Linux系统主机名、静态IP等配置

目录

1.更改主机名

2.主机名与IP地址映射

3.设置静态IP

 4.关闭防火墙

5.免密登录 

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1.更改主机名

[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname master
[root@localhost ~]# bash
[root@master ~]# 

2.主机名与IP地址映射

[root@master ~]# vi /etc/hosts

        使用 vi /etc/hosts指令配置IP映射时，IP地址必须在VMware虚拟机网络IP地址范围内（图1-1所示 ），且主机名为刚才配置的主机名。如图2-2所示，在 /etc/hosts添加3行内容，后面两行内容为即将克隆的slave1和slave2主机。

 图2-1 VM虚拟机网络IP地址范围界面

 图2-2 主机名与IP映射

3.设置静态IP

[root@master ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33

        修改IP地址文件，设置静态IP时，通常需要配置或修改以下参数：

        ONBOOT= yes 表示启动这块网卡

        BOOTPROTO=staitc 表示静态路由协议，可以保持IP固定

        IPADDR  表示虚拟机IP地址，需要与前面IP映射时的IP地址一致

        GATEWAY 表示虚拟机网关，通常将IP地址最后一位变为2

        NETMASK  表示虚拟机子网掩码，通常为255.255.255.0

        DNS1 表示域名解析器，可采用Google的DNS服务器8.8.8.8        

 图3-1 设置静态IP界面

         重启网络服务。

[root@master ~]# service network restart
Restarting network (via systemctl):                        [  OK  ]
[root@master ~]# 

 4.关闭防火墙

        关闭和停止并禁用开机启动防火墙。

[root@master ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service 
[root@master ~]# systemctl disable firewalld.service

5.免密登录 

        输入“ssh-keygen -t rsa”命令，并连续按四次回车键，并将密钥复制到master主机，实现master主机能够免密登录本机。

[root@master ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:yNG+twrrOgfyMiGEh6Yhzzi6BCx7QBiJ09yfNQMTwPw root@master
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|o+ +..+o         |
|=.o +  o+        |
|o+   o.o.o       |
|Bo.  .E+         |
|OB    o S        |
|Bo= .    .       |
|o+.+ .. . .      |
|o.o o .o . .     |
|.. o.=o ...      |
+----[SHA256]-----+
[root@master ~]# ssh-copy-id master
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@master's password: 

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh 'master'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

[root@master ~]#