互斥体是CMutex类的对象，也只允许一个线程占有某个共享资源，以保护独占式共享资源。因此，互斥体的使用方法与临界段的使用方法极为相似，所不同的是临界段只能在同一个进程中对线程进行同步，而互斥体可以用在不同的进程中进行线程同步控制。
信号量用在多线程多任务同步的，一个线程完成了某一个动作就通过信号量告诉别的线程，别的线程再进行某些动作（大家都在semtake的时候，就阻塞在 哪里）。而互斥锁是用在多线程多任务互斥的，一个线程占用了某一个资源，那么别的线程就无法访问，直到这个线程unlock，其他的线程才开始可以利用这 个资源。比如对全局变量的访问，有时要加锁，操作完了，在解锁。有的时候锁和信号量会同时使用的”
用户模式下常见的线程同步的方法有：事件（Event）、互斥体（Mutex）、信号量（Semaphore）等
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
=============================>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
join是三种同步线程的方式之一。另外两种分别是互斥锁（mutex）和条件变量（condition variable）。
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
进程内典型全局资源如下：
1）代码区：这意味着当前进程空间内所有的可见的函数代码，对于每个线程来说，也是可见的
2）静态存储区：全局变量，静态空间
3）动态存储区：堆空间
线程内典型的局部资源：
1）本地栈空间：存放本线程的函数调用栈，函数内部的局部变量等
2）部分寄存器变量：线程下一步要执行代码的指针偏移量
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
C++ 多线程
多线程是多任务处理的一种特殊形式，多任务处理允许让电脑同时运行两个或两个以上的程序。一般情况下，两种类型的多任务处理：基于进程和基于线程。
基于进程的多任务处理是程序的并发执行。
基于线程的多任务处理是同一程序的片段的并发执行。
多线程程序包含可以同时运行的两个或多个部分。这样的程序中的每个部分称为一个线程，每个线程定义了一个单独的执行路径。
本教程假设您使用的是 Linux 操作系统，我们要使用 POSIX 编写多线程 C++ 程序。POSIX Threads 或 Pthreads 提供的 API 可在多种类 Unix POSIX 系统上可用，比如 FreeBSD、NetBSD、GNU/Linux、Mac OS X 和 Solaris。
创建线程
下面的程序，我们可以用它来创建一个 POSIX 线程：
#include <pthread.h>
pthread_create (thread, attr, start_routine, arg)
在这里，pthread_create 创建一个新的线程，并让它可执行。下面是关于参数的说明：
参数 描述
thread 指向线程标识符指针。
attr 一个不透明的属性对象，可以被用来设置线程属性。您可以指定线程属性对象，也可以使用默认值 NULL。
start_routine 线程运行函数起始地址，一旦线程被创建就会执行。
arg 运行函数的参数。它必须通过把引用作为指针强制转换为 void 类型进行传递。如果没有传递参数，则使用 NULL。
创建线程成功时，函数返回 0，若返回值不为 0 则说明创建线程失败。
终止线程
使用下面的程序，我们可以用它来终止一个 POSIX 线程：
#include <pthread.h>
pthread_exit (status)
在这里，pthread_exit 用于显式地退出一个线程。通常情况下，pthread_exit() 函数是在线程完成工作后无需继续存在时被调用。
如果 main() 是在它所创建的线程之前结束，并通过 pthread_exit() 退出，那么其他线程将继续执行。否则，它们将在 main() 结束时自动被终止。
实例
以下简单的实例代码使用 pthread_create() 函数创建了 5 个线程，每个线程输出"Hello Runoob！":
实例
#include <iostream>
// 必须的头文件
#include <pthread.h>
using namespace std;
#define NUM_THREADS 5
// 线程的运行函数
void* say_hello(void* args)
{
cout << "Hello Runoob！" << endl;
return 0;
}
int main()
{
// 定义线程的 id 变量，多个变量使用数组
pthread_t tids[NUM_THREADS];
for(int i = 0; i < NUM_THREADS; ++i)
{
//参数依次是：创建的线程id，线程参数，调用的函数，传入的函数参数
int ret = pthread_create(&tids[i], NULL, say_hello, NULL);
if (ret != 0)
{
cout << "pthread_create error: error_code=" << ret << endl;
}
}
//等各个线程退出后，进程才结束，否则进程强制结束了，线程可能还没反应过来；
pthread_exit(NULL);
}
使用 -lpthread 库编译下面的程序：
$ g++ test.cpp -lpthread -o test.o
现在，执行程序，将产生下列结果：
$ ./test.o
Hello Runoob！
Hello Runoob！
Hello Runoob！
Hello Runoob！
Hello Runoob！
以下简单的实例代码使用 pthread_create() 函数创建了 5 个线程，并接收传入的参数。每个线程打印一个 "Hello Runoob!" 消息，并输出接收的参数，然后调用 pthread_exit() 终止线程。
实例
//文件名：test.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <pthread.h>
using namespace std;
#define NUM_THREADS 5
void *PrintHello(void *threadid)
{
// 对传入的参数进行强制类型转换，由无类型指针变为整形数指针，然后再读取
int tid = *((int*)threadid);
cout << "Hello Runoob! 线程 ID, " << tid << endl;
pthread_exit(NULL);
}
int main ()
{
pthread_t threads[NUM_THREADS];
int indexes[NUM_THREADS];// 用数组来保存i的值
int rc;
int i;
for( i=0; i < NUM_THREADS; i++ ){
cout << "main() : 创建线程, " << i << endl;
