蓝牙通信博客

蓝牙通信

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前言

这是AS在实现蓝牙通信的一个实验记录博客，如果博客中有内容描述错误或者代码有误，欢迎批评和指正。

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提示：以下是本篇文章正文内容。

一、实验内容与界面展示

1. 实验内容与技术

1、根据课内的学习网址进行蓝牙通信的简要设计与开发。

2.界面展示

两台真机检测：

二、蓝牙通信的简要设计与开发

本次实验是基于之前的WeChat类开发进行的蓝牙通信的设计与开发，实验的界面是发现界面。具体开发设计步骤如下。
在进行实验前首先先了解一下AS中的蓝牙通信设计需要的一些关键知识。

1. 使用蓝牙API建立蓝牙连接

1.打开蓝牙；
2.查找附近已配对或可用的设备；
3.连接设备；
4.设备间数据交换。

1. UUID
   UUID(Universally Unique Identifier)：通用唯一识别码，软件建构的标准。其保证对同一时空中的所有机器都唯一。其目的是让分布式系统中的所有元素，都能有唯一的辨识资讯，而不需要透过中央控制端来做辨识资讯的指定。

2. 蓝牙RFCOMM数据通信
   一个蓝牙设备可提供多种服务，每种服务对应一个UUID。
   服务有：蓝牙音频传输 A2DP，免提 HEADFREE，电话本 PBAP，串口通信 SPP。
   可通过BluetoothSocket类建立有关蓝牙通信的套接字socket，通过MAC地址来识别远程设备，建立完通信连接RFCOMM通道后以输入、输出流方式通信。

public BluetoothSocket createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(UUID uuid)

其中的UUID参数指定socket的端口。
蓝牙通信分server服务器端和client客户端，它们用BluetoothSocket类的不同方法来获取数据。

server端：

	private class AcceptThread extends Thread {
        private final BluetoothServerSocket mmServerSocket;

        public AcceptThread() {
            BluetoothServerSocket tmp = null;
            try {
                tmp = mAdapter.listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(NAME, MY_UUID);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            mmServerSocket = tmp;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            setName("AcceptThread");
            BluetoothSocket socket = null;
            while (mState != STATE_CONNECTED) {
                try {
                    socket = mmServerSocket.accept();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                if (socket != null) {
                    synchronized (BluetoothChatService.this) {
                        switch (mState) {
                            case STATE_LISTEN:
                            case STATE_CONNECTING:
                                connected(socket, socket.getRemoteDevice());
                                break;
                            case STATE_NONE:
                            case STATE_CONNECTED:
                                try {
                                    socket.close();
                                } catch (IOException e) {
                                    e.printStackTrace();
                                }
                                break;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        public void cancel() {
            try {
                mmServerSocket.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

client端：

	private class ConnectThread extends Thread {
        private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket;
        private final BluetoothDevice mmDevice;

        public ConnectThread(BluetoothDevice device) {
            mmDevice = device;
            BluetoothSocket tmp = null;
            try {
                tmp = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(MY_UUID);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            mmSocket = tmp;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            setName("ConnectThread");
            mAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
            try {
                mmSocket.connect();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                connectionFailed();
                try {
                    mmSocket.close();
                } catch (IOException ex) {
                    ex.printStackTrace();
                }
                BluetoothChatService.this.start();
                return;
            }
            synchronized (BluetoothChatService.this) {
                mConnectThread = null;
            }
            connected(mmSocket, mmDevice);
        }

        public void cancel() {
            try {
                mmSocket.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    private class ConnectedThread  extends Thread {
        private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket;
        private final InputStream mmInStream;
        private final OutputStream mmOutStream;

        public ConnectedThread(BluetoothSocket socket) {
            mmSocket = socket;
            InputStream tmpIn = null;
            OutputStream tmpOut = null;
            try {
                tmpIn = socket.getInputStream();
                tmpOut = socket.getOutputStream();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            mmInStream = tmpIn;
            mmOutStream = tmpOut;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int bytes;
            while (true) {
                try {
                    bytes = mmInStream.read(buffer);
                  mHandler.obtainMessage(homeFragment.MESSAGE_READ, bytes, -1, buffer).sendToTarget();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    connectionLost();
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        public void write(byte[] buffer) {
            try {
                mmOutStream.write(buffer);
                mHandler.obtainMessage(homeFragment.MESSAGE_WRITE, -1, -1, buffer).sendToTarget();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        public void cancel() {
            try {
                mmSocket.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

synchronized：同步方法实现排队调用。

2. 注册权限

<!--下面2个是普通权限，只需要在清单文件里注册，不需要在程序里动态申请-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />

