java--java8特性--Lambda表达式详解

一、函数式接口

Lambda表达式是一个函数式接口的匿名实现对象
函数式接口：只有一个方法的接口，可以使用@FunctionalInterface注解

例如本文定义的三个接口，都是函数式接口：

@FunctionalInterface
interface LambdaT1{
    void run();
}

@FunctionalInterface
interface LambdaT2{
    void run(String name);
}

@FunctionalInterface
interface LambdaT3{
    String run(String name,int time);
}

二、Lambda表达式的三种语法格式：

import org.junit.Test;

public class JavaStudy {
    @Test
    public void lambda1(){
        // 重写的方法无参数无返回值
        LambdaT1 runner = () -> System.out.println("LiSi is running");
        runner.run();

        // 与下面等价
        LambdaT1 runner1 = new LambdaT1() {
            public void run() {
                System.out.println("ZhangSan is running");
            }
        };
        runner1.run();
    }

    @Test
    public void lambda2(){
        // 重写的方法有一个参数无返回值
        LambdaT2 lambdaT21 = (String name) -> {System.out.println(name+ " is running");};
        lambdaT21.run("LiSi");
        //与下面等价（类型推断，形参类型可省略，只有一个参数形参括号可省略，方法体仅一行代码可省略大括号）
        LambdaT2 lambdaT22 = name -> System.out.println(name+ " is running");
        lambdaT22.run("WangWu");

        // 与下面等价
        LambdaT2 lambdaT23 = new LambdaT2(){
            @Override
            public void run(String name) {
                System.out.println(name+ " is running");
            }
        };
        lambdaT23.run("ZhangSan");
    }

    @Test
    public void lambda3(){
        // 重写的方法有多个参数有返回值,方法体有多行
        LambdaT3 lambdaT3 = (name,time) -> {
            String introduction = "My name is "+ name +",";
            return introduction+" I have runned for "+ time + " min!";
        };
        System.out.println(lambdaT3.run("LiSi", 30));

        // 与下面等价
        LambdaT3 lambdaT31 = new LambdaT3() {
            @Override
            public String run(String name, int time) {
                String introduction = "My name is "+ name +",";
                return introduction+" I have runned for "+ time + " min!";
            }
        };
        System.out.println(lambdaT31.run("ZhangSan", 20));

        // 方法体只有一行return语句，return与{}可同时省略
        LambdaT3 lambdaT32 = (name,time) -> "My name is "+ name +", I have runned for "+ time + " min!";
        System.out.println(lambdaT3.run("WangWu", 25));
    }
}

三、Java内置函数式接口：

内置函数式接口的使用：

import java.util.function.Consumer;
import java.util.function.Function;
import java.util.function.Predicate;
import java.util.function.Supplier;

import org.junit.Test;

public class JavaStudy {
    @Test
    public void lambda1(){
        Consumer consumer = con -> System.out.println(con);
        consumer.accept("Hello");

        // 等价
        Consumer con = new Consumer(){
            @Override
            public void accept(Object o) {
                System.out.println(o);
            }
        };
        con.accept("hi");
    }

    @Test
    public void lambda2(){
        Supplier sup = () -> "ABC";
        System.out.println(sup.get());

        // 等价
        Supplier supplier = new Supplier<String>() {
            public String get() {
                return "abc";
            }
        };
        System.out.println(supplier.get());
    }

    @Test
    public void lambda3() {
        Function func = (id) -> "number is "+id;
        System.out.println(func.apply(15));

        // 等价
        Function function = new Function<Integer, String>() {
            @Override
            public String apply(Integer id) {
                return "number is "+id;
            }
        };
        System.out.println(function.apply(22));
    }

    @Test
    public void lambda4(){
        Predicate<Integer> pred = i -> i > 0;
        System.out.println(pred.test(0));

        // 等价
        Predicate predicate = new Predicate<Integer>() {
            @Override
            public boolean test(Integer i) {
                return i > 0;
            }
        };
        System.out.println(predicate.test(3));
    }
}