indexes[i] = i; //先保存i的值
// 传入的时候必须强制转换为void* 类型，即无类型指针
rc = pthread_create(&threads[i], NULL,
PrintHello, (void *)&(indexes[i]));
if (rc){
cout << "Error:无法创建线程," << rc << endl;
exit(-1);
}
}
pthread_exit(NULL);
}
现在编译并执行程序，将产生下列结果：
$ g++ test.cpp -lpthread -o test.o
$ ./test.o
main() : 创建线程, 0
main() : 创建线程, 1
main() : 创建线程, 2
main() : 创建线程, 3
main() : 创建线程, 4
Hello Runoob! 线程 ID, 4
Hello Runoob! 线程 ID, 3
Hello Runoob! 线程 ID, 2
Hello Runoob! 线程 ID, 1
Hello Runoob! 线程 ID, 0
向线程传递参数
这个实例演示了如何通过结构传递多个参数。您可以在线程回调中传递任意的数据类型，因为它指向 void，如下面的实例所示：
实例
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <pthread.h>
using namespace std;
#define NUM_THREADS 5
struct thread_data{
int thread_id;
char *message;
};
void *PrintHello(void *threadarg)
{
struct thread_data *my_data;
my_data = (struct thread_data *) threadarg;
cout << "Thread ID : " << my_data->thread_id ;
cout << " Message : " << my_data->message << endl;
pthread_exit(NULL);
}
int main ()
{
pthread_t threads[NUM_THREADS];
struct thread_data td[NUM_THREADS];
int rc;
int i;
for( i=0; i < NUM_THREADS; i++ ){
cout <<"main() : creating thread, " << i << endl;
td[i].thread_id = i;
td[i].message = (char*)"This is message";
rc = pthread_create(&threads[i], NULL,
PrintHello, (void *)&td[i]);
if (rc){
cout << "Error:unable to create thread," << rc << endl;
exit(-1);
}
}
pthread_exit(NULL);
}
当上面的代码被编译和执行时，它会产生下列结果：
$ g++ -Wno-write-strings test.cpp -lpthread -o test.o
$ ./test.o
main() : creating thread, 0
main() : creating thread, 1
Thread ID : 0 Message : This is message
main() : creating thread, Thread ID : 21
Message : This is message
main() : creating thread, 3
Thread ID : 2 Message : This is message
main() : creating thread, 4
Thread ID : 3 Message : This is message
Thread ID : 4 Message : This is message
连接和分离线程
我们可以使用以下两个函数来连接或分离线程：
pthread_join (threadid, status)
pthread_detach (threadid)
pthread_join() 子程序阻碍调用程序，直到指定的 threadid 线程终止为止。当创建一个线程时，它的某个属性会定义它是否是可连接的（joinable）或可分离的（detached）。只有创建时定义为可连接的线程才可以被连接。如果线程创建时被定义为可分离的，则它永远也不能被连接。
这个实例演示了如何使用 pthread_join() 函数来等待线程的完成。
实例
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>
using namespace std;
#define NUM_THREADS 5
void *wait(void *t)
{
int i;
long tid;
tid = (long)t;
sleep(1);
cout << "Sleeping in thread " << endl;
cout << "Thread with id : " << tid << " ...exiting " << endl;
pthread_exit(NULL);
}
int main ()
{
int rc;
int i;
pthread_t threads[NUM_THREADS];
pthread_attr_t attr;
void *status;
// 初始化并设置线程为可连接的（joinable）
pthread_attr_init(&attr);
pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE);
for( i=0; i < NUM_THREADS; i++ ){
cout << "main() : creating thread, " << i << endl;
rc = pthread_create(&threads[i], NULL, wait, (void *)&i );
if (rc){
cout << "Error:unable to create thread," << rc << endl;
exit(-1);
}
}
// 删除属性，并等待其他线程
pthread_attr_destroy(&attr);
for( i=0; i < NUM_THREADS; i++ ){
rc = pthread_join(threads[i], &status);
if (rc){
cout << "Error:unable to join," << rc << endl;
exit(-1);
}
cout << "Main: completed thread id :" << i ;
cout << " exiting with status :" << status << endl;
}
cout << "Main: program exiting." << endl;