3. 配置res/values/strings.xml文件

在文件res/values/strings.xml里，添加程序运行过程中的状态描述文本及配色代码等，其代码如下：

<resources>
    <string name="app_name">wechart</string>
    <string name="send">发送</string>
    <string name="not_connected">你没有链接一个设备</string>
    <string name="bt_not_enabled_leaving">蓝牙不可用，离开聊天室</string>
    <string name="title_connecting">链接中...</string>
    <string name="title_connected_to">连接到：</string>
    <string name="title_not_connected">无链接</string>
    <string name="scanning">蓝牙设备搜索中...</string>
    <string name="select_device">选择一个好友链接</string>
    <string name="none_paired">没有配对好友</string>
    <string name="none_found">附近没有发现好友</string>
    <string name="title_paired_devices">已配对好友</string>
    <string name="title_other_devices">其它可连接好友</string>
    <string name="button_scan">搜索好友</string>
    <string name="connect">我的好友</string>
    <string name="discoverable">设置在线</string>
    <string name="back">退出</string>
    <string name="startVideo">开始聊天</string>
    <string name="stopVideo">结束聊天</string>
</resources>

4. 配置fragment_faxian.xml文件

在fragment_faxian.xml里，添加1个Toolbar控件，其内包含2个水平的TextView控件；在Toolbar控件的下方添加1个ListView控件，用于显示聊天内容；最后在ListView控件的下方添加水平放置的1个EditText控件和一个Button控件。

使用垂直线性布局并嵌套水平线性布局实现的代码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

<!--    &lt;!&ndash; TODO: Update blank fragment layout &ndash;&gt;-->
<!--    <TextView-->
<!--        android:layout_width="match_parent"-->
<!--        android:layout_height="match_parent"-->
<!--        android:gravity="center"-->
<!--        android:text="这是发现界面"-->
<!--        android:textSize="30sp" />-->
    <androidx.appcompat.widget.Toolbar
        android:id="@+id/toolbar"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content">
        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:orientation="horizontal">
            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/title_left_text"
                style="?android:attr/windowTitleStyle"
                android:layout_width="0dp"
                android:layout_height="match_parent"
                android:gravity="center|start"
                android:layout_weight="1"
                android:ellipsize="end"
                android:singleLine="true" />
            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/title_right_text"
                android:layout_width="0dp"
                android:layout_height="match_parent"
                android:layout_weight="1"
                android:ellipsize="end"
                android:gravity="end|center"
                android:singleLine="true"
                android:textColor="#808080" />
        </LinearLayout>
    </androidx.appcompat.widget.Toolbar>

    <ListView android:id="@+id/in"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:stackFromBottom="true"
        android:transcriptMode="alwaysScroll"
        android:layout_weight="1" />
    <LinearLayout
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content">

        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/edit_text_out"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_gravity="bottom"
            android:layout_weight="1" />
        <Button android:id="@+id/button_send"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="@string/send"/>
    </LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>

实现界面如图所示：

5. 设计faxianService.java类

编写用于蓝牙会话的服务组件faxianService，本质上是一个工具类，其文件代码如下：

/*
    本程序faxianService是蓝牙会话的服务程序
    定义了3个内部类：AcceptThread（接受新连接）、ConnectThread（发出连接）和ConnectedThread （已连接）
*/
public class faxianService {
    /** 连接的名称*/
    private static final String NAME = "BlueToothChat";
    /** UUID*/
    // UUID：通用唯一识别码,是一个128位长的数字，一般用十六进制表示
    //算法的核心思想是结合机器的网卡、当地时间、一个随机数来生成
    //再创建蓝牙连接
    private static String strBlueTooth = "fa87c0d0-afac-11de-8a39-0800200c9a66";
    private static final UUID MY_UUID = UUID.fromString(strBlueTooth);
    private final BluetoothAdapter mAdapter;
    /** 线程中通信的更新UI的Handler*/
    private final Handler mHandler;

    private AcceptThread mAcceptThread;
    /** 监听到有客户端连接，新建一个线程单独处理，不然在此线程中会堵塞*/
    private ConnectedThread mConnectedThread;
    private ConnectThread mConnectThread;
    private int mState;

