Python的迭代器与生成器

(待续)

生成器

yield是python中的一个关键字,类似于return,用于返回函数的返回值,然而yield返回的是一个生成器。生成器并不会一次返回所有结果,而是每次遇到yield关键字后返回相应结果,并保留函数当前的运行状态,等待下一次的调用。

例如:

def count(number):
    while True:
        yield number
        number += 1

someNum = count(1)

for i in range(10):
    print someNum.next()

运行结果:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

yield返回的生成器属于迭代器,但普通迭代器不一定是生成器。

再例如:

def count():
    nums = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
    for item in nums:
        yield item*item

a = [ _ for _ in count()]
print a

运行结果:
[1, 4, 9, 16, 25]

在生成器结束迭代后就会返回空,例如:

def count():
    nums = [1,2,3]
    for i in range(5):
        yield nums[i: i+2]

a = [ _ for _ in count()]
print a

运行结果:
[[1, 2], [2, 3], [3], [], []]

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Code provided by Ruslan Salakhutdinov and Geoff Hinton Permission is granted for anyone to copy, use, modify, or distribute this program and accompanying programs and documents for any purpose, provided this copyright notice is retained and prominently displayed, along with a note saying that the original programs are available from our web page. The programs and documents are distributed without any warranty, express or implied. As the programs were written for research purposes only, they have not been tested to the degree that would be advisable in any important application. All use of these programs is entirely at the user's own risk. How to make it work: 1. Create a separate directory and download all these files into the same directory 2. Download from http://yann.lecun.com/exdb/mnist the following 4 files: o train-images-idx3-ubyte.gz o train-labels-idx1-ubyte.gz o t10k-images-idx3-ubyte.gz o t10k-labels-idx1-ubyte.gz 3. Unzip these 4 files by executing: o gunzip train-images-idx3-ubyte.gz o gunzip train-labels-idx1-ubyte.gz o gunzip t10k-images-idx3-ubyte.gz o gunzip t10k-labels-idx1-ubyte.gz If unzipping with WinZip, make sure the file names have not been changed by Winzip. 4. Download Conjugate Gradient code minimize.m 5. Download Autoencoder_Code.tar which contains 13 files OR download each of the following 13 files separately for training an autoencoder and a classification model: o mnistdeepauto.m Main file for training deep autoencoder o mnistclassify.m Main file for training classification model o converter.m Converts raw MNIST digits into matlab format o rbm.m Training RBM with binary hidden and binary visible units o rbmhidlinear.m Training RBM with Gaussian hidden and binary visible units o backprop.m Backpropagation for fine-tuning an autoencoder o backpropclassify.m Backpropagation for classification using "encoder" network o CG_MNIST.m Conjugate Gradient optimization for fine-tuning an autoencoder o CG_CLASSIFY_INIT.m Co

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