java--File类与IO流详解

一、File类(实例化、基本方法、创建与删除)

package test;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Date;

class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        System.out.println("********File实例化********");
        // File(String path)
        File file1 = new File("D:"+File.separator+"work"+File.separator+"test");  // 绝对路径
        System.out.println(file1.getPath());

        // File(String parentPath,String childPath)
        File file2 = new File("DTest"+File.separator+"file","javaTest"); // 相对路径
        System.out.println(file2.getPath());

        // File(File file,String childPath)
        File file3 = new File(file1,"javaTest.iml");
        System.out.println(file2.getPath());


        System.out.println("********File实例方法********");
        // 获取路径
        System.out.println("getAbsolutePath:\t\t"+file2.getAbsolutePath());
        System.out.println("getPath:\t\t"+file2.getPath());
        System.out.println("getName:\t\t"+file2.getName());
        System.out.println("getParent:\t\t"+file2.getParent());
        System.out.println("length:\t\t\t"+file2.length());
        System.out.println("lastModified:\t"+new Date(file2.lastModified()));
        
        // 下一层文件集合(String)
        String[] list = file1.list();
        System.out.println("list:\t\t"+Arrays.asList(list));
        // 下一层文件集合(File)
        File[] files = file1.listFiles();
        for (File file : files) {
            System.out.print("listFiles:\t\t\t"+file.getName()+"  ");
        }
        System.out.println();

        // 文件重命名,file4存在,file5不能存在,返回布尔
        File file4 = new File(file1,"file1.txt");

        // 判断
        System.out.println("********判断********");
        System.out.println(file4.isDirectory());
        System.out.println(file4.isFile());
        System.out.println(file4.exists());
        System.out.println(file4.canRead());
        System.out.println(file4.canWrite());
        System.out.println(file4.isHidden());

        System.out.println("********File类创建与删除文件或目录********");
        File fileCreate = new File("createdFile.txt");
        System.out.println(fileCreate.createNewFile());
        System.out.println(fileCreate.delete());

        File fileCreatePath = new File("directory");
        System.out.println(fileCreatePath.mkdir());  // 单层目录
        File fileCreatePath1 = new File("directory1"+File.separator+"createdFiles");
        System.out.println(fileCreatePath1.mkdirs());// 多层目录
    }
}
// 输出:
********File实例化********
D:\work\test
DTest\file\javaTest
DTest\file\javaTest
********File实例方法********
getAbsolutePath:		D:\1file\JavaLearning\basicLearning\DTest\file\javaTest
getPath:		DTest\file\javaTest
getName:		javaTest
getParent:		DTest\file
length:			0
lastModified:	Thu Jan 01 08:00:00 CST 1970
list:		[directory1, directory2, directory3, file1.txt, file2.txt, file3.txt]
listFiles:			directory1  listFiles:			directory2  listFiles:			directory3  listFiles:			file1.txt  listFiles:			file2.txt  listFiles:			file3.txt  
********判断********
false
true
true
true
true
false
********File类创建与删除文件或目录********
true
true
false
false

二、IO流

1.IO流体系,基本分类

IO流体系

2.FileReader基本使用

package IOTest;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;

public class IOTest {
    @Test
    public void FileReader() {
        // 实例化流
        FileReader fr = null;

        // 为了保证流资源一定可以执行关闭操作,需要使用try-catch-finally处理
        try {
            // 提供File对象,确认文件存在且有内容
            File file = new File("D:"+File.separator+"work"+File.separator+"test"+File.separator+"file1.txt");
            System.out.println(file.getAbsolutePath()+"    "+file.exists()+"    "+file.length());

            fr = new FileReader(file);

            // 读入数据,方式1
            /*int data = fr.read(); // read方法只读一个字符
            while (data != -1){
                System.out.print((char)data);
                data = fr.read();
            }*/

            // 读入数据,方式2
            /*int data;
            while ((data = fr.read()) != -1){ // read方法只读一个字符
                System.out.print((char)data);
            }*/

            // 读入数据,方式3,常用
            char [] data = new char[6]; // 声明数组作为read的参数,用于存放每次读入的数据
            int len ; // 每次读入数据的字符个数
            while ((len= fr.read(data)) != -1){
                // for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {System.out.print(data[i]);}
                // 或者
                System.out.print(new String(data, 0, len));
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                // 防止fr在实例化之前报异常进入finally报错,加判断后关闭
                if(fr != null)
                    fr.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}
// 输出
D:\work\test\file1.txt    true    232
I don’t know what your dream is . 
I don’t care how disappointing it might have been, 
as you’ve been working toward that dream.
That dream that you are holding in your mind is possible. 