    public static final int STATE_NONE = 0;
    public static final int STATE_LISTEN = 1;
    public static final int STATE_CONNECTING = 2;
    public static final int STATE_CONNECTED = 3;

    public faxianService(Context context, Handler handler) {
        mAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
        mState = STATE_NONE;
        mHandler = handler;
    }

    private synchronized void setState(int state) {
        mState = state;
        mHandler.obtainMessage(faxianFragment.MESSAGE_STATE_CHANGE, state, -1).sendToTarget();
    }

    public synchronized int getState() {
        return mState;
    }

    public synchronized void start() {
        if (mConnectThread != null) {
            mConnectThread.cancel();
            mConnectThread = null;
        }
        if (mConnectedThread != null) {
            mConnectedThread.cancel();
            mConnectedThread = null;
        }
        if (mAcceptThread == null) {
            mAcceptThread = new AcceptThread();
            mAcceptThread.start();
        }
        setState(STATE_LISTEN);
    }

    public synchronized void connect(BluetoothDevice device) {
        if (mState == STATE_CONNECTING) {
            if (mConnectThread != null) {
                mConnectThread.cancel();
                mConnectThread = null;
            }
        }
        if (mConnectedThread != null) {
            mConnectedThread.cancel();
            mConnectedThread = null;
        }
        mConnectThread = new ConnectThread(device);
        mConnectThread.start();
        setState(STATE_CONNECTING);
    }

    public synchronized void connected(BluetoothSocket socket, BluetoothDevice device) {
        if (mConnectThread != null) {
            mConnectThread.cancel();
            mConnectThread = null;
        }
        if (mConnectedThread != null) {
            mConnectedThread.cancel();
            mConnectedThread = null;
        }
        if (mAcceptThread != null) {
            mAcceptThread.cancel();
            mAcceptThread = null;
        }
        mConnectedThread = new ConnectedThread(socket);
        mConnectedThread.start();
        Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage(faxianFragment.MESSAGE_DEVICE_NAME);
        Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
        bundle.putString(faxianFragment.DEVICE_NAME, device.getName());
        msg.setData(bundle);
        mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
        setState(STATE_CONNECTED);
    }

    public synchronized void stop() {
        if (mConnectThread != null) {
            mConnectThread.cancel();
            mConnectThread = null;
        }
        if (mConnectedThread != null) {
            mConnectedThread.cancel();
            mConnectedThread = null;
        }
        if (mAcceptThread != null) {
            mAcceptThread.cancel();
            mAcceptThread = null;
        }
        setState(STATE_NONE);
    }

    public void write(byte[] out) {
        ConnectedThread r;
        synchronized (this) {
            if (mState != STATE_CONNECTED) {
                return;
            }
            r = mConnectedThread;
        }
        r.write(out);
    }

    public void connectionFailed() {
        setState(STATE_LISTEN);
        Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage(faxianFragment.MESSAGE_TOAST);
        Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
        bundle.putString(faxianFragment.TOAST, "链接不到设备");
        msg.setData(bundle);
        mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
    }

    public void connectionLost() {
        setState(STATE_LISTEN);
        Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage(faxianFragment.MESSAGE_TOAST);
        Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
        bundle.putString(faxianFragment.TOAST, "设备链接失败");
        msg.setData(bundle);
        mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
    }

    private class AcceptThread extends Thread {
        private final BluetoothServerSocket mmServerSocket;

        public AcceptThread() {
            BluetoothServerSocket tmp = null;
            try {
                tmp = mAdapter.listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(NAME, MY_UUID);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            mmServerSocket = tmp;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            setName("AcceptThread");
            BluetoothSocket socket = null;
            while (mState != STATE_CONNECTED) {
                try {
                    socket = mmServerSocket.accept();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();           
                }
                if (socket != null) {
                    synchronized (faxianService.this) {
                        switch (mState) {
                            case STATE_LISTEN:
                            case STATE_CONNECTING:
                                connected(socket, socket.getRemoteDevice());
                                break;
                            case STATE_NONE:
                            case STATE_CONNECTED:
                                try {
                                    socket.close();
                                } catch (IOException e) {
                                    e.printStackTrace();
                                }
                                break;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        public void cancel() {
            try {
                mmServerSocket.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    private class ConnectThread extends Thread {
        private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket;
        private final BluetoothDevice mmDevice;

