AsyncTask源码分析

1. 创建对象

private class DownloadFilesTask extends AsyncTask<URL, Integer, Long> {
	protected Long doInBackground(URL... urls) {
		int count = urls.length;
		long totalSize = 0;
		for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
			totalSize += Downloader.downloadFile(urls[i]);
			publishProgress((int) ((i / (float) count) * 100));
			// Escape early if cancel() is called
			if (isCancelled()) break;
		}
		return totalSize;
	}

	protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... progress) {
		setProgressPercent(progress[0]);
	}

	protected void onPostExecute(Long result) {
		showDialog("Downloaded " + result + " bytes");
	}
}

DownloadFilesTask downloadTask = new DownloadFilesTask();

创建对象时，会调用AsyncTask的无参数构造：

    //Creates a new asynchronous task. This constructor must be invoked on the UI thread.
    public AsyncTask() {
        this((Looper) null);
    }

   　//Creates a new asynchronous task. This constructor must be invoked on the UI thread.
    public AsyncTask(@Nullable Looper callbackLooper) {
        mHandler = callbackLooper == null || callbackLooper == Looper.getMainLooper()
            ? getMainHandler()
            : new Handler(callbackLooper);

        mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() {
            public Result call() throws Exception {
                mTaskInvoked.set(true);
                Result result = null;
                try {
                    Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
                    //noinspection unchecked
                    result = doInBackground(mParams);
                    Binder.flushPendingCommands();
                } catch (Throwable tr) {
                    mCancelled.set(true);
                    throw tr;
                } finally {
                    postResult(result);
                }
                return result;
            }
        };

        mFuture = new FutureTask<Result>(mWorker) {
            @Override
            protected void done() {
                try {
                    postResultIfNotInvoked(get());
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e);
                } catch (ExecutionException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException("An error occurred while executing doInBackground()",
                            e.getCause());
                } catch (CancellationException e) {
                    postResultIfNotInvoked(null);
                }
            }
        };
    }

1) mHandler

通过AsyncTask传入的callbackLooper为null，则mHandler的值从getMainHandler方法中获取。

    private static Handler getMainHandler() {
        synchronized (AsyncTask.class) {
            if (sHandler == null) {
                sHandler = new InternalHandler(Looper.getMainLooper());
            }
            return sHandler;
        }
    }

    private static class InternalHandler extends Handler {
        public InternalHandler(Looper looper) {
            super(looper);
        }

        @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            AsyncTaskResult<?> result = (AsyncTaskResult<?>) msg.obj;
            switch (msg.what) {
                case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT:
                    // There is only one result
                    result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);
                    break;
                case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:
                    result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);
                    break;
            }
        }
    }

创建sHandler时，用到了Looper.getMainLooper方法，说明sHandler和主线程的Looper绑定，sHandler的handlerMessage方法是运行在主线程中的。

    /**
     * Returns the application's main looper, which lives in the main thread of the application.
     */
    public static Looper getMainLooper() {
        synchronized (Looper.class) {
            return sMainLooper;
        }
    }

2) mWorker

private final WorkerRunnable<Params, Result> mWorker;

private static abstract class WorkerRunnable<Params, Result> implements Callable<Result>{
    Params[] mParams;
}

public interface Callable<V> {
    /**
     * Computes a result, or throws an exception if unable to do so.
     *
     * @return computed result
     * @throws Exception if unable to compute a result
     */
    V call() throws Exception;
}

在创建mWorker对象时，实现了Callable接口的call方法，且call方法运行在线程池的某个工作线程中。此时会先执行doInBackGround方法，进而调用自己实现的doInBackGround方法。不管执行结果如何，都会执行postResult方法。故doInBackGround方法执行在子线程中。

    private Result postResult(Result result) {
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        Message message = getHandler().obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT,
                new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(this, result));
        message.sendToTarget();
        return result;
    }

    private Handler getHandler() {
        return mHandler;
    }

在工作线程总，通过mHandler发消息，最终由mHandler的handlerMessage方法处理。因为mHandler和主线程的Looper绑定，mHandler的handlerMessage方法是运行在主线中的。

发送的消息id为MESSAGE_POST_RESULT，消息内容为 new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(this, result) ，则静态内部类的mTask为this，mData为doInBackGround方法的返回值result。

　 private static class AsyncTaskResult<Data> {
        final AsyncTask mTask;
        final Data[] mData;

        AsyncTaskResult(AsyncTask task, Data... data) {
            mTask = task;//传入this,表示是当前AsyncTask
            mData = data;
        }
  }

