目录
一、Guava
Guava被Google的Java项目广泛依赖的核心库,是个工具包,集成集合、缓存、并发等相关工具。作为缓存,是全内存本地缓存且线程安全;作为并发,提供的RateLimiter限流是通过令牌桶算法实现限流。
本章使用限流工具类RateLimiter提供应用级限流或平滑某接口的请求数。
二、RateLimiter
1. 测试SmoothBursty
package com.common.instance.test.ratelimiter;
import com.google.common.util.concurrent.RateLimiter;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
/**
* @description 测试Guava的RateLimiter
* @author tcm
* @version 1.0.0
* @date 2021/10/15 10:50
**/
public class TestRateLimiter {
@Test
public void testRateLimiter() {
// 创建容量为5的限流(200ms添加一个令牌)
RateLimiter limiter = RateLimiter.create(5);
System.out.println(limiter.acquire(10));
System.out.println(limiter.acquire(1));
System.out.println(limiter.acquire(1));
System.out.println(limiter.acquire(1));
}
}
0.0
1.932383
0.172446
0.200498
acquire(),返回的延迟秒数。0.0表示:不用延迟,直接拿取令牌(说明桶中有令牌),非0.0表示:延迟秒数,即:等待桶中有令牌的秒数。如上测试,桶容量为5,第一次成功消费10个,第二次要延迟10/5=2s。允许将一段时间内没有消费的令牌暂存到令牌桶中,保留待未来使用,并允许未来请求突发。第3、4个消费在恢复固定速率。
SmoothBursty中有个参数:最大突发秒数maxBurstSeconds,默认为1s。允许将一段时间内没有消费的令牌暂存到令牌桶中,保留待未来使用,并允许未来请求突发。
2. 测试SmoothWarmingUp
package com.common.instance.test.ratelimiter;
import com.google.common.util.concurrent.RateLimiter;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
* @description 测试Guava的RateLimiter
* @author tcm
* @version 1.0.0
* @date 2021/10/15 10:50
**/
public class TestRateLimiter {
@Test
public void testSmoothWarmingUp(){
// 创建桶容量为5, 预热时间为1s
RateLimiter limiter = RateLimiter.create(5, 1000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.println(limiter.acquire(1));
}
}
}
0.0
0.519131
0.3593
0.220322
0.187465
SmoothBursty允许突发,担心这种突发引起服务发生崩溃,则就需要SmoothWarmingUp。如上代码测试,处理请求的速率刚开始很慢(开始500ms),大约1s后,速率达到平滑固定速率(200ms)。
三、应用级限流实例
1. 导入jar包
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
<artifactId>guava</artifactId>
<version>30.1-jre</version>
</dependency>
2. 创建RateLimiter
package com.common.instance.demo.config.ratelimiter;
import com.google.common.util.concurrent.RateLimiter;
/**
* @description 创建RateLimiter
* @author tcm
* @version 1.0.0
* @date 2021/10/12 17:55
**/
public class RateLimiterHelper {
// 服务内限流对象
private static RateLimiter rateLimiter;
static {
initRateLimiter(4000);
}
public static void initRateLimiter(int thread) {
rateLimiter = RateLimiter.create((double)thread * 0.8D);
}
// 获取令牌
public static boolean tryAcquire() {
boolean flag = false;
if (rateLimiter.tryAcquire()) {
flag = true;
}
return flag;
}
public static double getRate() {
return rateLimiter.getRate();
}
}
3. Apollo配置限流数
package com.common.instance.demo.config.ratelimiter;
import com.ctrip.framework.apollo.model.ConfigChange;
import com.ctrip.framework.apollo.model.ConfigChangeEvent;
import com.ctrip.framework.apollo.spring.annotation.ApolloConfigChangeListener;
import com.log.util.LogUtil;
import org.apache.commons.lang.math.NumberUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
/**
* @description apollo配置限流数
* @author tcm
* @version 1.0.0
* @date 2021/10/12 18:01
**/
@Component
public class RateLimiterConfig {
@Value("${qps.rateLimit}")
private Integer rateLimit = 1600;
@PostConstruct
public void initRateLimiter() {
RateLimiterHelper.initRateLimiter(rateLimit);
LogUtil.info(String.format("完成服务内限流初始化,rateLimit: %s", rateLimit));
}
// 监听Apollo改变
@ApolloConfigChangeListener(value = {"application.yml", "application-dev.yml", "application-local.yml"})
public void changeServerConfiguration(ConfigChangeEvent changeEvent) {
try {
LogUtil.info("defaultConfiguration before refresh {" + changeEvent.getNamespace() + "===" + changeEvent.changedKeys() + "} ");
// qps.rateLimit配置是否改变
if (changeEvent.changedKeys().contains("qps.rateLimit")) {
ConfigChange configChange = changeEvent.getChange("qps.rateLimit");
// 获取改变后的值
int rateLimit = NumberUtils.toInt(configChange.getNewValue(), 0);
if (rateLimit > 0) {
RateLimiterHelper.initRateLimiter(rateLimit);
LogUtil.info("更改[initRateLimiter] rateLimit:" + rateLimit);
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
LogUtil.error("RateLimiterConfig.changeServerConfiguration() error", e);
}
}
}
4. 限流拦截器
package com.common.instance.demo.config.ratelimiter;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.common.instance.demo.core.Response;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.HandlerInterceptorAdapter;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
/**
* @description 限流拦截器
* @author tcm
* @version 1.0.0
* @date 2021/10/13 9:55
**/
public class RateLimiterInterceptor extends HandlerInterceptorAdapter {
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
// 请求取到令牌
if (RateLimiterHelper.tryAcquire()){
return true;
}
// 没有令牌,响应结果
response.setCharacterEncoding(StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name());
response.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE);
response.getWriter().write(JSON.toJSONString(Response.error("服务器繁忙,请稍后重试!")));
return false;
}
}
5. Web请求配置
注意:可以配置对哪些路径拦截,此处是所有接口都拦截。
package com.common.instance.demo.core;
import com.common.instance.demo.config.ratelimiter.RateLimiterInterceptor;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;
/**
* @description Web请求配置
* @author tcm
* @version 1.0.0
* @date 2021/10/13 10:04
**/
@Configuration
public class WebMvcConfiguration implements WebMvcConfigurer {
// 注册自定义拦截器
@Override
public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
// 添加限流拦截器
registry.addInterceptor(new RateLimiterInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/**");
}
}