鹅鹅鹅,曲项向天歌

如果中文出现乱码,请将文件调整为utf8编码:
在这里插入图片描述

3.FileWriter基本使用

package IOTest;


import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;

public class IOTest {
    @Test
    public void FileWriter() {
        // File实例化可以放在try外面,因为文件可以不存在
        File file = new File("D:"+File.separator+"work"+File.separator+"test"+File.separator+"file4.txt");
        FileWriter fw = null;
        try {
            // 文件不存在时,new时自动创建
            fw = new FileWriter(file); // 默认覆盖写,实例化时清空文件内容,并改变文件的修改时间与访问时间
            // fw = new FileWriter(file,true); // 追加写,,实例化不改变文件的修改时间与访问时间

            fw.write("I have an apple\n");
            fw.write("I have a pen\n");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                fw.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

4.FileWriter与FileReader实现文件复制

package IOTest;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;

public class IOTest {
    @Test
    public void FileCopy() {
        FileReader fr = null;
        FileWriter fw = null;
        File toFile = new File("d:\\work\\test\\file5.txt");
        try {
            File fromFile = new File("d:\\work\\test\\file1.txt");

            fr = new FileReader(fromFile);
            fw = new FileWriter(toFile);

            char[] data = new char[6];
            int len ;
            while ((len = fr.read(data)) != -1){
                fw.write(data, 0, len); // 与fr.read()相同的写法
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                if(fr != null)
                    fr.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            try {
                if (fw != null)
                    fw.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

5.FileInputStream与FileOutputStream实现视频复制

package IOTest;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

public class IOTest {
    @Test
    public void FileInputStream() {
        FileInputStream fis = null;
        FileOutputStream fos = null;
        File toFile = new File("d:\\work\\test\\testVideoCopy.avi");
        try {
            File fromFile = new File("d:\\work\\test\\testVideo.avi");
            fis = new FileInputStream(fromFile);

            fos = new FileOutputStream(toFile);

            byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
            int len;
            while ((len = fis.read(bytes)) != -1){
                fos.write(bytes, 0, len);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                if (fis != null)
                    fis.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            try {
                if (fos != null)
                    fos.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

    }
}

6.使用缓冲流FBufferedInputStream与BufferedOutputStream提高效率(生产常用)

package IOTest;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.*;

public class IOTest {
    @Test
    public void FileInputStream() {
        FileInputStream fis = null;
        FileOutputStream fos = null;
        BufferedInputStream bis = null;
        BufferedOutputStream bos = null;
        File toFile = new File("d:\\work\\test\\testVideoCopy1.avi");
        try {
            File fromFile = new File("d:\\work\\test\\testVideo.avi");
            fis = new FileInputStream(fromFile);
            bis = new BufferedInputStream(fis);
            fos = new FileOutputStream(toFile);
            bos = new BufferedOutputStream(fos);
            byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
            int len;
            while ((len = bis.read(bytes)) != -1){
                bos.write(bytes, 0, len);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                if (fis != null)
                    fis.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            try {
                if (fos != null)
                    fos.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

    }
}

7.使用缓冲流bufferedReader 与bufferedWriter 提高文本读写效率(生产常用)

package IOTest;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.*;

public class IOTest {
    @Test
    public void FileInputStream() {

        BufferedReader bufferedReader = null;
        BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = null;
        File toFile = new File("d:\\work\\test\\file1-copy.txt");
        try {

            File fromFile = new File("d:\\work\\test\\file1.txt");

            FileReader fileReader = new FileReader(fromFile);
            FileWriter fileWriter = new FileWriter(toFile);

            bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(fileReader);
            bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(fileWriter);

            // 原始方法
            /*char[] chars = new char[10];
            int len ;
            while ((len= bufferedReader.read(chars)) != -1 ){
                bufferedWriter.write(chars,0,len);
            }*/

