数字图像处理Project1——指纹图片的增强

要求

去掉给定指纹区域附近的雾气。

方法

1, Make a histogram of the origin picture, observe the gray distribution of the pixel.
2, Choose the appropriate threshold and then turn the picture into binarization.
3, Define a mask matrix and turn the black pixel into white and turn the white pixel into black, so that we can use the erosion and dilation easily.
4, Use the method of morphology such as erosion and dilation, as well as Open and Close operation, to obtain a basic area of the finger image without the noises, which are around the finger.
5, After obtain the area of finger, turn this area into the origin picture by multiply the input picture.
6, Choose the part of the picture which been smoothing slightly to fulfill the result picture, where lost some detail after masking.
7, Turn the result picture into binarization to have a better look of the result.

效果

源码（Matlab）

%picture 5
clear all;
x =  imread('5.bmp');
[M,N]=size(x);
x_5 = x;

g = im2bw(x,80/255);

mask=zeros(M,N);
g =uint8(g);
for i=1:M
    for j=1:N
       if(g(i,j)==0)
          mask(i,j)=1;
       end  
    end
end

B1 = ones(6);
B2 = ones(3);

f1 = imdilate(mask,B2);
f1=imerode(f1,B2);

f1=imdilate(f1,B1);
f1=imdilate(f1,B1);
f1=imdilate(f1,B1);
f1=imdilate(f1,B1);
f1=imdilate(f1,B1);
f1=imdilate(f1,B1);
f1=imdilate(f1,B1);


f1=imerode(f1,B1);
f1=imerode(f1,B1);
f1=imerode(f1,B1);

for i =1:11
    f1=imdilate(f1,B1);
end

for i =1:13
    f1=imerode(f1,B1);
end

g =x.*uint8(f1);
for i=1:M
    for j=1:N
     if(g(i,j)==0)
          g(i,j)=255; 
     end
   end
end

g_5 = im2bw(g,220/255);


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%picture 8
x =  imread('8.bmp');
[M,N]=size(x);
x_8 = x;

g = im2bw(x,80/255);

mask=zeros(M,N);
g =uint8(g);
for i=1:M
    for j=1:N
       if(g(i,j)==0)
          mask(i,j)=1;
       end  
    end
end

B1 = ones(6);
B2 = ones(3);

f1 = imdilate(mask,B2);
f1=imerode(f1,B2);

f1=imdilate(f1,B1);
f1=imdilate(f1,B1);
f1=imdilate(f1,B1);
f1=imdilate(f1,B1);
f1=imdilate(f1,B1);
f1=imdilate(f1,B1);
f1=imdilate(f1,B1);


f1=imerode(f1,B1);
f1=imerode(f1,B1);
f1=imerode(f1,B1);


for i =1:8
    f1=imdilate(f1,B1);
end

for i =1:11
    f1=imerode(f1,B1);
end

g =x.*uint8(f1);
for i=1:M
    for j=1:N
     if(g(i,j)==0)
          g(i,j)=255; 
     end
   end
end

g_8 = im2bw(g,240/255);

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%picture 18

x =  imread('18.bmp');
[M,N]=size(x);
x_18 = x;
g_orign = x;

t = 190;
for i=1:M
    for j=1:N
        if (g_orign(i,j)>=t)
            g_orign(i,j)=255;
        else
            g_orign(i,j)=0;
        end
    end
end

g = im2bw(x,100/255);

mask=zeros(M,N);
g =uint8(g);
for i=1:M
    for j=1:N
       if(g(i,j)==0)
          mask(i,j)=1;
       end  
    end
end

B1 = ones(6);
B2 = ones(3);

f1 = imdilate(mask,B2);
f1=imerode(f1,B2);

f1=imdilate(f1,B1);
f1=imdilate(f1,B1);
f1=imdilate(f1,B1);
f1=imdilate(f1,B1);
f1=imdilate(f1,B1);


f1=imerode(f1,B1);
f1=imerode(f1,B1);
f1=imerode(f1,B1);
f1=imerode(f1,B1);
f1=imerode(f1,B1);
f1=imerode(f1,B1);
f1=imerode(f1,B1);
f1=imerode(f1,B1);
f1=imerode(f1,B1);
f1=imerode(f1,B1);
f1=imerode(f1,B1);
f1=imerode(f1,B1);
f1=imerode(f1,B1);


for i =1:19
    f1=imdilate(f1,B1);
end

for i =1:13
    f1=imerode(f1,B1);
end


g =x.*uint8(f1);
for i=1:M
    for j=1:N
     if(g(i,j)==0)
          g(i,j)=255; 
     end
   end
end

for i=2*M/3:M
    for j=1:N
      g(i,j) = g_orign(i,j);
   end
end

g_18 = im2bw(g,220/255);

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%picture 22

x_rgb =  imread('22.jpg');
x = rgb2gray(x_rgb);
[M,N]=size(x);
x_22 = x;
x_orign = x;

g = im2bw(x,35/255);

mask=zeros(M,N);
g =uint8(g);
for i=1:M
    for j=1:N
       if(g(i,j)==0)
          mask(i,j)=1;
       end  
    end
end

B1 = ones(9);
B2 = ones(3);

f1 = imdilate(mask,B2);
f1=imerode(f1,B2);

f1=imdilate(f1,B1);
f1=imdilate(f1,B1);
f1=imdilate(f1,B1);

f1=imerode(f1,B1);
f1=imerode(f1,B1);
f1=imerode(f1,B1);
f1=imerode(f1,B1);

for i =1:13
    f1=imdilate(f1,B1);
end

for i =1:13
    f1=imerode(f1,B1);
end

g =x.*uint8(f1);
for i=1:M
    for j=1:N
     if(g(i,j)==0)
          g(i,j)=255;         
     end
   end
end

for i=M/2:M
    for j=1:N
      g(i,j) = x_orign(i,j);
   end
end

SE = [0 1 0;
      1 1 1;
      0 1 0;];
g_22 = imerode(g,SE);

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%output the result
figure(1)
subplot(2,4,1)
imshow(x_5),title('Orign5');
subplot(2,4,2);
imshow(g_5),title('Result5');
subplot(2,4,3)
imshow(x_8),title('Orign8');
subplot(2,4,4);
imshow(g_8),title('Result8');

subplot(2,4,5)
imshow(x_18),title('Orign18');
subplot(2,4,6);
imshow(g_18),title('Result18');
subplot(2,4,7)
imshow(x_22),title('Orign22');
subplot(2,4,8);
imshow(g_22),title('Result22');