引言
Android系统作为目前手机市场占用率最高的系统,也由于它开源的特性,使得很多公司自己进行私人订制,尤其小米、华为等对android系统进行了深度定制,正因如此,手机屏幕的尺寸、分辨率造成android开发中屏幕适配的一大难点。
上图便是android手机的屏幕分辨率的统计,是不是有点太花了,因为手机类型太多了,所以要做到所有屏幕适配基本不可能的,所以只能做到主流的屏幕尺寸,首先啊我们了解一些基础的概念:
屏幕尺寸
屏幕尺寸指的是屏幕对角线的长度,单位是英寸,1inch = 2.54cm。
- 屏幕分辨率
手机在横向和纵向上的像素点的总和,单位是像素(pixel),1px = 1像素点,比如 320 x 480 的手机,表示在宽度上有320个像素点,在高度上有480个像素点。
- 屏幕分辨率
屏幕像素密度
每英寸像素点的个数,单位是dpi(dots per inch),在Android中将屏幕像素密度分为六种:- ldpi (低) ~ 120dpi
- mdpi(中)~ 160dpi
- hdpi (高) ~ 240dpi
- xhdpi (超高)~ 320dpi
- xxhdpi (超超高)~ 480dpi
- xxxxdpi(超超超高)~ 640dpi
- 屏幕密度无关像素dp(dip)
Density Indepentent Pixels 即密度无关像素,它在屏幕密度不同的屏幕下自动换算成px。
160dpi :1dp = 1px
240dpi :1dp = 1.5px
320dpi :1dp = 2px - 独立比例像素sp
Android开发中用此单位设置字体大小,推荐使用12sp,14sp,18sp,22sp作为字体的首选设置。不推荐使用奇数和小数,容易导致精度的损失。
下面说比较实用的一个张鸿洋大神写的一个自动生成各种屏幕尺寸对应的px的values,我贴出大神的源码:
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
/**
* Created by zhy on 15/5/3.
*/
public class GenerateValueFiles {
private int baseW;
private int baseH;
private String dirStr = "./res";
private final static String WTemplate = "<dimen name=\"x{0}\">{1}px</dimen>\n";
private final static String HTemplate = "<dimen name=\"y{0}\">{1}px</dimen>\n";
/**
* {0}-HEIGHT
*/
private final static String VALUE_TEMPLATE = "values-{0}x{1}";
private static final String SUPPORT_DIMESION = "320,480;480,800;480,854;540,960;600,1024;720,1184;720,1196;720,1280;768,1024;800,1280;1080,1812;1080,1920;1440,2560;";
private String supportStr = SUPPORT_DIMESION;
public GenerateValueFiles(int baseX, int baseY, String supportStr) {
this.baseW = baseX;
this.baseH = baseY;
this.supportStr += validateInput(supportStr);
System.out.println(supportStr);
File dir = new File(dirStr);
if (!dir.exists()) {
dir.mkdir();
}
System.out.println(dir.getAbsoluteFile());
}
/**
* @param supportStr
* w,h_...w,h;
* @return
*/
private String validateInput(String supportStr) {
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
String[] vals = supportStr.split("_");
int w = -1;
int h = -1;
String[] wh;
for (String val : vals) {
try {
if (val == null || val.length() == 0)
continue;
wh = val.split(",");
w = Integer.parseInt(wh[0]);
h = Integer.parseInt(wh[1]);
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
System.err.println("skip invalidate params : w,h = " + val);
continue;
}
sb.append(w + "," + h + ";");
}
return sb.toString();
}
public void generate() {
String[] vals = supportStr.split(";");
for (String val : vals) {
String[] wh = val.split(",");
generateXmlFile(Integer.parseInt(wh[0]), Integer.parseInt(wh[1]));
}
}
private void generateXmlFile(int w, int h) {
StringBuffer sbForWidth = new StringBuffer();
sbForWidth.append("<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?>\n");
sbForWidth.append("<resources>");
float cellw = w*1.0f / baseW;
System.out.println(w + "," + baseW + "," + cellw);
for (int i = 1; i < baseW; i++) {
sbForWidth.append(WTemplate.replace("{0}", i + "").replace("{1}",
change(cellw * i) + ""));
}
sbForWidth.append(WTemplate.replace("{0}", baseW + "").replace("{1}",
w + ""));
sbForWidth.append("</resources>");
StringBuffer sbForHeight = new StringBuffer();
sbForHeight.append("<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?>\n");
sbForHeight.append("<resources>");
float cellh = h / baseH;
for (int i = 1; i < baseH; i++) {
sbForHeight.append(HTemplate.replace("{0}", i + "").replace("{1}",
change(cellh * i) + ""));
}
sbForHeight.append(HTemplate.replace("{0}", baseH + "").replace("{1}",
h + ""));
sbForHeight.append("</resources>");
File fileDir = new File(dirStr + File.separator
+ VALUE_TEMPLATE.replace("{0}", h + "")//
.replace("{1}", w + ""));
fileDir.mkdir();
File layxFile = new File(fileDir.getAbsolutePath(), "lay_x.xml");
File layyFile = new File(fileDir.getAbsolutePath(), "lay_y.xml");
try {
PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(new FileOutputStream(layxFile));
pw.print(sbForWidth.toString());
pw.close();
pw = new PrintWriter(new FileOutputStream(layyFile));
pw.print(sbForHeight.toString());
pw.close();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static float change(float a) {
int temp = (int) (a * 100);
return temp / 100f;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int baseW = 320;
int baseH = 400;
String addition = "";
try {
if (args.length >= 3) {
baseW = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
baseH = Integer.parseInt(args[1]);
addition = args[2];
} else if (args.length >= 1) {
addition = args[0];
}
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
System.err
.println("right input params : java -jar xxx.jar width height w,h_w,h_..._w,h;");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(-1);
}
new GenerateValueFiles(baseW, baseH, addition).generate();
}
}
就是一个运行生成values文件的java类,下面我们运行一下就可以生成我们需要的东西了:
我们打开文件看一下:
好了,大功告成下面给只要我们将该各种尺寸的values文件拷贝到我们项目中,
好了,我就是我常用的适配方式。