单片机制作井字棋（使用MAX7219，8*8led显示器）

准备

材料	系列
单片机	STC或AT系列单片机（这里使用STC12C2052AD）
显示器	MAX7219驱动的8*8led矩阵
输入设备	4*4按钮矩阵

代码

以下为其所有代码

#include <reg51.h>
#include <intrins.h>
 
#define u8 unsigned char
#define u16  unsigned int
 
#define DECODE_MODE  0x09
#define INTENSITY    0x0A
#define SCAN_LIMIT   0x0B
#define SHUT_DOWN    0x0C
#define DISPLAY_TEST 0x0F
#define KEY P1
 
sbit MAX7219_CLK = P3^3;
sbit MAX7219_CS  = P3^4;
sbit MAX7219_DIN = P3^5;

u16 turn;
 
u8 bytes[8] = {
  0x24,0x24,0xFF,0x24,0x24,0xFF,0x24,0x24
};

u8 code hexCode[16][16] = {
	{0x00,0x01,0x02,0x03,0x04,0x05,0x06,0x07,0x08,0x09,0x0A,0x0B,0x0C,0x0D,0x0E,0x0F},//0
	{0x10,0x11,0x12,0x13,0x14,0x15,0x16,0x17,0x18,0x19,0x1A,0x1B,0x1C,0x1D,0x1E,0x1F},//1
	{0x20,0x21,0x22,0x23,0x24,0x25,0x26,0x27,0x28,0X29,0x2A,0x2B,0x2C,0x2D,0x2E,0x2F},//2
	{0x30,0x31,0x32,0x33,0x34,0x35,0x36,0x37,0x38,0x39,0x3A,0x3B,0x3C,0x3D,0x3E,0x3F},//3
	{0x40,0x41,0x42,0x43,0x44,0x45,0x46,0x47,0x48,0x49,0x4A,0x4B,0x4C,0x4D,0x4E,0x4F},//4
	{0x50,0x51,0x52,0x53,0x54,0x55,0x56,0x57,0x58,0x59,0x5A,0x5B,0x5C,0x5D,0x5E,0x5F},//5
	{0x60,0x61,0x62,0x63,0x64,0x65,0x66,0x67,0x68,0x69,0x6A,0x6B,0x6C,0x6D,0x6E,0x6F},//6
	{0x70,0x71,0x72,0x73,0x74,0x75,0x76,0x77,0x78,0x79,0x7A,0x7B,0x7C,0x7D,0x7E,0x7F},//7
	{0x80,0x81,0x82,0x83,0x84,0x85,0x86,0x87,0x88,0x89,0x8A,0x8B,0x8C,0x8D,0x8E,0x8F},//8
	{0x90,0x91,0x92,0x93,0x94,0x95,0x96,0x97,0x98,0x99,0x9A,0x9B,0x9C,0x9D,0x9E,0x9F},//9
	{0xA0,0xA1,0xA2,0xA3,0xA4,0xA5,0xA6,0xA7,0xA8,0xA9,0xAA,0xAB,0xAC,0xAD,0xAE,0xAF},//10
	{0xB0,0xB1,0xB2,0xB3,0xB4,0xB5,0xB6,0xB7,0xB8,0xB9,0xBA,0xBB,0xBC,0xBD,0xBE,0xBF},//11
	{0xC0,0xC1,0xC2,0xC3,0xC4,0xC5,0xC6,0xC7,0xC8,0xC9,0xCA,0xCB,0xCC,0xCD,0xCE,0xCF},//12
	{0xD0,0xD1,0xD2,0xD3,0xD4,0xD5,0xD6,0xD7,0xD8,0xD9,0xDA,0xDB,0xDC,0xDD,0xDE,0xDF},//13
	{0xE0,0xE1,0xE2,0xE3,0xE4,0xE5,0xE6,0xE7,0xE8,0xE9,0xEA,0xEB,0xEC,0xED,0xEE,0xEF},//14
	{0xF0,0xF1,0xF2,0xF3,0xF4,0xF5,0xF6,0xF7,0xF8,0xF9,0xFA,0xFB,0xFC,0xFD,0xFE,0xFF} //15
};

u8 code bndcode[16][4] = {
	{'0','0','0','0'},
	{'0','0','0','1'},
	{'0','0','1','0'},
	{'0','0','1','1'},
	{'0','1','0','0'},
	{'0','1','0','1'},
	{'0','1','1','0'},
	{'0','1','1','1'},
	{'1','0','0','0'},
	{'1','0','0','1'},
	{'1','0','1','0'},
	{'1','0','1','1'},
	{'1','1','0','0'},
	{'1','1','0','1'},
	{'1','1','1','0'},
	{'1','1','1','1'},
};

u8 chessboard[8][8] = {
	{'0','0','0','0','0','0','0','0'},
	{'0','0','0','0','0','0','0','0'},
	{'0','0','0','0','0','0','0','0'},
	{'0','0','0','0','0','0','0','0'},
	{'0','0','0','0','0','0','0','0'},
	{'0','0','0','0','0','0','0','0'},
	{'0','0','0','0','0','0','0','0'},
	{'0','0','0','0','0','0','0','0'},
};

u16 chess[9] = {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0};
 
void delay(u16 x)
{
  u16 i,j;
  for(i = 0; i < x; i++)
    for(j = 0;j < 200; j++);
}
 
