c++基础知识之抽象类

1、

做一个“各个国家的人”的调查，饮食，穿衣，开车。。。

当一个函数，前面加上virtual，后面加上 = 0 的时候，它就变成了纯虚函数，一个类里面有纯虚函数的话，它就变成了抽象类，它就不能用来实例化对象，抽象类是给它的派生类定义好框架，或者给使用这些类的应用程序定义好接口。

 

#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>

using namespace std;

class Human{
private:
	int a;
public:
	virtual void eating(void) = 0;
	virtual void wearing(void) = 0;
	virtual void driving(void) = 0;
	virtual ~Human()
	{
		cout<<"~Human()"<<endl;
	}
	virtual Human* test(void)
	{
		cout<<"Human's test"<<endl;
		return this;
	}
};

class Englishman : public Human{
public:
	void eating()
	{
		cout<<"use knife to eat"<<endl;
	}
	void wearing(void)
	{
		cout<<"wearing english style"<<endl;
	}
	void driving(void)
	{
		cout<<"drive english car"<<endl;
	}
	virtual ~Englishman()
	{
		cout<<"~Englishman()"<<endl;
	}
	virtual Englishman* test(void)
	{
		cout<<"Englishman's test"<<endl;
		return this;
	}
};

class Chinese : public Human{
public:
	void eating()
	{
		cout<<"use chopsticks to eat"<<endl;
	}
	void wearing(void)
	{
		cout<<"wearing Chinese style"<<endl;
	}
	void driving(void)
	{
		cout<<"drive Chinese car"<<endl;
	}
	virtual ~Chinese()
	{
		cout<<"~Chinese()"<<endl;
	}
	virtual Chinese* test(void)
	{
		cout<<"Chinese's test"<<endl;
		return this;
	}
};

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	//Human h; //error 抽象类不能用来实例化对象
	Englishman e;
	Chinese c;

	

	return 0;
}
         

Human：向下定义好框架，向上提供统一的接口，应用程序可以根据这个统一的函数来操作一个人

Englishman

Chinese

派生类必须实现纯虚函数，抽象类不能够实例化对象，也就是说我们定义一个人的时候要么用英国人，要么用中国人，要么用其他国家的人，但是不能够直接使用Human来定义一个人。
 

2、抽象类不能够有实例化对象，子类如果没有覆写完所有的纯虚函数的话，子类还是一个抽象类。

#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>

using namespace std;

class Human{
private:
	int a;
public:
	virtual void eating(void) = 0;
	virtual void wearing(void) = 0;
	virtual void driving(void) = 0;
	virtual ~Human()
	{
		cout<<"~Human()"<<endl;
	}
	virtual Human* test(void)
	{
		cout<<"Human's test"<<endl;
		return this;
	}
};

class Englishman : public Human{
public:
	void eating()
	{
		cout<<"use knife to eat"<<endl;
	}
	void wearing(void)
	{
		cout<<"wearing english style"<<endl;
	}
	void driving(void)
	{
		cout<<"drive english car"<<endl;
	}
	virtual ~Englishman()
	{
		cout<<"~Englishman()"<<endl;
	}
	virtual Englishman* test(void)
	{
		cout<<"Englishman's test"<<endl;
		return this;
	}
};

class Chinese : public Human{
public:
	void eating()
	{
		cout<<"use chopsticks to eat"<<endl;
	}
	void wearing(void)
	{
		cout<<"wearing Chinese style"<<endl;
	}
	/*void driving(void)
	{
		cout<<"drive Chinese car"<<endl;
	}*/
	virtual ~Chinese()
	{
		cout<<"~Chinese()"<<endl;
	}
	virtual Chinese* test(void)
	{
		cout<<"Chinese's test"<<endl;
		return this;
	}
};

class Guangximan : public Chinese{
	void driving(void)
	{
		cout<<"drive Guangxi car"<<endl;
	}
};

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	Englishman e;
	Chinese c; // error 编译会出错
	Guangximan c;

	return 0;
}