python+字典的遍历与排序以及后续的学习记录

字典的遍历

dict_ = {'a':2,'b':3,'c':6}
dict.items()

dict_items([('a', 2), ('b', 3), ('c', 6)])

dict_.iteritems()#python2中的应用

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

AttributeError                            Traceback (most recent call last)

<ipython-input-7-05408c3fc25a> in <module>()
----> 1 dict_.iteritems()#python2中的应用


AttributeError: 'dict' object has no attribute 'iteritems'

for item in dict_.items():
    print(item)

('a', 2)
('b', 3)
('c', 6)

字典的排序

dict_1 = sorted(dict_)
print(dict_1)

['a', 'b', 'c']

dict_1 = sorted(dict_.items())
print(dict_1)

[('a', 2), ('b', 3), ('c', 6)]

dict_2 = sorted(dict_,key = lambda k: dict_[k])
print(dict_2)

['a', 'b', 'c']

operator.itemgetter函数用于获取对象的哪些维数据参数为一些序号

from operator import itemgetter
students = [('john', 'A', 15), ('jane', 'B', 12), ('dave', 'B', 10)]
stuends_sorted= sorted(students, key=lambda student : student[2],reverse=False)
print(stuends_sorted)
stuends_sorted= sorted(students, key=itemgetter(2),reverse=True)
print(stuends_sorted)

[('dave', 'B', 10), ('jane', 'B', 12), ('john', 'A', 15)]
[('john', 'A', 15), ('jane', 'B', 12), ('dave', 'B', 10)]

stuends_sorted= sorted(students, key=itemgetter(1,2),reverse=True)
print(stuends_sorted)

[('jane', 'B', 12), ('dave', 'B', 10), ('john', 'A', 15)]

class Student:
    def __init__(self, name, grade, age):
            self.name = name
            self.grade = grade
            self.age = age
    def __repr__(self):
            return repr((self.name, self.grade, self.age))
students = [
    Student('jane', 'B', 12),
    Student('john', 'A', 12),
    Student('dave', 'B', 10),
]

from operator import itemgetter, attrgetter
# 对students按照年龄排序
print(sorted(students, key=attrgetter('age')))
# 其等价于
print (sorted(students, key=lambda o: o.age))
# 输出: >>> [('dave', 'B', 10), ('jane', 'B', 12), ('john', 'A', 15)]
# 亦可以按多个key排序, 先按age再按grade排序
print (sorted(students, key=attrgetter('age', 'grade')))
# 输出: >>> [('dave', 'B', 10), ('john', 'A', 12), ('jane', 'B', 12)]
#print (sorted(students, key=itemgetter('age', 'grade')))这样的用法不对

[('dave', 'B', 10), ('jane', 'B', 12), ('john', 'A', 12)]
[('dave', 'B', 10), ('jane', 'B', 12), ('john', 'A', 12)]
[('dave', 'B', 10), ('john', 'A', 12), ('jane', 'B', 12)]

itertools.groupy()把迭代器中相邻的重复的元素挑出来放在一起。itertools提供的处理全部是处理迭代功能的函数，它们的返回值不是list，而是Iterator，只有用for循环迭代的时候才真正计算。

rows = [{'address' :'5412 N CLARK','date':'07/01/2012'},
        {'address' :'5148 N CLARK','date' :'07/04/2012'},
        {'address' :'5800 E 58TH','date': '07/02/2012' },
        {'address' :'2122 N CLARK','date': '07/02/2012'},
        {'address' :'5645 N RAVENSWOOD','date' :'07/02/2012' },
        {'address' :'1060 W ADDISON','date': '07/02/2012' },
        {'address': '1039 W GRANVILE','date': '07/04/2012'}
       ]

from operator import itemgetter
from itertools import groupby
rows.sort(key = itemgetter('date'))
print(rows)

[{'date': '07/01/2012', 'address': '5412 N CLARK'}, {'date': '07/02/2012', 'address': '5800 E 58TH'}, {'date': '07/02/2012', 'address': '2122 N CLARK'}, {'date': '07/02/2012', 'address': '5645 N RAVENSWOOD'}, {'date': '07/02/2012', 'address': '1060 W ADDISON'}, {'date': '07/04/2012', 'address': '5148 N CLARK'}, {'date': '07/04/2012', 'address': '1039 W GRANVILE'}]

for date ,items in groupby(rows,key = itemgetter('date')):
    print(date)
    for i in items:
        print(i)

07/01/2012
{'date': '07/01/2012', 'address': '5412 N CLARK'}
07/02/2012
{'date': '07/02/2012', 'address': '5800 E 58TH'}
{'date': '07/02/2012', 'address': '2122 N CLARK'}
{'date': '07/02/2012', 'address': '5645 N RAVENSWOOD'}
{'date': '07/02/2012', 'address': '1060 W ADDISON'}
07/04/2012
{'date': '07/04/2012', 'address': '5148 N CLARK'}
{'date': '07/04/2012', 'address': '1039 W GRANVILE'}

from collections import defaultdict
rows_by_date = defaultdict(list)
for row in rows:
    print(row)
    rows_by_date[row['date']].append(row)

{'date': '07/01/2012', 'address': '5412 N CLARK'}
{'date': '07/02/2012', 'address': '5800 E 58TH'}
{'date': '07/02/2012', 'address': '2122 N CLARK'}
{'date': '07/02/2012', 'address': '5645 N RAVENSWOOD'}
{'date': '07/02/2012', 'address': '1060 W ADDISON'}
{'date': '07/04/2012', 'address': '5148 N CLARK'}
{'date': '07/04/2012', 'address': '1039 W GRANVILE'}

for item in rows_by_date.items():
    print(item)

('07/04/2012', [{'date': '07/04/2012', 'address': '5148 N CLARK'}, {'date': '07/04/2012', 'address': '1039 W GRANVILE'}])
('07/02/2012', [{'date': '07/02/2012', 'address': '5800 E 58TH'}, {'date': '07/02/2012', 'address': '2122 N CLARK'}, {'date': '07/02/2012', 'address': '5645 N RAVENSWOOD'}, {'date': '07/02/2012', 'address': '1060 W ADDISON'}])
('07/01/2012', [{'date': '07/01/2012', 'address': '5412 N CLARK'}])

for r in rows_by_date['07/02/2012']:
    print(r)

{'date': '07/02/2012', 'address': '5800 E 58TH'}
{'date': '07/02/2012', 'address': '2122 N CLARK'}
{'date': '07/02/2012', 'address': '5645 N RAVENSWOOD'}
{'date': '07/02/2012', 'address': '1060 W ADDISON'}