闲聊自定义控件之View绘制

了解View的绘制对自定义控件的开发有着重要的意义,上一篇已经对activity加载UI的流程进行了讲解,从中可以看出DecorView是我们的最外层View,是一个FrameLayout的子类,View的绘制也是从DecorView开始的。
DecorView调用performTraversals()方法开始View的绘制,这个方法内容比较多,比较核心的是调用如下方法:

  • performMeasure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
  • performLayout(lp, desiredWindowWidth, desiredWindowHeight);
  • performDraw();

这3个方法分别代表着View绘制的三个过程:measure(测量)、layout(摆放)、draw(绘制)。

如果我们自定义ViewGroup,那么我们需要重点关注measure、layout过程,ViewGroup的draw过程一般不需要去特殊处理。如果我们自定义View,draw的过程往往是最重要的,前面的一系列文章(坐标、Color、Path、Paint、Canvas等)讲解的知识主要就是为这个绘制过程准备的。

所以本篇文章着重介绍measure和layout两个过程,特别是measure过程,不仅重要性高还相对难理解。

measure过程

调用performMeasure开始进行测量

private void performMeasure(int childWidthMeasureSpec, int childHeightMeasureSpec) {
        Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "measure");
        try {
            mView.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
        } finally {
            Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
        }
    }

上面的方法调用了View的measure方法,这个方法传入两个int值,这个值就是测量规格MeasureSpec。它是一个32位的int值,分为两部分,前2位为mode,后30为size。mode的形式有3种:

  • UPSPECIFIED : 没有明确限制,子View可根据自己的大小申请空间
  • EXACTLY: 精确的大小,子View的必须跟设定的大小一致
  • AT_MOST:最大值,子View的大小最大不超过给定的值

明白了这个参数的含义,那么childVIew的MeasureSpec是如何确定的呢?这个分为两种情况,一种是DecorView中确定子View的MeasureSpec调用ViewRootImplt的getRootMeasureSpec方法。

private static int getRootMeasureSpec(int windowSize, int rootDimension) {
        int measureSpec;
        switch (rootDimension) {

        case ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT:
            // Window can't resize. Force root view to be windowSize.
            measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(windowSize, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
            break;
        case ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT:
            // Window can resize. Set max size for root view.
            measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(windowSize, MeasureSpec.AT_MOST);
            break;
        default:
            // Window wants to be an exact size. Force root view to be that size.
            measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(rootDimension, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
            break;
        }
        return measureSpec;
    }

从源码上可以分析出:

  • 如果子View的宽高为MATCH_PARENT,那么它的MeasureSpec的mode为EXACTLY,大小为windowSize。原因是如果跟父布局一样大的话,父布局也就是DecorView的大小是确定的,所以mode为EXACTLY,大小为父布局给定的大小。
  • 如果子View的宽高为WRAP_CONTENT,那么它的MeasureSpec的mode为AT_MOST,其最大值不超过windowSize。子View在DecorView内,最大值不超过DecorView的给定大小。
  • 如果子View的宽高为确定值,也就是确定的值,那么它的MeasureSpec的mode为EXACTLY,值为子View宽高的值。因为给定了View的宽高,那么其mode即为EXACTLY。

另外一种为ViewGroup中确定子View的MeasureSpec调用ViewGroup的getChildMeasureSpec方法。

public static int getChildMeasureSpec(int spec, int padding, int childDimension) {
        int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(spec);
        int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(spec);

        int size = Math.max(0, specSize - padding);

        int resultSize = 0;
        int resultMode = 0;

        switch (specMode) {
        // Parent has imposed an exact size on us
        case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
            if (childDimension >= 0) {
                resultSize = childDimension;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                // Child wants to be our size. So be it.
                resultSize = size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
                // Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be
                // bigger than us.
                resultSize = size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
            }
            break;

        // Parent has imposed a maximum size on us
        case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
            if (childDimension >= 0) {
                // Child wants a specific size... so be it
                resultSize = childDimension;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                // Child wants to be our size, but our size is not fixed.
                // Constrain child to not be bigger than us.
                resultSize = size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
                // Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be
                // bigger than us.
                resultSize = size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
            }
            break;

        // Parent asked to see how big we want to be
        case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
            if (childDimension >= 0) {
                // Child wants a specific size... let him have it
                resultSize = childDimension;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                // Child wants to be our size... find out how big it should
                // be
                resultSize = 0;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
                // Child wants to determine its own size.... find out how
                // big it should be
                resultSize = 0;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
            }
            break;
        }
        return MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(resultSize, resultMode);
    }

