第六章、groovy的控制结构

1、groovy 布尔

1.1、执行布尔测试

• 各种状况boolean测试

• /**
   * boolean 测试
   * @author liangchen* @date 2020/11/6
   */
  class BooleanTest {
  
      static void main(String[] args) {
          assert true
          assert  !false
  
          // matcher匹配
          assert ('a' =~ /./)
          assert !('a' =~ /b/)
  
          //集合必须非空为true
          assert [1]
          assert ![]
  
          // 迭代器必须要下一个元素才会是true
          Iterator iterator = [1].iterator()
          assert iterator
          iterator.next()
          assert !iterator
  
          // Map必须需要有元素才是true
          assert ['a': 1]
          assert ![:]
  
          // 字符串必须非空
          assert 'a'
          assert !''
  
          // 0是false， 非0是true
          assert 1
          assert 1.1
          assert 1.2f
          assert 1.3g
          assert 2L
          assert 3G
          assert !0
  
          //对象等于null 是false，反之为true
          assert ! null
          assert  new Object()
  
          //需要重新asBoolean方法
          assert !new AlwaysFalse()
  
  
      }
      static class AlwaysFalse{
  
          boolean  asBoolean(){false}
      }
  }
  

1.2、在布尔赋值测试

• 如果== 设置成=会怎么样

• /**
   *
   * 赋值符号出现在if条件中会怎么样
   * @author liangchen* @date 2020/11/6
   */
  class AssignementBooleanTest {
  
      static void main(String[] args) {
          def x =1
          if (x == 2) {
              assert false
          }
          // true
          if (x = 2) {
              println x
          }
  
          assert x == 2
  
          x = 3
          def store = []
          while (x = x - 1) {
              // 把元素放入到store中
              store << x
          }
          assert store == [2, 1]
          while (x = 2) {
              println x
              break
          }
      }
  
  }
  
  

2、条件语句结构

2.1、if语句

/**
 * if语句
 * @author liangchen* @date 2020/11/6
 */
class ifDmeo {
    static void main(String[] args) {

        if (true)  assert true
        else assert false

        if (1) {
            assert true
        } else {
            assert false
        }

        if ('nonempty') {
            assert true
        }else if (['x']) {
            assert false
        } else {
            assert false
        }

        if (0) {
            assert false
        }else if ([]) {
            assert false
        } else {
            assert true
        }
    }
}

2.2、三元表达式

• 可以简写

• /**
   * 三元表达式
   * @author liangchen* @date 2020/11/6
   */
  class ConditionOperatorDeom {
  
      static void main(String[] args) {
  
          // 值的类型可以不一致
          def result = (1==1) ? 'ok' : 'failed'
  
          assert result == 'ok'
  
          result = 'some string' ? 10 : ['x']
          assert result == 10
  
          // 简写
          def argument = 'given'
  
          def standard = 'defualt'
          result = argument ? argument : standard
          //简写
          def value = argument ?: standard
  
      }
  }
  
  

2.3、switch语句

/**
 * switch 语句
 * @author liangchen* @date 2020/11/6
 */
class SwitchDemo {

    static void main(String[] args) {
        // 中规中矩switch
        def a = 1
        def log = ''
        switch (a) {
                case 0 : log += '0'
                case 1: log += '1'
                case 2: log += '2'
                break;
                default: log += 'default'
        }
        assert  log == '12'

        // groovy switch
        switch (10) {
            case 0 :assert false; break
            case 0..9:assert false; break
            // a.contains(b)
            case [8,9,11]:assert false;break
            // a.isInstance(b)
            case Float : assert false;break
            case { it % 3 == 0 } : assert false;break
            // 正则表达式 a.matcher(b.toString()).matches()
            case ~/../ : assert true;break
            default:assert false; break


        }
    }
}

2.4、assert断言

• /**
   *
   * 断言
   * @author liangchen* @date 2020/11/6
   */
  class AssertDemo {
       static void main(String[] args) {
        def host = /\/\/([a-zA-Z0-9-])+(\.(a-zA-Z0-9-])*?)(:|\/)/
  
           assertHost 'http://a.b.c:8080/bla', host, 'a.b.c'
       }
  
     static def assertHost(candidate, regex, expected) {
          candidate.eachMatch(regex){ assert it[1] == expected}
      }
  }
  
  

3、循环

3.1、while

• /**
   * while语句
   * @author liangchen* @date 2020/11/6
   */
  class WhileDemo {
  
      static void main(String[] args) {
        def list = [1,2,3]
          while (list) {
              list.remove(0)
          }
          assert list == []
  
          while (list.size() < 3) {
              list << list.size() +1
          }
          assert list == [1,2,3]
      }
  }
  
  

3.2 for

• /**
   * for循环
   * @author liangchen* @date 2020/11/6
   */
  class ForDemo {
  
      static void main(String[] args) {
  
          // for in
          def store = ''
          for (String s in 'a'..'c') store +=s
          assert store == 'abc'
  
          store = ''
          for (i in [1, 2, 3]) {
              store += i
          }
          assert store == '123'
  
          def myString = 'Old school Java'
          store = ''
          for (int i = 0; i < myString.size(); i++) {
              store += myString[i]
          }
          assert store == myString
  
          myString = 'Java range index'
          store = ''
          for (int i : 0..<myString.size()) {
              store +=myString[i]
          }
          assert store == myString
  
          myString='Groovy range index'
          store = ''
          for (i in 0..<myString.size()) {
              store += myString[i]
          }
          assert store == myString
  
          myString ='Java string Iterable'
          store = ''
          for (String s : myString) {
              store += s
          }
          assert  store == myString
  
          myString = 'Groovy iterator'
          store = ''
          for (s in myString) {
              store +=s
          }
          assert  store == myString
      }
  }
  

##4、跳出代码块和方法

4.1、正常结束语句：return/break/continue

• /**
   * break continue
   * @author liangchen* @date 2020/11/8
   */
  class SimpleBreakContinueDemo {
  
      static void main(String[] args) {
          def a = 1
          while (true) {
              a++
              break
          }
          assert  a == 2
          for (i in 0..10) {
              if(i == 0) continue
              a++
              if(i > 0) break
          }
          assert a == 3
      }
  }
  
  

4.2、异常：throw/try-catch-finally

• /**
   *
   * @author liangchen* @date 2020/11/8
   */
  class ExceptionDemo {
     static def myMethod() {
          throw new IllegalArgumentException()
      }
  
      static void main(String[] args) {
          def log = []
          try {
              myMethod()
          } catch (Exception e) {
              log << e.toString()
          } finally{
              log << 'finally'
          }
  
          assert  log.size() == 2
  
          try {
              if (Math.random() < 0.5) {
                  1 / 0
              } else {
                  null.hashCode()
              }
          } catch (ArithmeticException | NullPointerException exception) {
              println exception.class.name
          }
  
      }
  

5、总结

1. 主要是if/else, switch（扩展类型） while，for