一、函数式接口
Lambda表达式是一个函数式接口的匿名实现对象
函数式接口:只有一个方法的接口,可以使用@FunctionalInterface注解
例如本文定义的三个接口,都是函数式接口:
@FunctionalInterface
interface LambdaT1{
void run();
}
@FunctionalInterface
interface LambdaT2{
void run(String name);
}
@FunctionalInterface
interface LambdaT3{
String run(String name,int time);
}
二、Lambda表达式的三种语法格式:
import org.junit.Test;
public class JavaStudy {
@Test
public void lambda1(){
// 重写的方法无参数无返回值
LambdaT1 runner = () -> System.out.println("LiSi is running");
runner.run();
// 与下面等价
LambdaT1 runner1 = new LambdaT1() {
public void run() {
System.out.println("ZhangSan is running");
}
};
runner1.run();
}
@Test
public void lambda2(){
// 重写的方法有一个参数无返回值
LambdaT2 lambdaT21 = (String name) -> {System.out.println(name+ " is running");};
lambdaT21.run("LiSi");
//与下面等价(类型推断,形参类型可省略,只有一个参数形参括号可省略,方法体仅一行代码可省略大括号)
LambdaT2 lambdaT22 = name -> System.out.println(name+ " is running");
lambdaT22.run("WangWu");
// 与下面等价
LambdaT2 lambdaT23 = new LambdaT2(){
@Override
public void run(String name) {
System.out.println(name+ " is running");
}
};
lambdaT23.run("ZhangSan");
}
@Test
public void lambda3(){
// 重写的方法有多个参数有返回值,方法体有多行
LambdaT3 lambdaT3 = (name,time) -> {
String introduction = "My name is "+ name +",";
return introduction+" I have runned for "+ time + " min!";
};
System.out.println(lambdaT3.run("LiSi", 30));
// 与下面等价
LambdaT3 lambdaT31 = new LambdaT3() {
@Override
public String run(String name, int time) {
String introduction = "My name is "+ name +",";
return introduction+" I have runned for "+ time + " min!";
}
};
System.out.println(lambdaT31.run("ZhangSan", 20));
// 方法体只有一行return语句,return与{}可同时省略
LambdaT3 lambdaT32 = (name,time) -> "My name is "+ name +", I have runned for "+ time + " min!";
System.out.println(lambdaT3.run("WangWu", 25));
}
}
三、Java内置函数式接口:
内置函数式接口的使用:
import java.util.function.Consumer;
import java.util.function.Function;
import java.util.function.Predicate;
import java.util.function.Supplier;
import org.junit.Test;
public class JavaStudy {
@Test
public void lambda1(){
Consumer consumer = con -> System.out.println(con);
consumer.accept("Hello");
// 等价
Consumer con = new Consumer(){
@Override
public void accept(Object o) {
System.out.println(o);
}
};
con.accept("hi");
}
@Test
public void lambda2(){
Supplier sup = () -> "ABC";
System.out.println(sup.get());
// 等价
Supplier supplier = new Supplier<String>() {
public String get() {
return "abc";
}
};
System.out.println(supplier.get());
}
@Test
public void lambda3() {
Function func = (id) -> "number is "+id;
System.out.println(func.apply(15));
// 等价
Function function = new Function<Integer, String>() {
@Override
public String apply(Integer id) {
return "number is "+id;
}
};
System.out.println(function.apply(22));
}
@Test
public void lambda4(){
Predicate<Integer> pred = i -> i > 0;
System.out.println(pred.test(0));
// 等价
Predicate predicate = new Predicate<Integer>() {
@Override
public boolean test(Integer i) {
return i > 0;
}
};
System.out.println(predicate.test(3));
}
}