目的:从百度百科python页抓取相关超链接的词条,输出到html中
一些概念:深入理解python之self
程序的主要目录为
主函数
from test import url_manager
from test import html_downloader
from test import html_parser
from test import html_output
主函数
if __name__ == "__main__": # main函数 __name__中间是两个下划线 main函数不能写错!!!!
root_url="http://baike.baidu.com/view/21087.htm" # 入口地址
obj_spider = SpiderMain() # 创建一个spider
obj_spider.craw(root_url) # 调用spider的craw方法,启动爬虫
上述定义了一个类SpiderMain,并调用了类中的craw方法 ,
类实现如下
class SpiderMain(object):
def __init__(self):
self.urls = url_manager.UrlManager() <span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei;"># </span>url管理器 ——分别对应一个类。
self.downloader = html_downloader.HtmlDownloader() <span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei;"># </span>html下载<span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei;">器</span>
self.parser = html_parser.HtmlParser() <span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei;"># </span>html解析器
self.output = html_output.HtmlOutPuter() <span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei;"># </span>html输出
def craw(self, root_url): # 爬虫的调度程序
count = 1 # 记录当前爬的第几个url
# 入口 url 添加到 url 管理器
self.urls.add_new_url(root_url)
while self.urls.has_new_url(): # 有待取去url
try:
new_url = self.urls.get_new_url() # 获取最新的url
print('craw %d :%s' % (count, new_url))
# 启动下载器并存储
html_cont = self.downloader.downlad(new_url) # 下载url
new_urls,new_data = self.parser.paser(new_url,html_cont) # 得到新的url和数据
self.urls.add_new_urls(new_urls) # 添加到url管理器
self.output.collect_data(new_data) # 收集数据
if count == 100:
break
count += 1
except Exception as error:
print(error)
# 输出收集好的数据
self.output.output_html()
按照craw方法中调用顺序:
URL管理器
# url 管理器需要维护待爬取的 url 列表 和 已爬取的 url 列表
class UrlManager(object):
def __init__(self):
self.new_urls = set()
self.old_urls = set()
# 添加url
def add_new_url(self, root_url):
if root_url is None:
return
if root_url not in self.new_urls and root_url not in self.old_urls:
self.new_urls.add(root_url)
# 添加urls集合
def add_new_urls(self, new_urls):
if new_urls is None or len(new_urls) == 0:
return
for url in new_urls:
self.add_new_url(url)
# 判断是否有新的待爬取的url
def has_new_url(self):
return len(self.new_urls) != 0
# 获取新的待爬url
def get_new_url(self):
new_url = self.new_urls.pop()
self.old_urls.add(new_url)
return new_url
下载器
import urllib
# 下载器代码——下载网页
class HtmlDownloader(object):
def downlad(self, new_url):
if new_url is None:
return None
response = urllib.request.urlopen(new_url)
if response.getcode() != 200:
return None
return response.read().decode('utf-8')
解析器
## -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import re
import urllib.parse
import urllib.request
class HtmlParser(object):
def _get_new_urls(self, page_url, soup):
new_urls = set()
# /view/123.html
links = soup.find_all('a', href=re.compile(r'/view/\d+\.htm')) # 不是html
for link in links:
new_url = link['href']
# 让 new_url 以 page_url 为模板拼接成一个全新的 url
new_full_url = urllib.parse.urljoin(page_url, new_url)
print(new_url) # /view/10812319.htm
print(new_full_url) # http://baike.baidu.com/view/10812319.htm
new_urls.add(new_full_url)
return new_urls
def _get_new_data(self, page_url, soup):
res_data = {}
# url
res_data['url'] = page_url
# <dd class="lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle-title"> <h1>Python</h1>
title_node = soup.find('dd', class_="lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle-title")
# 如果没找到 'lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle-title' 类,直接跳过
if title_node == None:
res_data['title'] = ''
res_data['summary'] = ''
return res_data
else:
title_node = title_node.find("h1")
res_data['title'] = title_node.get_text()
# <div class="lemma-summary">
summary_node = soup.find('div', class_="lemma-summary")
if summary_node == None:
res_data['summary'] = ''
else:
res_data['summary'] = summary_node.get_text()
return res_data
def paser(self, page_url, html_cont):
if page_url is None or html_cont is None:
return
soup = BeautifulSoup(html_cont, 'html.parser', from_encoding = 'utf-8')
new_urls = self._get_new_urls(page_url, soup)
new_data = self._get_new_data(page_url, soup)
return new_urls, new_data
# python3对urllib和urllib2进行了重构,
# 拆分成了urllib.request, urllib.response, urllib.parse, urllib.error等几个子模块,
# urljoin现在对应的函数是urllib.parse.urljoin
输出
class HtmlOutPuter(object):
def __init__(self):
self.datas = []
def collect_data(self, data):
if data is None:
return
self.datas.append(data)
def output_html(self):
fout = open('outputer.html', 'w', encoding='utf-8')
fout.write('<html>')
fout.write("<head><meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text/html;charset=utf-8\"></head>")
fout.write('<body>')
fout.write('<table>')
# ascii python 默认编码
for data in self.datas:
fout.write('<tr>')
fout.write('<td>%s</td>' % data['url'])
fout.write('<td>%s</td>' % data['title'])
fout.write('<td>%s</td>' % data['summary'])
fout.write('</tr>')
fout.write('</table>')
fout.write('</body>')
fout.write('</html>')
fout.close()
运行spider_main执行结果
代码是根据慕课网上老师讲的敲得,这是入门级别的简单的爬虫...后续路还很长.....
附视频地址:老师讲的真的很好!
代码链接:点击打开链接