[C#基础]线程学习笔记(一)

参考链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/miniwiki/archive/2010/06/18/1760540.html

msdn上的相关介绍(Thread类)：https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/system.threading.thread(v=vs.110).aspx

1.创建一个简单的线程

using System;
using System.Threading;

class ThreadTest
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        Thread t = new Thread(WriteY);
        t.Start();
        while (true)
        {
            Console.Write("x");
            Console.Read();
        }
    }

    static void WriteY()
    {
        while (true)
        {
            Console.Write("y");
            Console.Read();
        }
    }
}

2.数据共享

之所以是"较大几率"，是因为对象t和线程这两个东东的执行先后顺序是不确定的，这就涉及到线程安全的问题了

using System;
using System.Threading;

class ThreadTest2
{
    bool done = false;

    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        ThreadTest2 t = new ThreadTest2();
        new Thread(t.Go).Start();
        t.Go();
        Console.Read();
    }

    void Go()
    {
        if (!done)
        {
            //a.输出一次(调用的对象都是t)
            done = true;
            Console.Write("done");

            //b.输出两次(较大几率)
            //Console.Write("done");
            //done = true;
        }
    }
}

3.锁

保证线程安全的一个方法就是设置锁，当两个线程争夺一个锁的时候，先争夺到的线程会先进入，而另一个线程则会等待

锁可以限制线程进入临界区

using System;
using System.Threading;

class ThreadTest3
{
    bool done = false;
    object locker = new object();

    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        ThreadTest3 t = new ThreadTest3();
        new Thread(t.Go).Start();
        t.Go();
        Console.Read();
    }

    void Go()
    {
        lock (locker)
        {
            if (!done)
            {
                //a.输出一次
                Console.Write("done");
                done = true;
            }
        }
    }
}

4.线程临时暂停

也是保证线程安全的一个方法

using System;
using System.Threading;

class ThreadTest4
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3));//3秒后输出
        ThreadTest4 t = new ThreadTest4();
        new Thread(t.Go).Start();
        t.Go();
        Console.Read();
    }

    void Go()
    {
        Console.Write("done");
    }
}

5.线程阻塞

using System;
using System.Threading;

class ThreadTest5
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        Thread t = new Thread(Go);
        t.Join();//阻塞线程，将不会输出并提示异常
        t.Start();
    }

    static void Go()
    {
        Console.Write("hello");
    }
}

6.与线程相关的委托

区别是一个能传递参数，一个不能

public delegate void ThreadStart()

public delegate void ParameterizedThreadStart(
	Object obj
)

using System;
using System.Threading;

class ThreadTest6
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        //ThreadStart是.net中的委托
        Thread t = new Thread(new ThreadStart(Go));
        t.Start();

        //匿名委托
        Thread t2 = new Thread(delegate() { Console.Write("world"); });
        t2.Start();

        Console.Read();
    }

    static void Go()
    {
        Console.Write("hello");
    }
}

7.与线程相关的委托

using System;
using System.Threading;

class ThreadTest7
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        Thread t = new Thread(Go);
        t.Start(true);//Start的重载方法，只能传递一个参数
        Go(false);

        //传递多个参数
        Thread t2 = new Thread(delegate() { Go(1, 2); });
        t2.Start();

        Console.Read();
    }

    static void Go(object o)
    {
        bool b = (bool)o;
        Console.Write(b ? "hello" : "world");
    }

    static void Go(int a, int b)
    {
        Console.Write(a + b);
    }
}

8.使用匿名委托的注意点

using System;
using System.Threading;

class ThreadTest8
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        string text = "Before";
        Thread t = new Thread(delegate() { WriteText(text); });
        text = "After";
        t.Start();//输出After
        Console.Read();
    }

    static void WriteText(string text)
    {
        Console.Write(text);
    }
}

9.将实例方法传入线程

using System;
using System.Threading;

class ThreadTest9
{
    bool b = false;

    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        ThreadTest9 instance = new ThreadTest9();
        instance.b = true;
        Thread t = new Thread(instance.Go);
        t.Start();

        ThreadTest9 instance2 = new ThreadTest9();
        instance2.Go();

        Console.Read();
    }

    void Go()
    {
        Console.Write(b ? "hello" : "world");
    }
}

10.命名线程

using System;
using System.Threading;

class ThreadTest10
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        Thread.CurrentThread.Name = "main";
        Thread t = new Thread(Go);
        t.Name = "t";
        t.Start();
        Go();
        Console.Read();
    }

    static void Go()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("hello from " + Thread.CurrentThread.Name);
    }
}