【深入理解Kotlin协程】协程调度器Dispatchers源码追踪扒皮

Android中的Kotlin协程调度器主要有四种： Dispatchers.Main、 Dispatchers.Default、 Dispatchers.IO、 Dispatchers.Unconfined，第四种平时开发应该一般不会用到，所以主要了解一下前3种的实现。

Dispatchers.Main

public actual val Main: MainCoroutineDispatcher get() = MainDispatcherLoader.dispatcher

// MainDispatchers.kt
internal object MainDispatcherLoader {
    private val FAST_SERVICE_LOADER_ENABLED = systemProp(FAST_SERVICE_LOADER_PROPERTY_NAME, true)
    @JvmField
    val dispatcher: MainCoroutineDispatcher = loadMainDispatcher()

    private fun loadMainDispatcher(): MainCoroutineDispatcher {
        return try {
            val factories = if (FAST_SERVICE_LOADER_ENABLED) {
                FastServiceLoader.loadMainDispatcherFactory()
            } else {
                // We are explicitly using the
                // `ServiceLoader.load(MyClass::class.java, MyClass::class.java.classLoader).iterator()`
                // form of the ServiceLoader call to enable R8 optimization when compiled on Android.
                ServiceLoader.load(
                        MainDispatcherFactory::class.java,
                        MainDispatcherFactory::class.java.classLoader
                ).iterator().asSequence().toList()
            }
            @Suppress("ConstantConditionIf")
            factories.maxByOrNull { it.loadPriority }?.tryCreateDispatcher(factories)
                ?: createMissingDispatcher()
        } catch (e: Throwable) {
            // Service loader can throw an exception as well
            createMissingDispatcher(e)
        }
    }
}

可以看到Dispatchers.Main就是单例对象MainDispatcherLoader.loadMainDispatcher()方法的返回值，该方法会通过MainDispatcherFactory去创建一个MainCoroutineDispatcher对象。因此Dispatchers.Main属于MainCoroutineDispatcher类型。MainDispatcherFactory是一个抽象接口，它的实现类是AndroidDispatcherFactory，如下：

internal class AndroidDispatcherFactory : MainDispatcherFactory {
    override fun createDispatcher(allFactories: List<MainDispatcherFactory>): MainCoroutineDispatcher {
        val mainLooper = Looper.getMainLooper() ?: throw IllegalStateException("The main looper is not available")
        return HandlerContext(mainLooper.asHandler(async = true))
    }

    override fun hintOnError(): String = "For tests Dispatchers.setMain from kotlinx-coroutines-test module can be used"
    override val loadPriority: Int
        get() = Int.MAX_VALUE / 2
}

很明显这里createDispatcher方法创建了一个HandlerContext对象返回，并且我们注意到，它使用主线程的Looper对象来创建的Handler。

事实上  Dispatchers.Main 是一个多平台化的 API，在 Android、JavaFX、Swing等场景下实现的细节都不同，我们用 Intelij IDEA 打开 kotlinx.coroutines 项目的源码，这三者的实现都位于 ui 这个目录下。我们在 kotlinx.coroutines.android 包下找到了 HandlerDispatcher.kt 这个代码文件， HandlerContext的具体实现就在其中。

         

因此，我们可以得到一个结论就是：在 Android 平台上  Dispatchers.Main 就是一个  HandlerContext 对象。

        

HandlerContext的主要源码如下：

// HandlerDispatcher.kt
internal class HandlerContext private constructor(
    private val handler: Handler,
    private val name: String?,
    private val invokeImmediately: Boolean
) : HandlerDispatcher(), Delay {
    constructor(
        handler: Handler,
        name: String? = null
    ) : this(handler, name, false)

    @Volatile
    private var _immediate: HandlerContext? = if (invokeImmediately) this else null

    override val immediate: HandlerContext = _immediate ?:
        HandlerContext(handler, name, true).also { _immediate = it }

    override f