环境是python3.6+win10x64+tensorflow-gpu 1.11.0
用厦大嘉庚的教务系统的验证码作为案例
样例：
图像预处理
- 使用OpenCV-python直接以灰度读取图像
- 进行全局大津二值化
- 使用dfs算法去除噪点
- 通过投影法切割字母
- 用cv2.copyMakeBorder把图像扩充到统一规格16*16
import cv2
word_num = 'ABCDEFGHJKLMNPRSTUVWXYZ'
word_num = list(word_num)
word_number = {}
for i in range(len(word_num)):
word_number[i] = word_num[i]
def process(img, min_area):
_, img = cv2.threshold(img, 0, 255, cv2.THRESH_OTSU) # 全局大津二值化
img = clear_background(img, min_area) # 去除噪点
return img
def mark_clear_area(img, data, col, row, dire, flag): # dfs深度搜索 dire为记录搜索的方向
if row >= img.shape[0] or col >= img.shape[1] or col < 0 or row < 0:
return data
if not flag:
if img[row, col] == 0:
img[row, col] = 127 # 标记像素
data += 1 # 连通像素点数量
# dire = 1 = 0001为上
# dire = 2 = 0010为下
# dire = 4 = 0100为左
# dire = 8 = 1000为右
if dire & 1 != 1:
data = mark_clear_area(img, data, col, row + 1, 2, flag) # 向上搜索
if dire & 8 != 8:
data = mark_clear_area(img, data, col + 1, row, 4, flag) # 向右搜索
if dire & 2 != 2:
data = mark_clear_area(img, data, col, row - 1, 1, flag) # 向下搜索
if dire & 4 != 4:
data = mark_clear_area(img, data, col - 1, row, 8, flag) # 向左搜索
else:
if img[row, col] == 127:
img[row, col] = 255 # 设置为背景色
if dire & 1 != 1:
data = mark_clear_area(img, data, col, row + 1, 2, flag) # 向上搜索
if dire & 8 != 8:
data = mark_clear_area(img, data, col + 1, row, 4, flag) # 向右搜索
if dire & 2 != 2:
data = mark_clear_area(img, data, col, row - 1, 1, flag) # 向下搜索
if dire & 4 != 4:
data = mark_clear_area(img, data, col - 1, row, 8, flag)
return data
def clear_background(image, num): # 去除噪点
for row in range(0, image.shape[0]):
for col in range(0, image.shape[1]):
if image[row, col] == 0:
number = mark_clear_area(image, 0, col, row, 0, False) # 连通数量
# print(number)
if number < num:
mark_clear_area(image, 0, col, row, 0, True) # 消除连通区域
for row in range(0, image.shape[0]):
for col in range(0, image.shape[1]):
if image[row, col] == 127:
image[row, col] = 0
return image
def horizontal(image, hor_num): # 水平投影
img = image.copy()
(h, w) = img.shape # 返回高和宽
# print(h,w)#s输出高和宽
H = [0 for z in range(0, h)]
# 记录每一行的波峰
for i in range(0, h): # 遍历一行
for j in range(0, w): # 遍历一列
if img[i, j] != 255: # 如果改点为黑点
H[i] += 1 # 该列的计数器加一计数
Hei = []
i = 0
while i != h: # 标记水平投影非0点的起始点和长度
if H[i] != 0:
start = i
count = 0
while i != h:
if H[i] == 0:
break
else:
count += 1
i += 1
Hei.append([start, count])
else:
i += 1
index = 0
while index < len(Hei): # 去除长度小于阈值的标记
if Hei[index][1] < hor_num:
del Hei[index]
index -= 1
index += 1
return H, Hei
def vertical(image, ver_num): # 垂直投影
img = image.copy()
(h, w) = img.shape # 返回高和宽
# print(h,w)#s输出高和宽
W = [0 for z in range(0, w)]
# 记录每一列的波峰
for j in range(0, w): # 遍历一列
for i in range(0, h): # 遍历一行
if img[i, j] != 255: # 如果改点为黑点
W[j] += 1 # 该列的计数器加一计数
Wid = []
i = 0
while i != w: # 标记垂直投影非0点的起始点和长度
if W[i] != 0:
start = i
count = 0
while i != w:
if W[i] == 0:
break
else:
count += 1
i += 1
Wid.append([start, count])
else:
i += 1
index = 0
while index < len(Wid): # 去除长度小于阈值的标记
if Wid[index][1] < ver_num:
del Wid[index]
index -= 1
index += 1
return W, Wid
if __name__ == '__main__':
import os