pthread_exit(NULL);
}
当上面的代码被编译和执行时，它会产生下列结果：
main() : creating thread, 0
main() : creating thread, 1
main() : creating thread, 2
main() : creating thread, 3
main() : creating thread, 4
Sleeping in thread
Thread with id : 4 ...exiting
Sleeping in thread
Thread with id : 3 ...exiting
Sleeping in thread
Thread with id : 2 ...exiting
Sleeping in thread
Thread with id : 1 ...exiting
Sleeping in thread
Thread with id : 0 ...exiting
Main: completed thread id :0 exiting with status :0
Main: completed thread id :1 exiting with status :0
Main: completed thread id :2 exiting with status :0
Main: completed thread id :3 exiting with status :0
Main: completed thread id :4 exiting with status :0
Main: program exiting.
更多实例参考：http://www.runoob.com/w3cnote/cpp-multithread-demo.html
C++ 信号处理
C++ Web 编程
笔记列表
ztftrue
ztf***e@gmail.com
参考地址
c++ 11 之后有了标准的线程库：
#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
std::thread::id main_thread_id = std::this_thread::get_id();
void hello()
{
std::cout << "Hello Concurrent World\n";
if (main_thread_id == std::this_thread::get_id())
std::cout << "This is the main thread.\n";
else
std::cout << "This is not the main thread.\n";
}
void pause_thread(int n) {
std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(n));
std::cout << "pause of " << n << " seconds ended\n";
}
int main() {
std::thread t(hello);
std::cout << t.hardware_concurrency() << std::endl;//可以并发执行多少个(不准确)
std::cout << "native_handle " << t.native_handle() << std::endl;//可以并发执行多少个(不准确)
t.join();
std::thread a(hello);
a.detach();
std::thread threads[5]; // 默认构造线程
std::cout << "Spawning 5 threads...\n";
for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
threads[i] = std::thread(pause_thread, i + 1); // move-assign threads
std::cout << "Done spawning threads. Now waiting for them to join:\n";
for (auto &thread : threads)
thread.join();
std::cout << "All threads joined!\n";
}
之前一些编译器使用 C++11 的编译参数是 -std=c++11
g++ -std=c++11 test.cpp
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
（一）与C++11多线程相关的头文件
C++11 新标准中引入了四个头文件来支持多线程编程，他们分别是< atomic> ,< thread>,< mutex>,< condition_variable>和< future>。
?< atomic>：该头文主要声明了两个类, std::atomic 和 std::atomic_flag，另外还声明了一套 C 风格的原子类型和与 C 兼容的原子操作的函数。
?< thread>：该头文件主要声明了 std::thread 类，另外 std::this_thread 命名空间也在该头文件中。
?< mutex>：该头文件主要声明了与互斥量(mutex)相关的类，包括 std::mutex 系列类，std::lock_guard, std::unique_lock, 以及其他的类型和函数。
?< condition_variable>：该头文件主要声明了与条件变量相关的类，包括 std::condition_variable 和 std::condition_variable_any。
?< future>：该头文件主要声明了 std::promise, std::package_task 两个 Provider 类，以及 std::future 和 std::shared_future 两个 Future 类，另外还有一些与之相关的类型和函数，std::async() 函数就声明在此头文件中。
（二）std::thread
0
0.1 线程状态
在一个线程的生存期内，可以在多种状态之间转换，不同的操作系统可以实现不同的线程模型，定义许多不同的线程状态，每个状态还可以包含多个子状态，但大体来说，如下几种状态是通用的：
1）就绪：参与调度，等待被执行，一旦被调度选中，立即开始执行
2）运行：占用CPU，正在运行中
3）休眠：暂不参与调度，等待特定事件发生
4）中止：已经运行完毕，等待回收线程资源
0.2 线程环境
线程存在于进程之中，进程内所有全局资源对于内部每个线程都是可见的。
进程内典型全局资源如下：
1）代码区：这意味着当前进程空间内所有的可见的函数代码，对于每个线程来说，也是可见的
2）静态存储区：全局变量，静态空间
3）动态存储区：堆空间
线程内典型的局部资源：
1）本地栈空间：存放本线程的函数调用栈，函数内部的局部变量等
2）部分寄存器变量：线程下一步要执行代码的指针偏移量
1 构造、赋值和拷贝
1.1 构造函数
