ffmpeg example演示教程 -AudioDecode

本人刚开始学习ffmpeg，写此博客作为笔记，也希望能帮助其他刚入门的童鞋！ffmpeg源码下载和编译本文就直接跳过，源码doc/example路径下有很多demo，可以为我们演示ffmpeg的api如何使用，对我们理解ffmpeg的api有很大帮助。本文将介绍decode_audio.c如何编译使用。

代码主体框架：
1、根据Codec ID查找编码器（Codec）
2、根据编码器 ID查找解析器（Parse）。注：解析器用于解封装，解封装后的数据放到AVPacket中
3、根据Codec创建AVCodecContext。
4、循环读取输入文件，送入解析器解封装出AVPacket，然后再解码出AVFrame数据。
inputFile ----(解封装)–> AVPacket —(解码)—>AVFrame —（保存pcm数据）–> File.pcm

注：音频中一个AVFrame可能包含多个音频帧。而视频则一个AVFrame对应一帧图像。

因测试方便，我修改了部分代码用于适配FLAC格式的音频文件。代码如下

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2001 Fabrice Bellard
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 * THE SOFTWARE.
 */

/**
 * @file
 * audio decoding with libavcodec API example
 *
 * @example decode_audio.c
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#include <libavutil/frame.h>
#include <libavutil/mem.h>

#include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>

#define AUDIO_INBUF_SIZE 20480
#define AUDIO_REFILL_THRESH 4096

static void decode(AVCodecContext *dec_ctx, AVPacket *pkt, AVFrame *frame,
                   FILE *outfile)
{
    int i, ch;
    int ret, data_size;

    /* send the packet with the compressed data to the decoder */
    ret = avcodec_send_packet(dec_ctx, pkt);
    if (ret < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error submitting the packet to the decoder\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    /* read all the output frames (in general there may be any number of them */
    while (ret >= 0) {
        ret = avcodec_receive_frame(dec_ctx, frame);
        if (ret == AVERROR(EAGAIN) || ret == AVERROR_EOF)
            return;
        else if (ret < 0) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Error during decoding\n");
            exit(1);
        }
        data_size = av_get_bytes_per_sample(dec_ctx->sample_fmt);
        if (data_size < 0) {
            /* This should not occur, checking just for paranoia */
            fprintf(stderr, "Failed to calculate data size\n");
            exit(1);
        }

		printf("+++++ FLC-DBG: data_size = %d +++++\n", data_size); //单通道样本（sample）大小
		printf("+++++ FLC-DBG: frame->nb_samples = %d +++++\n", frame->nb_samples); //帧个数
		printf("+++++ FLC-DBG: dec_ctx->channels = %d +++++\n", dec_ctx->channels); //通道数
		printf("+++++ FLC-DBG: frame->linesize[0] = %d +++++\n", frame->linesize[0]); //frame->data[0]数据长度（Bytes）
		printf("+++++ FLC-DBG: frame->linesize[1] = %d +++++\n", frame->linesize[1]);
		//FLAC格式的文件，解码后数据都放在frame->data[0]中，长度可根据frame->linesize[0]来获取。
		//原始代码不同声道数据存在不同的frame->data[i]中。
//        for (i = 0; i < frame->nb_samples; i++)
//            for (ch = 0; ch < dec_ctx->channels; ch++)
//                fwrite(frame->data[ch] + data_size*i, 1, data_size, outfile);

		//仅保存单通道数据。
		//for (i = 0; i < frame->nb_samples; i++)
		//	fwrite(frame->data[0] + i * data_size*dec_ctx->channels, 1, data_size, outfile);
		
		//保存全部通道
		fwrite(frame->data[0], 1, frame->linesize[0], outfile);
    }
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    const char *outfilename, *filename;
    const AVCodec *codec;
    AVCodecContext *c= NULL;
    AVCodecParserContext *parser = NULL;
    int len, ret;
    FILE *f, *outfile;
    uint8_t inbuf[AUDIO_INBUF_SIZE + AV_INPUT_BUFFER_PADDING_SIZE];
    uint8_t *data;
    size_t   data_size;
    AVPacket *pkt;
    AVFrame *decoded_frame = NULL;

    if (argc <= 2) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <input file> <output file>\n", argv[0]);
        exit(0);
    }
    filename    = argv[1];
    outfilename = argv[2];

	pkt = av_packet_alloc();

    /* find the MPEG audio decoder */
	//此处修改为FLAC的codec id。
    //codec = avcodec_find_decoder(AV_CODEC_ID_MP2);
    codec = avcodec_find_decoder(AV_CODEC_ID_FLAC);
    if (!codec) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Codec not found\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    parser = av_parser_init(codec->id);
    if (!parser) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Parser not found\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    c = avcodec_alloc_context3(codec);
    if (!c) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate audio codec context\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    /* open it */
    if (avcodec_open2(c, codec, NULL) < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not open codec\n");
        exit(1);
    }


    f = fopen(filename, "rb");
    if (!f) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not open %s\n", filename);
        exit(1);
    }
    outfile = fopen(outfilename, "wb");
    if (!outfile) {
        av_free(c);
        exit(1);
    }

    /* decode until eof */
    data      = inbuf;
    data_size = fread(inbuf, 1, AUDIO_INBUF_SIZE, f);

    while (data_size > 0) {
        if (!decoded_frame) {
            if (!(decoded_frame = av_frame_alloc())) {
                fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate audio frame\n");
                exit(1);
            }
        }

        ret = av_parser_parse2(parser, c, &pkt->data, &pkt->size,
                               data, data_size,
                               AV_NOPTS_VALUE, AV_NOPTS_VALUE, 0);
        if (ret < 0) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Error while parsing\n");
            exit(1);
        }
        data      += ret;
        data_size -= ret;

		printf("\n+++++ FLC-DBG: pkt->data:%p, pkt->size:%d +++++\n",
			pkt->data, pkt->size);

        if (pkt->size)
            decode(c, pkt, decoded_frame, outfile);

        if (data_size < AUDIO_REFILL_THRESH) {
            memmove(inbuf, data, data_size);
            data = inbuf;
            len = fread(data + data_size, 1,
                        AUDIO_INBUF_SIZE - data_size, f);
            if (len > 0)
                data_size += len;
        }
    }

    /* flush the decoder */
    pkt->data = NULL;
    pkt->size = 0;
    decode(c, pkt, decoded_frame, outfile);

    fclose(outfile);
    fclose(f);

    avcodec_free_context(&c);
    av_parser_close(parser);
    av_frame_free(&decoded_frame);
    av_packet_free(&pkt);

    return 0;
}

使用方法

./decode_audio ~/Music/yesterdayOnceMore.flac ~/Music/output.pcm

查看编码后的数据，使用Audacity，选择导入原始数据。

配置原始数据的采样率、位宽、声道数。

点击播放按钮，试听我们解码出来的文件吧

整个工程的下载地址：
https://download.csdn.net/download/lyy901135/11296755
注：Makefile中需要对头文件和库的路径进行适配。