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import animation
import seaborn as sns
import cv2
dir_path = './imgcode2'
image = cv2.imread(dir_path + '\\' + os.listdir(dir_path)[2], 0) # 读取图片[0]为第一张图片
_, image = cv2.threshold(image, 0, 255, cv2.THRESH_OTSU) # 全局大津二值化
sns.set_style("whitegrid") # 设置图形主图
# 创建画布
fig = plt.figure()
im = plt.imshow(image, cmap='gray')
plt.grid(False)
def animate(i):
for row in range(0, image.shape[0]):
for col in range(0, image.shape[1]):
if image[row, col] == 0:
number = mark_clear_area(image, 0, col, row, 0, False) # 连通数量
if number < 5:
mark_clear_area(image, 0, col, row, 0, True) # 消除连通区域
im.set_array(image)
return [im]
ani = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, animate, frames=50, interval=500, blit=False)
plt.show()
image = clear_background(image, 5)
w, wid = vertical(image, 5)
plt.bar([i + 1 for i in range(len(w))], w)
plt.show()
error_img = 0
fig = plt.figure()
ax = []
for i in range(3):
ax_ = []
for j in range(1, 5):
ax_.append(fig.add_subplot(3, 4, i*4+j))
ax.append(ax_)
for i in range(len(wid)):
pic = image[:, wid[i][0]:wid[i][0] + 9]
ax[0][i].imshow(pic)
ax[0][i].grid(False)
h, hei = horizontal(pic, 8)
h = h[::-1]
ax[1][i].barh([i + 1 for i in range(len(h))], h)
ax[1][i].grid(False)
cut_img = pic[hei[0][0]:hei[0][0] + 11, :]
cut_img = cv2.copyMakeBorder(cut_img, 3, 2, 4, 3, cv2.BORDER_CONSTANT,
value=[255, 255, 255])
ax[2][i].imshow(cut_img)
ax[2][i].grid(False)
plt.show()创建训练集
- 事先用pytesseract + tesseract-ocr 识别后再手动修改，建立训练集
import cv2
import os
import improcessing as im
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
method = 1
method_name = ['svm', 'ocr']
if method_name[method] == 'svm':
import pic_svm
elif method_name[method] == 'ocr':
from PIL import Image
import re
try:
import pytesseract as ocr
except ImportError:
method = 0
import pic_svm
word_count = {}
def img_pro(dir_path, file_path, save_path):
ver_num = 5
hor_num = 8
min_area = 5
img = cv2.imread(dir_path + '\\' + file_path, flags=0)
img = im.process(img, min_area)
word =[]
if method_name[method] == 'ocr':
word_list = ocr.image_to_string(Image.fromarray(img), lang='eng', config='digits') # ocr识别图像
word_list = ''.join(re.split(r'[^A-Za-z]', word_list)) # 正则表达式提取字母
word_list = word_list.upper() # 转大写字母
word_list = list(word_list)
word = word_list
__, wid = im.vertical(img, ver_num)
pic = []
cut_img = []
error_img = 0
for i in range(len(wid)):
try:
pic.append(img[:, wid[i][0]:wid[i][0] + 9])
___, hei = im.horizontal(pic[i], hor_num)
# print(hei)
cut_img.append(pic[i][hei[0][0]:hei[0][0] + 11, :])
save_img = cv2.copyMakeBorder(cut_img[i], 3, 2, 4, 3, cv2.BORDER_CONSTANT, value=[255, 255, 255])
error_img = save_img
if method_name[method] == 'ocr':
count = word_count[word_list[i]]
count += 1
word_count[word_list[i]] = count # 计数
cv2.imwrite(save_path + '/' + word_list[i] + '/' + str(word_count[word_list[i]]) + '.bmp', save_img)
elif method_name[method] == 'svm':
x = np.array(np.mat(pic_svm.get_feature(save_img))) # 提取图像特征点
number = int(pic_svm.predict(x)[0]) # 使用svm支持向量机识别
simple_word = im.word_number[number] # 将结果转为字母
word.append(simple_word)
count = word_count[simple_word]
count += 1