（1）default ：thread() noexcept;
（2）initialization ：template < class Fn, class… Args> explicit thread (Fn&& fn, Args&&… args);
（3）copy [deleted] ：thread (const thread&) = delete;
（4）move ：thread (thread&& x) noexcept;
默认构造函数，创建一个空的 thread 执行对象。 初始化构造函数，创建一个 thread对象，该 thread对象可被joinable，新产生的线程会调用 fn 函数，该函数的参数由 args 给出。 拷贝构造函数(被禁用)，意味着 thread 不可被拷贝构造。 move 构造函数，调用成功之后 x 不代表任何 thread 执行对象。
注意：可被 joinable 的 thread 对象必须在他们销毁之前被主线程 join 或者将其设置为 detached。
栗子：
?
#include <iostream>
#include <utility>
#include <thread>
#include <chrono>
#include <functional>
#include
void f1(int n)
{
for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
{
std::cout << "Thread " << n << " executing\n";
std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(10));
}
}
void f2(int& n)
{
for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
std::cout << "Thread 2 executing\n";
++n;
std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(10));
}
}
int main()
{
int n = 0;
std::thread t1; // t1 is not a thread
std::thread t2(f1, n + 1); // pass by value
std::thread t3(f2, std::ref(n)); // pass by reference
std::thread t4(std::move(t3)); // t4 is now running f2(). t3 is no longer a thread
t2.join();
t4.join();
std::cout << "Final value of n is " << n << '\n';
}</atomic></functional></chrono></thread></utility></iostream>
Possible output:
?
Thread 1 executing
Thread 2 executing
Thread 1 executing
Thread 2 executing
Thread 1 executing
Thread 2 executing
Thread 1 executing
Thread 2 executing
Thread 2 executing
Thread 1 executing
Final value of n is 5
1.2 MOVE赋值操作
move (1)：thread& operator= (thread&& rhs) noexcept;
copy [deleted] (2)：thread& operator= (const thread&) = delete;
move 赋值操作，如果当前对象不可 joinable，需要传递一个右值引用(rhs)给 move 赋值操作；如果当前对象可被 joinable，则 terminate() 报错。
?
//#include <stdio.h>
//#include <stdlib.h>
#include <chrono> // std::chrono::seconds
#include <iostream> // std::cout
#include <thread> // std::thread, std::this_thread::sleep_for
void thread_task(int n) {
std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(n));
std::cout << "hello thread "
<< std::this_thread::get_id()
<< " paused " << n << " seconds" << std::endl;
}
/*
* === FUNCTION =========================================================
* Name: main
* Description: program entry routine.
* ========================================================================
*/
int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
std::thread threads[5];
std::cout << "Spawning 5 threads...\n";
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
threads[i] = std::thread(thread_task, i + 1); /******copy********/
}
std::cout << "Done spawning threads! Now wait for them to join\n";
for (auto& t : threads) {
t.join();
}
std::cout << "All threads joined.\n";
system("pause");
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
} /* ---------- end of function main ---------- */
</thread></iostream></chrono></stdlib.h></stdio.h>
2 其他成员函数
2.1 get_id ：获取线程 ID。
参数：none
返回值：An object of member type thread::id that uniquely identifies the thread (if joinable), or default-constructed (if not joinable)
Returns the thread id.
