组合数 C n m C_{n}^{m} Cnm
表达意义
C
n
m
C_{n}^{m}
Cnm 的意义: 从n个元素中, 取m个元素的不同组合个数.
如: 从 A, B, C 三个字母中, 取两个字母的不同组合个数?
A, B, C 的两两组合为: AB, BC, AC.
n = 总字母个数, m = 取几个字母组合,
则: 表示为:
C
3
2
C_{3}^{2}
C32
计算公式1
公式:
C
n
m
=
n
!
m
!
⋅
(
n
−
m
)
!
C_{n}^{m} = \frac{n!}{m!\cdot (n-m)!}
Cnm=m!⋅(n−m)!n!
n
!
=
n
∗
(
n
−
1
)
∗
(
n
−
2
)
∗
(
n
−
3
)
∗
⋯
⋯
∗
1
n! =n*(n-1) *(n-2)*(n-3)*\cdots\cdots*1
n!=n∗(n−1)∗(n−2)∗(n−3)∗⋯⋯∗1
如:
n
=
5
n=5
n=5
则:
5
!
=
5
∗
4
∗
3
∗
2
∗
1
5!=5*4*3*2*1
5!=5∗4∗3∗2∗1
如:
n
=
7
n=7
n=7
则:
7
!
=
7
∗
6
∗
5
∗
4
∗
3
∗
2
∗
1
7!=7*6*5*4*3*2*1
7!=7∗6∗5∗4∗3∗2∗1
特殊情况: 1 ! = 1 1!=1 1!=1 , 0 ! = 1 0!=1 0!=1
计算(1):
C
3
2
=
?
C_{3}^{2} = ?
C32=?,
n
=
3
,
m
=
2
n=3, m=2
n=3,m=2 带入公式:
n
!
m
!
⋅
(
n
−
m
)
!
\frac{n!}{m!\cdot (n-m)!}
m!⋅(n−m)!n!
=
3
!
2
!
⋅
(
3
−
2
)
!
=\frac{3!}{2!\cdot (3-2)!}
=2!⋅(3−2)!3!
=
3
∗
2
∗
1
2
∗
1
⋅
(
1
)
!
=\frac{3*2*1}{2*1\cdot (1)!}
=2∗1⋅(1)!3∗2∗1
=
6
2
∗
1
=\frac{6}{2 * 1}
=2∗16
=
6
2
=\frac{6}{2}
=26
=
3
=3
=3
C
3
2
=
3
C_{3}^{2} = 3
C32=3
计算(2):
C
5
3
=
?
C_{5}^{3} = ?
C53=?,
n
=
5
,
m
=
3
n=5, m=3
n=5,m=3 带入公式:
n
!
m
!
⋅
(
n
−
m
)
!
\frac{n!}{m!\cdot (n-m)!}
m!⋅(n−m)!n!
=
5
!
3
!
⋅
(
5
−
3
)
!
=\frac{5!}{3!\cdot (5-3)!}
=3!⋅(5−3)!5!
=
5
!
3
!
⋅
(
2
)
!
=\frac{5!}{3!\cdot (2)!}
=3!⋅(2)!5!
=
5
∗
4
∗
3
∗
2
∗
1
3
∗
2
∗
1
⋅
(
2
∗
1
)
!
=\frac{ 5 * 4 * 3 * 2 * 1 }{ 3 * 2 * 1 \cdot (2 * 1) !}
=3∗2∗1⋅(2∗1)!5∗4∗3∗2∗1
=
120
6
∗
2
=\frac{120}{ 6 * 2}
=6∗2120
=
120
12
=\frac{120}{12}
=12120
=
10
=10
=10
C
5
3
=
10
C_{5}^{3} = 10
C53=10