word_count[simple_word] = count # 计数
cv2.imwrite(save_path + '/' + simple_word + '/' + str(word_count[simple_word]) + '.bmp', save_img) # 保存图片
except IndexError:
print(hei)
word_count[26] += 1
cv2.imwrite(save_path + '/error/' + str(word_count[26]) + '.bmp', error_img)
print(''.join(word) + '\t', end='')
print(word_count)
if __name__ == '__main__':
dir_path = './imgcode'
save_path = './pic'
if not os.path.exists(save_path): # 创建文件夹
os.mkdir(save_path)
for ch, i in zip(range(ord('A'), ord('Z') + 1), range(26)): # 创建分类文件夹
word_count[chr(ch)] = 0
path = save_path + '/' + chr(ch)
if not os.path.exists(path):
os.mkdir(path)
error_path = save_path + '/error'
if not os.path.exists(error_path): # 创建错误文件夹
os.mkdir(error_path)
for file_path in os.listdir(dir_path): # 遍历文件夹
print(file_path + '\t->\t', end='')
img_pro(dir_path, file_path, save_path)
初步获得训练集之后，可以用svm训练，之后可批量生成验证码
这里也给出svm的训练，想看tensorflow的直接略过吧
训练svm
- 导入sklearn.svm的svm
- 特征点设为每列的黑点数，每行的黑点数
def get_feature(img): # 提取图像特征点
width, height = img.shape
pixel_cnt_list = []
for y in range(height):
pix_cnt_x = 0
for x in range(width):
if img[y, x] != 255: # 黑色点
pix_cnt_x += 1
pixel_cnt_list.append(pix_cnt_x)
for x in range(width):
pix_cnt_y = 0
for y in range(height):
if img[y, x] != 255: # 黑色点
pix_cnt_y += 1
pixel_cnt_list.append(pix_cnt_y)
return pixel_cnt_list- 将训练集转换成svm的标签数据
def get_files(filename): # 提取文件夹下文件名、目录
class_train = []
label_train = []
word = 'ABCDEFGHJKLMNPRSTUVWXYZ'
word = list(word)
word_dirt = {}
for i in range(len(word)):
word_dirt[word[i]] = i
for train_class in os.listdir(filename):
for pic in os.listdir(filename + '/' + train_class):
class_train.append(filename + '/' + train_class + '/' + pic)
label_train.append(train_class)
temp = np.array([class_train, label_train])
temp = temp.transpose()
# after transpose, images is in dimension 0 and label in dimension 1
image_list = list(temp[:, 0])
label_list = list(temp[:, 1])
label_list = [word_dirt[i] for i in label_list]
# print(label_list)
return image_list, label_list
def batches(image_path, label): # 生成svm标签数据
x = []
y = []
for path, i in zip(image_path, label):
image = cv2.imread(path, flags=0)
datalist = get_feature(image)
x.append(datalist)
y.append(i)
return np.array(y), np.array(x)- 进行svm训练并保存模型
import numpy as np
import cv2
import os
from sklearn.svm import SVC # 导入svm
from sklearn.externals import joblib
def trainSVM(y, x):
clf = SVC(kernel='linear')
rf = clf.fit(x, y)
score_linear = clf.score(x, y)
print("The score of linear is : %f" % score_linear)
joblib.dump(rf, 'word_svm.model')
def predict(x):
RF = joblib.load('word_svm.model')
return RF.predict(x)
if __name__ == '__main__':
array = get_files('./train_data')
array = batches(array[0], array[1])
trainSVM(array[0], array[1])训练完成后，直接将特征点输入predict(x)就会返回判断值
tensorflow训练cnn
- 建立一个卷积神经网络
可以使用tensorflow中文官网的http://www.tensorfly.cn/tfdoc/tutorials/mnist_pros.html深入MNIST的模型
本质上就是用python把流程图画出来，设置好评价函数、反向传播函数。设置完成后建立session与C++后台对话。sess.run()开始，后台将实际的参数填充，运行。
因为验证码没有I、O、Q字母所以输出只设置为23维向量
import time
import tensorflow as tf
import os
import numpy as np
from PIL import Image
import random
def weight_variable(shape):