在mHandler的handlerMessage方法中，最终会调用finish方法，若任务中间被取消，则执行onCancelled方法，否则执行onPostExecute方法。因为mHandler的handlerMessage方法是运行在主线中，则onCancelled/onPostExecute方法也都运行在主线程中。

    private static class InternalHandler extends Handler {
        public InternalHandler(Looper looper) {
            super(looper);
        }

        @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            AsyncTaskResult<?> result = (AsyncTaskResult<?>) msg.obj;
            switch (msg.what) {
                case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT:
                    // There is only one result
                    result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);
                    break;
                case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:
                    result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);
                    break;
            }
        }
    }

    private void finish(Result result) {
        if (isCancelled()) {
            onCancelled(result);
        } else {
            onPostExecute(result);
        }
        mStatus = Status.FINISHED;
    }

    @MainThread
    protected void onPostExecute(Result result) {
    }

3) publishProgress

doInBackground方法用于后台执行耗时任务，此时可以调用publishProgress更新进度

    @WorkerThread
    protected final void publishProgress(Progress... values) {
        if (!isCancelled()) {
            getHandler().obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS,
                    new AsyncTaskResult<Progress>(this, values)).sendToTarget();
        }
    }

若没有取消任务，则会发消息，消息id为MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS，消息内容为当前进度。

    private static class InternalHandler extends Handler {
        public InternalHandler(Looper looper) {
            super(looper);
        }

        @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            AsyncTaskResult<?> result = (AsyncTaskResult<?>) msg.obj;
            switch (msg.what) {
                case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT:
                    // There is only one result
                    result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);
                    break;
                case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:
                    result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);
                    break;
            }
        }
    }

在mHandler的handlerMessage方法中，会调用onPorgressUpdate方法更新当前进度，且此时onPorgressUpdate方法是运行在主线程中的。

4) mFuture

mWorker作为参数，传入FutureTask，不管执行完毕，还是中途取消任务，都会执行重写的done方法，进而执行postResultIfNotInvoked方法。

    private final FutureTask<Result> mFuture;

        mFuture = new FutureTask<Result>(mWorker) {
            @Override
            protected void done() {
                try {
                    postResultIfNotInvoked(get());
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e);
                } catch (ExecutionException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException("An error occurred while executing doInBackground()",
                            e.getCause());
                } catch (CancellationException e) {
                    postResultIfNotInvoked(null);
                }
            }
        };

因为在2)中的Call方法中把mTaskInvoked置为了true，此时不会执行postResult方法。

    private void postResultIfNotInvoked(Result result) {
        final boolean wasTaskInvoked = mTaskInvoked.get();
        if (!wasTaskInvoked) {
            postResult(result);
        }
    }

2 运行

downloadTask.execute(url1, url2, url3);

此时会调用executeOnExecutor方法

    @MainThread
    public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> execute(Params... params) {
        return executeOnExecutor(sDefaultExecutor, params);
    }

mStatus有PENDING、RUNNING、FINISHED三种状态，若此时不处于PENDING状态，就会报错。这也就是为什么多次调用同一个AsyncTask对象会报错。一个对象只能执行一次任务，若需要执行其他任务，则要再创建对象，这也就是为什么AsyncTask是轻量级的异步类。

    @MainThread
    public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> executeOnExecutor(Executor exec,
            Params... params) {
        if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) {
            switch (mStatus) {
                case RUNNING:
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
                            + " the task is already running.");
                case FINISHED:
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
                            + " the task has already been executed "
                            + "(a task can be executed only once)");
            }
        }

        mStatus = Status.RUNNING;

        onPreExecute();

        mWorker.mParams = params;
        exec.execute(mFuture);

        return this;
    }

开始执行任务前会先调用onPreExecute()方法，可进行显示进度条等UI操作，因为此方法运行在主线程中。

真正执行任务的是exec.execute(mFuture)方法，也就是sDefaultExecutor的execute(mFuture)方法。

private static volatile Executor sDefaultExecutor = SERIAL_EXECUTOR;

public static final Executor SERIAL_EXECUTOR = new SerialExecutor();

private static class SerialExecutor implements Executor {
        final ArrayDeque<Runnable> mTasks = new ArrayDeque<Runnable>();
        Runnable mActive;

        public synchronized void execute(final Runnable r) {
            mTasks.offer(new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    try {
                        r.run();
                    } finally {
                        scheduleNext();
                    }
                }
            });
            if (mActive == null) {
                scheduleNext();
            }
        }

        protected synchronized void scheduleNext() {
            if ((mActive = mTasks.poll()) != null) {
                THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR.execute(mActive);
            }
        }
}

public interface Executor {

    /**
     * Executes the given command at some time in the future.  The command
     * may execute in a new thread, in a pooled thread, or in the calling
     * thread, at the discretion of the {@code Executor} implementation.
     *
     * @param command the runnable task
     * @throws RejectedExecutionException if this task cannot be
     * accepted for execution
     * @throws NullPointerException if command is null
     */
    void execute(Runnable command);
}