这个方法要比getRootMeasureSpec稍微复杂点,主要是因为DecorView的大小是确定的,DecorView继承自Framelayout,其确定MeasureSpec核心思想是一致的,如果getRootMeasureSpec只是getChildMeasureSpec方法的一个特例。

通过源码分可以分析出:
- 当ViewGroup的MeasureSpec为EXACTLY时,子View的MeasureSpec计算跟getRootMeasureSpec一致。

  • 当ViewGroup的MeasureSpec为AT_MOST时:
    1. 如果子View为有确切的宽高,那么其MeasureSpec的mode为EXACTLY,值为其本身宽高的值。因为一点给定宽高,那么其mode为EXACTLY。
    2. 如果子View为MATCH_PARENT,那么其MeasureSpec的mode为AT_MOST,最大值为父布局的限定值。原因是父布局不知道大小,跟父布局一样宽高,所以不超过父布自身的最大值减去其它限制(padding等)也就是不超过父布局给子view的限定值。
    3. 如果子View为WRAP_CONTENT,那么其MeasureSpec的mode为AT_MOST,最大值为父布局的测限定的值。原因是父布局不知道大小,自己包裹内容,父布局不能超过自身的最大值,自己不能超过父布局限定的最大值。
  • 当ViewGroup的MeasureSpec为UNSPECIFIED时:
    1. 如果子View为有确切的宽高,那么其MeasureSpec的mode为EXACTLY,值为其本身宽高的值。因为一点给定宽高,那么其mode为EXACTLY。
    2. 如果子View为MATCH_PARENT或者WRAP_CONTENT时,其MeasureSpec的mode为UNSPECIFIED,值为0.因为父布局不限定大小,所以子view也不限制,值的大小没有意义。

注意:因为父布局中存在Padding等属性,所以子View宽高在没有给定值的情况下,极限大小为父布局的大小减去额外开销。

View方法的measure方法代码量比较大,仔细分析可以发现测量过程主要通过onMeasure方法实现。这个方法是不可重写,因此View和ViewGroup在此方法的实现上是一致的。

public final void measure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
         ……
            onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
            ……
     }

View和ViewGroup中的onMeasure方法有所不同,且不同的View如TextView、ImageView等onMeasure方法存在差异,不同的ViewGroup如LinearLayout、RelaiveLayout等的onMeasure方法也存在差异,下面就分情况举例说明。

View默认的onMeasure
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec),
                getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec));
    }

这个方法比较简单,就是调用setMeasuredDimension来给宽高赋值,这个值是通过getDefaultSize计算获得的。

public static int getDefaultSize(int size, int measureSpec) {
        int result = size;
        int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
        int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);

        switch (specMode) {
        case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
            result = size;
            break;
        case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
        case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
            result = specSize;
            break;
        }
        return result;
    }
protected int getSuggestedMinimumWidth() {
        return (mBackground == null) ? mMinWidth : max(mMinWidth, mBackground.getMinimumWidth());
    }

 protected int getSuggestedMinimumHeight() {
        return (mBackground == null) ? mMinHeight : max(mMinHeight, mBackground.getMinimumHeight());

    }

getSuggestedMinimumWidth、getSuggestedMinimumHeight计算的是建议最小宽高,代码比较简单,需要综合背景和mMinWidth 来判断。
getDefaultSize则根据建议最小宽高和MeasureSpec的mode来确定,如果为UNSPECIFIED则返回最小建议宽高,如果是其它情况就返回MeasureSpec的值。

ViewGroup因为没有实现onMeasure方法,所以用Framelayout进行分析
@Override
    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        int count = getChildCount();

        final boolean measureMatchParentChildren =
                MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec) != MeasureSpec.EXACTLY ||
                MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec) != MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
        mMatchParentChildren.clear();

        int maxHeight = 0;
        int maxWidth = 0;
        int childState = 0;

        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            final View child = getChildAt(i);
            if (mMeasureAllChildren || child.getVisibility() != GONE) {
                measureChildWithMargins(child, widthMeasureSpec, 0, heightMeasureSpec, 0);
                final LayoutParams lp = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
                maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth,
                        child.getMeasuredWidth() + lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin);
                maxHeight = Math.max(maxHeight,
                        child.getMeasuredHeight() + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin);
                childState = combineMeasuredStates(childState, child.getMeasuredState());
                if (measureMatchParentChildren) {
                    if (lp.width == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT ||
                            lp.height == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                        mMatchParentChildren.add(child);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        // Account for padding too
        maxWidth += getPaddingLeftWithForeground() + getPaddingRightWithForeground();
        maxHeight += getPaddingTopWithForeground() + getPaddingBottomWithForeground();