initial = tf.truncated_normal(shape, stddev=0.1)
return tf.Variable(initial)
def bias_variable(shape):
initial = tf.constant(0.1, shape=shape)
return tf.Variable(initial)
def conv_2d(x, w):
return tf.nn.conv2d(x, w, strides=[1, 1, 1, 1], padding='SAME')
def max_pool_2x2(x):
return tf.nn.max_pool(x, ksize=[1, 2, 2, 1],
strides=[1, 2, 2, 1], padding='SAME')
def get_files(filename): # 提取文件夹下文件名、目录
class_train = []
label_train = []
word = 'ABCDEFGHJKLMNPRSTUVWXYZ'
word = list(word)
word_dirt = {}
for i in range(len(word)):
word_dirt[word[i]] = i
for train_class in os.listdir(filename):
for pic in os.listdir(filename + '/' + train_class):
class_train.append(filename + '/' + train_class + '/' + pic)
label_train.append(train_class)
temp = np.array([class_train, label_train])
temp = temp.transpose()
# after transpose, images is in dimension 0 and label in dimension 1
image_list = list(temp[:, 0])
label_list = list(temp[:, 1])
label_list = [word_dirt[i] for i in label_list]
# print(label_list)
return image_list, label_list
def batches(image_path, label): # 生成cnn标签数据
x = []
for path, i in zip(image_path, label):
image = np.array(Image.open(path).convert('L'))
image_list = []
rows = image.shape[0]
cols = image.shape[1]
image = abs(255 - image)
max_px = np.max(image)
for row in range(rows):
for col in range(cols):
image_list.append(image[row, col] / max_px)
image_list.insert(0, i)
x.append(image_list)
return x
def get_batches(batches):
x = []
y = []
for iter in batches:
out = [0 for i in range(23)]
out[iter[0]] = 1
y.append(out)
x.append(iter[1:])
return np.array(x), np.array(y)
def get_batche(batches, num):
batch = random.sample(batches, num)
x = []
y = []
for iter in batch:
out = [0 for i in range(23)]
out[iter[0]] = 1
y.append(out)
x.append(iter[1:])
return np.array(x), np.array(y)
if __name__ == '__main__':
# Create the model
# placeholder
x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, shape=[None, 16*16], name='input_x')
y_ = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, shape=[None, 23], name='input_y')
# first
W_conv1 = weight_variable([5, 5, 1, 32])
b_conv1 = bias_variable([32])
x_image = tf.reshape(x, [-1, 16, 16, 1])
h_conv1 = tf.nn.relu(tf_tools.conv_2d(x_image, W_conv1) + b_conv1)
h_pool1 = max_pool_2x2(h_conv1)
# second
W_conv2 = weight_variable([5, 5, 32, 64])
b_conv2 = bias_variable([64])
h_conv2 = tf.nn.relu(tf_tools.conv_2d(h_pool1, W_conv2) + b_conv2)
h_pool2 = max_pool_2x2(h_conv2)
W_fc1 = weight_variable([4 * 4 * 64, 1024])
b_fc1 = bias_variable([1024])
h_pool2_flat = tf.reshape(h_pool2, [-1, 4 * 4 * 64])
h_fc1 = tf.nn.relu(tf.matmul(h_pool2_flat, W_fc1) + b_fc1)
# dropout
keep_prob = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, name='keep_prob')
h_fc1_drop = tf.nn.dropout(h_fc1, keep_prob)
# softmax
W_fc2 = weight_variable([1024, 23])
b_fc2 = bias_variable([23])
y_conv = tf.nn.softmax(tf.matmul(h_fc1_drop, W_fc2) + b_fc2)
cross_entropy = -tf.reduce_sum(y_*tf.log(y_conv))
train_step = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(1e-4).minimize(cross_entropy)
correct_prediction = tf.equal(tf.argmax(y_conv, 1), tf.argmax(y_, 1))
accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_prediction, tf.float32))
tf.add_to_collection('pred_network', y_conv)
array = get_files('./train_data')
array = batches(array[0], array[1])
with tf.Session() as sess:
sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())
saver = tf.train.Saver(max_to_keep=1)
time_start = time.time()
for i in range(2000):
batch = get_batche(array, 50) # 样本数量
if i % 100 == 0:
train_accuracy = accuracy.eval(feed_dict={
x: batch[0], y_: batch[1], keep_prob: 1.0})
print("step %d, training accuracy %f" % (i, train_accuracy))
train_step.run(feed_dict={x: batch[0], y_: batch[1], keep_prob: 0.5}) # 训练模型
x_data, y_data = tf_tools.get_batches(array)
print("test accuracy %g" % accuracy.eval(feed_dict={x: x_data, y_: y_data, keep_prob: 1.0}))
time_end = time.time()
print('totally cost ' + str(time_end-time_start) + 's')
saver.save(sess, './ckpt/mnist.ckpt', global_step=0) # 保存模型
百分之百的准确率！(cnn牛逼！)
训练完成后就可以测试数据啦
用saver.restore导入模型
ckpt = tf.train.get_checkpoint_state('./ckpt/')
saver = tf.train.import_meta_graph(ckpt.model_checkpoint_path + '.meta')
print(ckpt.model_checkpoint_path)
with tf.Session() as sess:
saver.restore(sess, ckpt.model_checkpoint_path)测试代码
import cv2
import os
import tensorflow as tf
import tf_tools as tf_t
import improcessing as im
import numpy as np
if __name__ == '__main__':
dir_path = './imgcode2'
save_path = './pic2'
if not os.path.exists(save_path):
os.mkdir(save_path)
ckpt = tf.train.get_checkpoint_state('./ckpt/')
saver = tf.train.import_meta_graph(ckpt.model_checkpoint_path + '.meta')
print(ckpt.model_checkpoint_path)
array = tf_t.get_files('./train_data')
array = tf_t.batches(array[0], array[1])
with tf.Session() as sess:
saver.restore(sess, ckpt.model_checkpoint_path)
y = tf.get_collection('pred_network')[0]
graph = tf.get_default_graph()
input_x = graph.get_operation_by_name('input_x').outputs[0]
keep_prob = graph.get_operation_by_name('keep_prob').outputs[0]
ver_num = 5 # 垂直投影阈值
hor_num = 8 # 水平投影阈值
min_area = 5 # 连通域面积阈值
for file_path in os.listdir(dir_path): # 遍历文件夹
print(file_path + '\t->\t', end='')
img = cv2.imread(dir_path + '\\' + file_path, flags=0) # 读取图片
img = im.process(img, min_area)
__, wid = im.vertical(img, ver_num) # 得到垂直投影标记
pic = []
cut_img = []
test_word = ''
datalist = []
for i in range(len(wid)): # 提取验证码四个字母特征点
pic.append(img[:, wid[i][0]:wid[i][0] + 9]) # 垂直切割图像
___, hei = im.horizontal(pic[i], hor_num) # 得到水平投影标记
# print(hei)
cut_img.append(pic[i][hei[0][0]:hei[0][0] + 11, :]) # 水平切割图像
save_img = cv2.copyMakeBorder(cut_img[i], 3, 2, 4, 3, cv2.BORDER_CONSTANT,
value=[255, 255, 255]) # 将图像大小扩充到16*16
save_img = np.abs(255 - save_img)
data = save_img / np.max(save_img)
xt = []
for row in range(data.shape[0]):
for col in range(data.shape[1]):
xt.append(data[row, col])
datalist.append(xt)
x = np.array(datalist)
result = sess.run(y, feed_dict={input_x: x, keep_prob: 1.0})
for iter in result:
i = np.where(iter == np.max(iter))[0][0]
test_word += im.word_number[i] # 将结果转为字母
print(test_word)
cv2.imwrite(save_path + '/' + test_word + '.bmp', img) # 保存结果
大功告成！
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