If the thread object is joinable, the function returns a value that uniquely identifies the thread.
If the thread object is not joinable, the function returns a default-constructed object of member type thread::id.
栗子：
?
// thread::get_id / this_thread::get_id
#include <iostream> // std::cout
#include <thread> // std::thread, std::thread::id, std::this_thread::get_id
#include <chrono> // std::chrono::seconds
std::thread::id main_thread_id = std::this_thread::get_id();
void is_main_thread() {
if ( main_thread_id == std::this_thread::get_id() )
std::cout << "This is the main thread.\n";
else
std::cout << "This is not the main thread.\n";
}
int main()
{
is_main_thread();
std::thread th (is_main_thread);
th.join();
}
</chrono></thread></iostream>
output：
?
1
2
This is the main thread.
This is not the main thread.
2.2 joinable ：检查线程是否可被 join。
返回值：false、true
参数：none
Returns whether the thread object is joinable.
A thread object is joinable if it represents a thread of execution.
A thread object is not joinable in any of these cases:
?if it was default-constructed.
?if it has been moved from (either constructing another thread object, or assigning to it).
?if either of its members join or detach has been called.
栗子：
?
// example for thread::joinable
#include <iostream> // std::cout
#include <thread> // std::thread
void mythread()
{
// do stuff...
}
int main()
{
std::thread foo;
std::thread bar(mythread);
std::cout << "Joinable after construction:\n" << std::boolalpha;
std::cout << "foo: " << foo.joinable() << '\n';
std::cout << "bar: " << bar.joinable() << '\n';
if (foo.joinable()) foo.join();
if (bar.joinable()) bar.join();
std::cout << "Joinable after joining:\n" << std::boolalpha;
std::cout << "foo: " << foo.joinable() << '\n';
std::cout << "bar: " << bar.joinable() << '\n';
return 0;
}
</thread></iostream>
Output (after 3 seconds):
?
Joinable after construction:
foo: false
bar: true
Joinable after joining:
foo: false
bar: false
2.3 join：Join 线程。
参数：none
返回值：none
The function returns when the thread execution has completed.
直到线程函数被执行完毕，join才返回。This synchronizes the moment this function returns with the completion of all the operations in the thread: This blocks the execution of the thread that calls this function until the function called on construction returns (if it hasn’t yet).
After a call to this function, the thread object becomes non-joinable and can be destroyed safely.
栗子：
?
// example for thread::join
#include <iostream> // std::cout
#include <thread> // std::thread, std::this_thread::sleep_for
#include <chrono> // std::chrono::seconds
void pause_thread(int n)
{
std::this_thread::sleep_for (std::chrono::seconds(n));
std::cout << "pause of " << n << " seconds ended\n";
}
int main()
{
std::cout << "Spawning 3 threads...\n";
std::thread t1 (pause_thread,1);
std::thread t2 (pause_thread,2);
std::thread t3 (pause_thread,3);
std::cout << "Done spawning threads. Now waiting for them to join:\n";
t1.join();
t2.join();
t3.join();
std::cout << "All threads joined!\n";
return 0;
}
</chrono></thread></iostream>
Output (after 3 seconds):
?
Spawning 3 threads...
Done spawning threads. Now waiting for them to join:
pause of 1 seconds ended
pause of 2 seconds ended
pause of 3 seconds ended
All threads joined!
2.4 detach：Detach 线程
参数：none
返回值：none
Detaches the thread represented by the object from the calling thread, allowing them to execute independently from each other.
Both threads continue without blocking nor synchronizing in any way. Note that when either one ends execution, its resources are released.
After a call to this function, the thread object becomes non-joinable and can be destroyed safely.
栗子：
?