void Max7219_writeByte(u8 dat)
{
  u8 i;
  MAX7219_CS = 0;
  for(i = 8; i >= 1; i--)
  {
    MAX7219_CLK = 0;
    MAX7219_DIN = dat & 0x80; 
    dat = dat << 1;
    MAX7219_CLK = 1;
  }
}
 
void Max7219_singeWrite(u8 addr, u8 dat)
{ 
  MAX7219_CS = 0;
  Max7219_writeByte(addr);
  Max7219_writeByte(dat);
  MAX7219_CS = 1;
}
 
void Max7219_init(void)
{
    Max7219_singeWrite(SHUT_DOWN,   0x01);  // 0x00:shutdown, 0x01:normal
    Max7219_singeWrite(DECODE_MODE, 0x00);  // No decode
    Max7219_singeWrite(INTENSITY,   0x03);  // 0x00:min, 0x0F:max
    Max7219_singeWrite(SCAN_LIMIT,  0x07);  // Display 8 digits
    Max7219_singeWrite(DISPLAY_TEST, 0x00); // 0x00:normal, 0x01:test mode
}

u16 Key(){
	unsigned char a,c;
	u16 b;
	KEY = 0x0f;
	if(KEY != 0x0f){
		delay(200);
		if(KEY != 0x0f){
			a = KEY;
			KEY = 0xf0;
			c = KEY;
			a = a|c;
			switch(a){
				case 0xee : b=1 ; break;
				case 0xed : b=2 ; break;
				case 0xeb : b=3 ; break;
				case 0xe7 : b=4 ; break;
				case 0xde : b=5 ; break;
				case 0xdd : b=6 ; break;
				case 0xdb : b=7 ; break;
				case 0xd7 : b=8 ; break;
				case 0xbe : b=9 ; break;
				case 0xbd : b=10 ; break;
				case 0xbb : b=11 ; break;
				case 0xb7 : b=12 ; break;
				case 0x7e : b=13 ; break;
				case 0x7d : b=14 ; break;
				case 0x7b : b=15 ; break;
				case 0x77 : b=16 ; break;
				default : b=0 ; break;
			}
		}
		
	}
	return (b);
}

u16 getthing(u8 Bin_number[4]){
	u16 i;
	u16 j;
	for(i=0;i<16;i++){
		for(j=0;j<4;j++){
			if(Bin_number[j]!=bndcode[i][j]){
				break;
			}
			if(j == 3){
				return i;
			}
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

u8 Change(u8 Bin_number[8]){
	u16 i;
	u8 front[4];
	u8 back[4];
	u16 frontget;
	u16 backget;
	for( i = 0;i<4;i++){
		front[i] = Bin_number[i];
	};
	for( i = 0;i<4;i++){
		back[i] = Bin_number[i+4];
	};
	frontget = getthing(front);
	backget = getthing(back);
	return hexCode[frontget][backget];
}

void startGame(){
	u16 i;
	u16 j;
	for(i=0;i<8;i++){
		for(j=0;j<8;j++){
			if(i==2||i==5){
				chessboard[i][j]='1';
			}
			else{
				if(j==2||j==5){
					chessboard[i][j]='1';
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

void enterbuttom(){
	u16 get = Key();
	u16 row; //行
	u16 line; //列
	if(get!=0&&get<=9){
		switch(get){
			case 1:row=1;line=1;break;
			case 2:row=1;line=2;break;
			case 3:row=1;line=3;break;
			case 4:row=2;line=1;break;
			case 5:row=2;line=2;break;
			case 6:row=2;line=3;break;
			case 7:row=3;line=1;break;
			case 8:row=3;line=2;break;
			case 9:row=3;line=3;break;
		}
		if(chess[get-1]==0){
			if(turn%2==1){       //白
				chessboard[row*3-3][line*3-3] = '1';
				chessboard[row*3-2][line*3-2] = '1';
				chess[get-1] = 1;
			}
			else{
				chessboard[row*3-3][line*3-2] = '1';
				chessboard[row*3-2][line*3-3] = '1';
				chess[get-1] = 2;
			};
			turn += 1;
		}
	};
}
 
void main()
{
	Max7219_init();
	startGame();
	turn = 1;
	while(1){
		u16 i;
		for(i=0;i<8;i++){
			Max7219_singeWrite(i+1,Change(chessboard[i]));
			delay(5);
		}
		enterbuttom();
	}
}

原理

首先我们先初始化MAX7219芯片，随后由驱动函数Max7219_singeWrite可知对于led每一行都要输入一个十六进制数据，将其转化为二进制就可以知道其是对应每一行灯的开断，0断1亮，如0xFF，转化为二进制就是11111111，那么这一排的灯泡就是亮的，由此我们便准备一个可以装载整个棋盘的8*8二维数组，随后让其显示“井”字，如图所示

这便是井字棋，用二进制表示则为
00100100
00100100
11111111
00100100
00100100
11111111
00100100
00100100
之后，我们便可以导入二进制转十六进制算法，详情可见以下文章
链接: 单片机C语言2进制转16进制（暴力解法）
随后我们便获取按键数据，通过计算就可以得知其下子在哪
在这里我们用↘来表示白棋，↗来表示黑棋，这样就可以做好井字棋基本结构。（当然由于井字棋过于简单，在这里小编不添加判定算法）

效果

井字棋效果展示