也就是执行mFuture的run方法

    public void run() {
        if (state != NEW ||
            !U.compareAndSwapObject(this, RUNNER, null, Thread.currentThread()))
            return;
        try {
            Callable<V> c = callable;
            if (c != null && state == NEW) {
                V result;
                boolean ran;
                try {
                    result = c.call();
                    ran = true;
                } catch (Throwable ex) {
                    result = null;
                    ran = false;
                    setException(ex);
                }
                if (ran)
                    set(result);
            }
        } finally {
            // runner must be non-null until state is settled to
            // prevent concurrent calls to run()
            runner = null;
            // state must be re-read after nulling runner to prevent
            // leaked interrupts
            int s = state;
            if (s >= INTERRUPTING)
                handlePossibleCancellationInterrupt(s);
        }
    }

因为mWorker作为Callable类型的参数，传入了mFuture，会先执行mFuture的call方法，也就是doInBackground方法，把后台处理结果返回，置ran为true。接着调用set(result)方法

    protected void set(V v) {
        if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, STATE, NEW, COMPLETING)) {
            outcome = v;
            U.putOrderedInt(this, STATE, NORMAL); // final state
            finishCompletion();
        }
    }

又会调用到finishCompletion方法，接着执行done方法，就会执行到mFuture的done方法。在finishCompletion方法内会把callable置null。

    private void finishCompletion() {
        // assert state > COMPLETING;
        for (WaitNode q; (q = waiters) != null;) {
            if (U.compareAndSwapObject(this, WAITERS, q, null)) {
                for (;;) {
                    Thread t = q.thread;
                    if (t != null) {
                        q.thread = null;
                        LockSupport.unpark(t);
                    }
                    WaitNode next = q.next;
                    if (next == null)
                        break;
                    q.next = null; // unlink to help gc
                    q = next;
                }
                break;
            }
        }

        done();

        callable = null;        // to reduce footprint
    }

如果在调用了AsyncTask的execute方法后立马就执行了AsyncTask的cancel方法（实际执行mFuture的cancel方法），那么会执行done方法，且捕获到CancellationException异常，从而执行语句postResultIfNotInvoked(null)，由于此时还没有来得及执行mWorker的call方法，所以mTaskInvoked还未false，这样就可以把null传递给postResult方法。

3 线程池

AsyncTask中使用了线程池，缓存了一定数量的线程，避免了不断创建、销毁线程带来的开销，提高了性能。

    //本机处理器的核心数
    private static final int CPU_COUNT = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();
    // We want at least 2 threads and at most 4 threads in the core pool,
    // preferring to have 1 less than the CPU count to avoid saturating
    // the CPU with background work
    //AsyncTask所使用的线程池的核心线程数
    private static final int CORE_POOL_SIZE = Math.max(2, Math.min(CPU_COUNT - 1, 4));
    //AsyncTask所使用的线程池的最大线程数:2被核心数+1
    private static final int MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE = CPU_COUNT * 2 + 1;
    private static final int KEEP_ALIVE_SECONDS = 30;

    //实例化线程工厂ThreadFactory，sThreadFactory用于在后面创建线程池
    private static final ThreadFactory sThreadFactory = new ThreadFactory() {
        //AtomicInteger是一个提供原子操作的Integer类，确保了其getAndIncrement方法是线程安全的
        private final AtomicInteger mCount = new AtomicInteger(1);

        //重写newThread方法的目的是为了将新增线程的名字以"AsyncTask #"标识    
        public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {            
            return new Thread(r, "AsyncTask #" + mCount.getAndIncrement());
        }
    };

    private static final BlockingQueue<Runnable> sPoolWorkQueue =
            new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(128);

    /**
     * An {@link Executor} that can be used to execute tasks in parallel.
     */
    public static final Executor THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR;

    static {
        //静态代码块内实例化线程池
        ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
                CORE_POOL_SIZE, MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE, KEEP_ALIVE_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                sPoolWorkQueue, sThreadFactory);
        threadPoolExecutor.allowCoreThreadTimeOut(true);
        THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR = threadPoolExecutor;
    }