        // Check against our minimum height and width
        maxHeight = Math.max(maxHeight, getSuggestedMinimumHeight());
        maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth, getSuggestedMinimumWidth());

        // Check against our foreground's minimum height and width
        final Drawable drawable = getForeground();
        if (drawable != null) {
            maxHeight = Math.max(maxHeight, drawable.getMinimumHeight());
            maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth, drawable.getMinimumWidth());
        }

        setMeasuredDimension(resolveSizeAndState(maxWidth, widthMeasureSpec, childState),
                resolveSizeAndState(maxHeight, heightMeasureSpec,
                        childState << MEASURED_HEIGHT_STATE_SHIFT));

        count = mMatchParentChildren.size();
        if (count > 1) {
            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                final View child = mMatchParentChildren.get(i);
                final MarginLayoutParams lp = (MarginLayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();

                final int childWidthMeasureSpec;
                if (lp.width == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                    final int width = Math.max(0, getMeasuredWidth()
                            - getPaddingLeftWithForeground() - getPaddingRightWithForeground()
                            - lp.leftMargin - lp.rightMargin);
                    childWidthMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(
                            width, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
                } else {
                    childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(widthMeasureSpec,
                            getPaddingLeftWithForeground() + getPaddingRightWithForeground() +
                            lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin,
                            lp.width);
                }

                final int childHeightMeasureSpec;
                if (lp.height == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                    final int height = Math.max(0, getMeasuredHeight()
                            - getPaddingTopWithForeground() - getPaddingBottomWithForeground()
                            - lp.topMargin - lp.bottomMargin);
                    childHeightMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(
                            height, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
                } else {
                    childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(heightMeasureSpec,
                            getPaddingTopWithForeground() + getPaddingBottomWithForeground() +
                            lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin,
                            lp.height);
                }

                child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
            }
        }
    }

这个方法相对较长,其核心无非是为每一个child计算MeasureSpec,然后计算出的宽高,接着根据自身的参数设置确定自己的宽高,最后调用setMeasuredDimension设置自己的大小。

计算出每个child在ViewGroup中基本都会出现,差别较大的是通过child计算自己的宽高。如LinearLayout和RelaiveLayout两种布局,LinearLayout在没有其它布局参数影响下,基本是child累加,而RelaiveLayout和Framelayout一样为child中的最大一个的值。

需要注意的是View和ViewGroup都需要在onMeasure过程中调用setMeasuredDimension设置自己的宽高,这也是这个方法存在的最终目的。

layout过程

layout过程跟Measure有一定的类似,在performMeasure调用了layout方法进行摆放。layout方法内调用onLayout方法进行子View的摆放。

View类的layout方法如下:
public void layout(int l, int t, int r, int b) {
        if ((mPrivateFlags3 & PFLAG3_MEASURE_NEEDED_BEFORE_LAYOUT) != 0) {
            onMeasure(mOldWidthMeasureSpec, mOldHeightMeasureSpec);
            mPrivateFlags3 &= ~PFLAG3_MEASURE_NEEDED_BEFORE_LAYOUT;
        }

        int oldL = mLeft;
        int oldT = mTop;
        int oldB = mBottom;
        int oldR = mRight;

        boolean changed = isLayoutModeOptical(mParent) ?
                setOpticalFrame(l, t, r, b) : setFrame(l, t, r, b);

        if (changed || (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED) == PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED) {
            onLayout(changed, l, t, r, b);
            mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED;

            ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;
            if (li != null && li.mOnLayoutChangeListeners != null) {
                ArrayList<OnLayoutChangeListener> listenersCopy =
                        (ArrayList<OnLayoutChangeListener>)li.mOnLayoutChangeListeners.clone();
                int numListeners = listenersCopy.size();
                for (int i = 0; i < numListeners; ++i) {
                    listenersCopy.get(i).onLayoutChange(this, l, t, r, b, oldL, oldT, oldR, oldB);
                }
            }
        }

        mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT;
        mPrivateFlags3 |= PFLAG3_IS_LAID_OUT;
    }

从源码中可以看到,layout的主要任务是通过调用setFrame来确定自己的位置和利用onLayout来摆放自己的child。

View类的onLayout方法如下:
protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {
    }