            // 每次读一行
            String str;
            while((str = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null){
                bufferedWriter.write(str);
                bufferedWriter.newLine(); // 换行,相当于bufferedWriter.write("\n");
            }

        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                if (bufferedReader != null)
                    bufferedReader.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            try {
                if (bufferedWriter!= null)
                    bufferedWriter.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

8.使用转换流InputStreamReader与OutputStreamWriter转换文本编码

package IOTest;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.*;

public class IOTest {
    @Test
    public void FileInputStream1() {
 //   转换流:属于字符流
 //   InputStreamReader:将一个字节的输入流转换为字符的输入流
 //   OutputStreamWriter:将一个字符的输出流转换为字节的输出流
        FileInputStream fis = null;
        FileOutputStream fos = null;
        InputStreamReader isr = null;
        OutputStreamWriter osw = null;
        File toFile = new File("file1-copy1.txt");
        try {
            File fromFile = new File("d:\\work\\test\\file1.txt");
            fis = new FileInputStream(fromFile);
            isr = new InputStreamReader(fis,"utf-8");
            fos = new FileOutputStream(toFile);
            osw = new OutputStreamWriter(fos,"gbk");
            char[] chars = new char[10];
            int len;
            while ((len = isr.read(chars)) != -1){
                System.out.println(len+"==="+new String(chars,0,len));
                osw.write(chars, 0, len);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                if (isr != null)
                    isr.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            try {
                if (osw != null)
                    osw.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

9.使用标准输入流System.in

package IOTest;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.*;

public class IOTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BufferedReader br = null;
        try {
            //InputStream in = System.in;
            InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(System.in);
            br = new BufferedReader(isr);

                while (true){
                System.out.println("please input:");
                String s = br.readLine();
                if (s.equals("exit")){
                    break;
                }
                String upperCase = s.toUpperCase();
                System.out.println(upperCase);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                if (br != null)
                    br.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

10.打印流PrintStream的使用

package IOTest;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.*;

public class IOTest {
    @Test
    public void test2() {
        PrintStream ps = null;
        try {
            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("D:\\work\\file1.txt"));
            // 创建打印输出流,设置为自动刷新模式(写入换行符或字节 '\n' 时都会刷新输出缓冲区)
            ps = new PrintStream(fos, true);
            if (ps != null) {// 把标准输出流(控制台输出)改成文件
                System.setOut(ps);
            }


            for (int i = 0; i <= 255; i++) { // 输出ASCII字符
                System.out.print((char) i);
                if (i % 50 == 0) { // 每50个数据一行
                    System.out.println(); // 换行
                }
            }


        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (ps != null) {
                ps.close();
            }
        }

    }
}

11.数据流DataOutputStream的使用

package IOTest;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.*;

public class IOTest {
    @Test
    public void test3() throws IOException {
        //1.
        DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("data.txt"));
        //2.
        dos.writeUTF("运维小菜");
        dos.flush();//刷新操作,将内存中的数据写入文件
        dos.writeInt(23);
        dos.flush();
        dos.writeBoolean(true);
        dos.flush();
        //3.
        dos.close();
    }
}

12.对象流的序列化与反序列化

package IOTest;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.*;

public class IOTest {
    @Test
    public void ObjectStreamTest()  {
    // 序列化:ObjectOutputStream
        ObjectOutputStream oos = null;
        try {
            oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("objects.obj"));
            oos.writeObject(new GoodWorker("yunWeiXiaoCai",22));
            oos.flush();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                if (oos != null)
                    oos.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

		// 反序列化:ObjectInputStream 
        System.out.println("****反序列化过程****");
        GoodWorker goodWorker = null;
        ObjectInputStream ois = null;
        try {
            ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("objects.obj"));
            Object obj = ois.readObject();
            goodWorker = (GoodWorker)obj;
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                if (ois != null)
                    ois.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        System.out.println(goodWorker.getName());
    }
}


/* 1.需要实现接口:Serializable
 * 2.当前类提供一个全局常量:serialVersionUID
 * 3.除了当前Person类需要实现Serializable接口之外,还必须保证其内部所有属性也必须是可序列化的。(默认情况下,基本数据类型可序列化)
 * 4.ObjectOutputStream和ObjectInputStream不能序列化static和transient修饰的成员变量*/
class GoodWorker implements Serializable{
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public GoodWorker(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
}
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