_xml_root_path, file[:-4]+'.xml')
# coords = parse_xml(xml_path) #解析得到box信息，格式为[[x_min,y_min,x_max,y_max,name]]
# coordss = [coord[:4] for coord in coords]
# labels = [coord[4] for coord in coords]
# img = cv2.imread(pic_path)
# show_pic(img, coordss,labels) # 原图
# cnt += 1
# cv2.destroyAllWindows()
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