#include <iostream> // std::cout
#include <thread> // std::thread, std::this_thread::sleep_for
#include <chrono> // std::chrono::seconds
void pause_thread(int n)
{
std::this_thread::sleep_for (std::chrono::seconds(n));
std::cout << "pause of " << n << " seconds ended\n";
}
int main()
{
std::cout << "Spawning and detaching 3 threads...\n";
std::thread (pause_thread,1).detach();
std::thread (pause_thread,2).detach();
std::thread (pause_thread,3).detach();
std::cout << "Done spawning threads.\n";
std::cout << "(the main thread will now pause for 5 seconds)\n";
// give the detached threads time to finish (but not guaranteed!):
pause_thread(5);
return 0;
}
</chrono></thread></iostream>
Output (after 5 seconds):
?
Spawning and detaching 3 threads...
Done spawning threads.
(the main thread will now pause for 5 seconds)
pause of 1 seconds ended
pause of 2 seconds ended
pause of 3 seconds ended
pause of 5 seconds ended
detach调用之后，目标线程就成为了守护线程，驻留后台运行，与之关联的std::thread对象失去对目标线程的关联，无法再通过std::thread对象取得该线程的控制权。当线程主函数执行完之后，线程就结束了，运行时库负责清理与该线程相关的资源。
当一个thread对象到达生命期终点而关联线程还没有结束时，则thread对象取消与线程之间的关联，目标线程线程则变为分离线程继续运行搜索。
当调用join函数时，调用线程阻塞等待目标线程终止，然后回收目标线程的资源。
2.5 swap：Swap 线程 。
参数：the thread to swap with
返回值：none
Exchanges the underlying handles of two thread objects
栗子
?
#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <chrono>
void foo()
{
std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
}
void bar()
{
std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
}
int main()
{
std::thread t1(foo);
std::thread t2(bar);
std::cout << "thread 1 id: " << t1.get_id() << std::endl;
std::cout << "thread 2 id: " << t2.get_id() << std::endl;
std::swap(t1, t2);
std::cout << "after std::swap(t1, t2):" << std::endl;
std::cout << "thread 1 id: " << t1.get_id() << std::endl;
std::cout << "thread 2 id: " << t2.get_id() << std::endl;
t1.swap(t2);
std::cout << "after t1.swap(t2):" << std::endl;
std::cout << "thread 1 id: " << t1.get_id() << std::endl;
std::cout << "thread 2 id: " << t2.get_id() << std::endl;
t1.join();
t2.join();
}</chrono></thread></iostream>
Possible output:
?
thread 1 id: 1892
thread 2 id: 2584
after std::swap(t1, t2):
thread 1 id: 2584
thread 2 id: 1892
after t1.swap(t2):
thread 1 id: 1892
thread 2 id: 2584
另外：void std::swap( thread &lhs, thread &rhs );
说明：不是成员函数。只是重载了std::swap函数。
用法：std::swap(thread1,thread2);
栗子：
?
#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <chrono>
void foo()
{
std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
}
void bar()
{
std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
}
int main()
{
std::thread t1(foo);
std::thread t2(bar);
std::cout << "thread 1 id: " << t1.get_id() << std::endl;
std::cout << "thread 2 id: " << t2.get_id() << std::endl;
std::swap(t1, t2);
std::cout << "after std::swap(t1, t2):" << std::endl;
std::cout << "thread 1 id: " << t1.get_id() << std::endl;
std::cout << "thread 2 id: " << t2.get_id() << std::endl;
t1.swap(t2);
std::cout << "after t1.swap(t2):" << std::endl;
std::cout << "thread 1 id: " << t1.get_id() << std::endl;
std::cout << "thread 2 id: " << t2.get_id() << std::endl;
t1.join();
t2.join();
}</chrono></thread></iostream>
输出：
thread 1 id: 1892
thread 2 id: 2584
after std::swap(t1, t2):
thread 1 id: 2584
thread 2 id: 1892
after t1.swap(t2):
thread 1 id: 1892
thread 2 id: 2584
2.6 native_handle：返回 native handle。
2.7 hardware_concurrency [static]：检测硬件并发特性。
2.8 总结
std::thread m_thrSend; //线程句柄
bool m_sending{ false }; //线程退出标识
bool startSend()
{
if (m_sending)
return false;
m_sending = true;
m_thrSend = std::thread([this](){this->thrSend(); });
return true;
}
void stopSend()
{
m_sending = false;
std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(50));
if (m_thrSend.joinable())
m_thrSend.join();
}
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