一、调试示例
源程序:test.c
#include <stdio.h>
int func(int n)
{
int sum=0,i;
for(i=0; i<n; i++)
{
sum+=i;
}
return sum;
}
main()
{
int i;
long result = 0;
for(i=1; i<=100; i++)
{
result += i;
}
printf("result[1-100] = %d \n", result );
printf("result[1-250] = %d \n", func(250) );
}
编译生成执行文件:(Linux下)
> cc -g test.c -o test
使用GDB调试:
hchen/test> gdb test <---------- 启动GDB
GNU gdb 5.1.1
Copyright 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
GDB is free software, covered by the GNU General Public License, and you are
welcome to change it and/or distribute copies of it under certain conditions.
Type "show copying" to see the conditions.
There is absolutely no warranty for GDB. Type "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "i386-suse-linux"...
(gdb) l <-------------------- l命令相当于list,从第一行开始例出原码。
1 #include <stdio.h>
2
3 int func(int n)
4 {
5 int sum=0,i;
6 for(i=0; i<n; i++)
7 {
8 sum+=i;
9 }
10 return sum;
(gdb) <-------------------- 直接回车表示,重复上一次命令
11 }
12
13
14 main()
15 {
16 int i;
17 long result = 0;
18 for(i=1; i<=100; i++)
19 {
20 result += i;
(gdb) break 16 <-------------------- 设置断点,在源程序第16行处。
Breakpoint 1 at 0x8048496: file test.c, line 16.
(gdb) break func <-------------------- 设置断点,在函数func()入口处。
Breakpoint 2 at 0x8048456: file test.c, line 5.
(gdb) info break <-------------------- 查看断点信息。
Num Type Disp Enb Address What
1 breakpoint keep y 0x08048496 in main at test.c:16
2 breakpoint keep y 0x08048456 in func at test.c:5
(gdb) r <--------------------- 运行程序,run命令简写
Starting program: /home/hchen/test/tst
Breakpoint 1, main () at test.c:17 <---------- 在断点处停住。
17 long result = 0;
(gdb) n <--------------------- 单条语句执行,next命令简写。
18 for(i=1; i<=100; i++)
(gdb) n
20 result += i;
(gdb) n
18 for(i=1; i<=100; i++)
(gdb) n
20 result += i;
(gdb) c <--------------------- 继续运行程序,continue命令简写。
Continuing.
result[1-100] = 5050 <----------程序输出。
Breakpoint 2, func (n=250) at test.c:5
5 int sum=0,i;
(gdb) n
6 for(i=1; i<=n; i++)
(gdb) p i <--------------------- 打印变量i的值,print命令简写。
$1 = 134513808
(gdb) n
8 sum+=i;
(gdb) n
6 for(i=1; i<=n; i++)
(gdb) p sum
$2 = 1
(gdb) n
8 sum+=i;
(gdb) p i
$3 = 2
(gdb) n
6 for(i=1; i<=n; i++)
(gdb) p sum
$4 = 3
(gdb) bt <--------------------- 查看函数堆栈。
#0 func (n=250) at test.c:5
#1 0x080484e4 in main () at test.c:24
#2 0x400409ed in __libc_start_main () from /lib/libc.so.6
(gdb) finish <--------------------- 退出函数。
Run till exit from #0 func (n=250) at test.c:5
0x080484e4 in main () at test.c:24
24 printf("result[1-250] = %d \n", func(250) );
Value returned is $6 = 31375
(gdb) c <--------------------- 继续运行。
Continuing.
result[1-250] = 31375 <----------程序输出。
Program exited with code 027. <--------程序退出,调试结束。
(gdb) q <--------------------- 退出gdb。
hchen/test>
好了,以上是一些感性认识,下面先总结一下要点。
二、小结:
1. 编译 -g
首先要编译成debug版本,也就是要加上-g 参数。如果没有-g,你将看不见程序的函数名、变量名,所代替的全是运行时的内存地址。
2. 载入与退出
载入:gdb <program>
退出:(gdb) q
3. 设置断点
设置行断点:(gdb) break n
设置函数断点:(gdb) break func
查看断点:(gdb) info break
4. 运行与退出函数
运行程序:(gdb) r --run
继续运行:(gdb) c --continue
退出当前函数:(gdb) finish
5. 调试
单步执行:(gdb) n --next
重复上次命令:(gdb) 回车
6. 查看
查看当前变量值:(gdb) p sum --print
查看函数堆栈:(gdb) bt
查看代码:(gdb) l --list
注:示例来源来网络。