这个方法为空,因为View不存在子View,所以不存在摆放子View的过程。

ViewGroup类的layout方法如下:
@Override
    public final void layout(int l, int t, int r, int b) {
        if (!mSuppressLayout && (mTransition == null || !mTransition.isChangingLayout())) {
            if (mTransition != null) {
                mTransition.layoutChange(this);
            }
            super.layout(l, t, r, b);
        } else {
            // record the fact that we noop'd it; request layout when transition finishes
            mLayoutCalledWhileSuppressed = true;
        }
    }

其实,除了一些额外的判断处理外,还是调用了父类也就是View的layout方法,主要流程跟上面分析的一致。
ViewGroup类的onLayout方法用abstract 修饰,需要子类去实现。

@Override
    protected abstract void onLayout(boolean changed,
            int l, int t, int r, int b);
Framelayout的onLayout的方法如下:
@Override
    protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {
        layoutChildren(left, top, right, bottom, false /* no force left gravity */);
    }
void layoutChildren(int left, int top, int right, int bottom,
                                  boolean forceLeftGravity) {
        final int count = getChildCount();

        final int parentLeft = getPaddingLeftWithForeground();
        final int parentRight = right - left - getPaddingRightWithForeground();

        final int parentTop = getPaddingTopWithForeground();
        final int parentBottom = bottom - top - getPaddingBottomWithForeground();

        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            final View child = getChildAt(i);
            if (child.getVisibility() != GONE) {
                final LayoutParams lp = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();

                final int width = child.getMeasuredWidth();
                final int height = child.getMeasuredHeight();

                int childLeft;
                int childTop;

                int gravity = lp.gravity;
                if (gravity == -1) {
                    gravity = DEFAULT_CHILD_GRAVITY;
                }

                final int layoutDirection = getLayoutDirection();
                final int absoluteGravity = Gravity.getAbsoluteGravity(gravity, layoutDirection);
                final int verticalGravity = gravity & Gravity.VERTICAL_GRAVITY_MASK;

                switch (absoluteGravity & Gravity.HORIZONTAL_GRAVITY_MASK) {
                    case Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL:
                        childLeft = parentLeft + (parentRight - parentLeft - width) / 2 +
                        lp.leftMargin - lp.rightMargin;
                        break;
                    case Gravity.RIGHT:
                        if (!forceLeftGravity) {
                            childLeft = parentRight - width - lp.rightMargin;
                            break;
                        }
                    case Gravity.LEFT:
                    default:
                        childLeft = parentLeft + lp.leftMargin;
                }

                switch (verticalGravity) {
                    case Gravity.TOP:
                        childTop = parentTop + lp.topMargin;
                        break;
                    case Gravity.CENTER_VERTICAL:
                        childTop = parentTop + (parentBottom - parentTop - height) / 2 +
                        lp.topMargin - lp.bottomMargin;
                        break;
                    case Gravity.BOTTOM:
                        childTop = parentBottom - height - lp.bottomMargin;
                        break;
                    default:
                        childTop = parentTop + lp.topMargin;
                }

                child.layout(childLeft, childTop, childLeft + width, childTop + height);
            }
        }
    }

其实通过方法名字和可以看出,onLayout方法里调用layoutChildren对child进行摆放。通过布局参数计算出child的位置,调用child的layout方法进行摆放,如果child为View则回到View的layout方法,利用setFrame确定自己位置。如果child为ViewGroup则回到View的layout方法,除确定自己外置外,还需调用onLayout方法进行递归,摆放自己的子控件。

View的Measure和Layout过程到这里就分析完了,那么我们能利用它干点啥呢?好吧,那就先来解决一个简单而常见的问题——ListView或GridView嵌套。
嵌套的ListView或GridView无法展开,是因为其测量过程出现问题,我们只需要覆写下onMeasure方法,将其MeasureSpec的mode改为AT_MOST,大小设置为MeasureSpec值(30位)的最大值就行。

@Override
    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        int heightSpec = View.MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(Integer.MAX_VALUE >> 2, View.MeasureSpec.AT_MOST);
        super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightSpec);
    }

Layout过程有哪些应用呢,Layout的应用往往和measure过程配合使用,限于篇幅本篇不做介绍,后期会出一篇关于VIew绘制的实战,里面有相应的应用。

  • 0
    点赞
  • 0
    收藏
    觉得还不错? 一键收藏
  • 0
    评论
评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值