5G NR Operating bands and channel bandwidth

本文详细解析了NR(New Radio)中的关键频谱概念,包括频率范围(FR1和FR2)、运营频带、信道带宽及传输带宽配置。探讨了这些概念之间的层级关系,并提供了具体示例,帮助理解NR网络中的频谱管理和资源分配。

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1.NR frequency range

NR支持两种频率范围:FR1和FR2
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2. Operating band

Operating band是指NR中有编号的、实实际际规定了上下频率边界的一段频带,如下图为FR1内的所有Operating bands,FR2内的Operating bands可参考38101-2,下面的几个概念同理,只用FR1举例。
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3.Channel bandwidth
channel bandwidth是指UE所支持的几种固定的带宽配置,如5MHz、10MHz等,是包含在operating band内的。下两图分别给出FR1和FR2所支持的所有channel bandwidth
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4. Transmission bandwidth configuration是指在上述2中所配置的UE的channel bandwidth内,实际用于发送内容的RB数量,即transmission bandwidth configuration包含在channel bandwidth中,但不是全部占满,其余的部分为guardband。以图中5MHz channel bandwidth、15kHz子载波间隔为例,25个RB占用的带宽是:25每个RB12个子载波每个子载波15kHz+1个预留RE即一个子载波=4515kHz,则剩下的(5MHz-4515kHz)/2=242.5kHz就等于两边要留的最小保护间隔。下两表是FR1的最大RB配置和最小保护间隔情况:
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下两表是FR2的最大RB配置和最小保护间隔情况:
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所以上述几个概念的包含关系如下图:
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### 5G NR Network Attachment Process Explained In the context of mobile communications, attaching to a 5G New Radio (NR) network is crucial for devices seeking initial access or re-establishing connections after power-on or entering coverage areas. The procedure involves several key steps that ensure secure and efficient establishment of services. #### Initial Access Procedure The device begins by scanning available frequencies to detect synchronization signals from nearby base stations[^4]. Once identified, it synchronizes with one based on signal strength and quality metrics. This phase includes acquiring downlink system information necessary for further operations. #### Random Access Channel (RACH) Procedure To initiate communication towards the core network, User Equipment (UE) must perform random access through RACH messages. These exchanges facilitate resource allocation requests while also serving as part of contention resolution mechanisms among multiple UEs attempting simultaneous connection attempts[^1]. #### Security Mode Command Exchange Following successful completion of previous stages, security parameters are negotiated between UE and gNodeB via NAS signaling. Encryption keys get established ensuring confidentiality during subsequent transmissions over both control plane and user planes[^3]. #### Registration Request Submission With secured channels set up, the terminal sends its registration request containing identification details along with any additional capabilities supported such as dual connectivity options if applicable. Upon verification against home subscriber server records, appropriate permissions alongside session management configurations follow suit[^2]. ```python def nr_network_attachment(): # Scanning frequency bands for sync signals scan_frequencies() # Performing RACH procedures including preamble transmission send_rach_preamble() # Establishing encrypted channel using agreed upon algorithms negotiate_security_parameters() # Submitting registration info to gain authorized access rights submit_registration_request() ```
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