        public ConnectThread(BluetoothDevice device) {
            mmDevice = device;
            BluetoothSocket tmp = null;
            try {
                tmp = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(MY_UUID);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            mmSocket = tmp;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            setName("ConnectThread");
            mAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
            try {
                mmSocket.connect();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                connectionFailed();
                try {
                    mmSocket.close();
                } catch (IOException ex) {
                    ex.printStackTrace();
                }
                faxianService.this.start();
                return;
            }
            synchronized (faxianService.this) {
                mConnectThread = null;
            }
            connected(mmSocket, mmDevice);
        }

        public void cancel() {
            try {
                mmSocket.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    private class ConnectedThread  extends Thread {
        private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket;
        private final InputStream mmInStream;
        private final OutputStream mmOutStream;

        public ConnectedThread(BluetoothSocket socket) {
            mmSocket = socket;
            InputStream tmpIn = null;
            OutputStream tmpOut = null;
            try {
                tmpIn = socket.getInputStream();
                tmpOut = socket.getOutputStream();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            mmInStream = tmpIn;
            mmOutStream = tmpOut;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int bytes;
            while (true) {
                try {
                    bytes = mmInStream.read(buffer);
                    mHandler.obtainMessage(faxianFragment.MESSAGE_READ, bytes, -1, buffer).sendToTarget();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    connectionLost();
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        public void write(byte[] buffer) {
            try {
                mmOutStream.write(buffer);
                mHandler.obtainMessage(faxianFragment.MESSAGE_WRITE, -1, -1, buffer).sendToTarget();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        public void cancel() {
            try {
                mmSocket.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

6. 配置res/menu/optionmenu.xml文件

建立供faxianFragment使用的菜单文件res/menu/optionmenu.xml

菜单文件option_menu.xml的代码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <item android:id="@+id/scan"
        android:icon="@android:drawable/ic_menu_myplaces"
        android:title="@string/connect" />
    <item android:id="@+id/discoverable"
        android:icon="@android:drawable/ic_menu_view"
        android:title="@string/discoverable" />
    <item android:id="@+id/back"
        android:icon="@android:drawable/ic_menu_close_clear_cancel"
        android:title="@string/back" />
</menu>

7. 配置devicelist.xml文件

建立选择好友（即已经配对过的蓝牙设备）的界面布局文件devicelist.xml。

选择好友界面的布局文件device_list.xml的代码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <TextView android:id="@+id/title_paired_devices"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/title_paired_devices"
        android:visibility="gone"
        android:background="#666"
        android:textColor="#fff"
        android:paddingLeft="5dp" />
    <ListView android:id="@+id/paired_devices"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight="1" />
    <TextView android:id="@+id/title_new_devices"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/title_other_devices"
        android:visibility="gone"
        android:background="#666"
        android:textColor="#fff"
        android:paddingLeft="5dp" />
    <!--android:visibility="gone"表示不占空间的隐藏，invisible是占空间-->
    <ListView android:id="@+id/new_devices"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight="2" />
    <Button android:id="@+id/button_scan"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/button_scan" />
</LinearLayout>

8. 设计DeviceList.java类

新建Activity组件DeviceList，实现选取与之会话的蓝牙设备，其文件代码如下：

/*
    本程序供菜单项主界面的选项菜单“我的友好”调用，用于：
    （1）显示已配对的好友列表；
    （2）搜索可配对的好友进行配对
    （3）新选择并配对的蓝牙设备将刷新好友列表
    注意：发现新的蓝牙设备并请求配对时，需要对应接受
    关键技术：动态注册一个广播接收者，处理蓝牙设备扫描的结果
*/
public class DeviceList extends AppCompatActivity {
    private BluetoothAdapter mBtAdapter;
    private ArrayAdapter<String> mPairedDevicesArrayAdapter;
    private ArrayAdapter<String> mNewDevicesArrayAdapter;
    public static String EXTRA_DEVICE_ADDRESS = "device_address";  //Mac地址
    //定义广播接收者，用于处理扫描蓝牙设备后的结果
    private final BroadcastReceiver mReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            String action = intent.getAction();
            if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) {
                BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
                if (device.getBondState() != BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED) {
                    mNewDevicesArrayAdapter.add(device.getName() + "\n" + device.getAddress());
                }
            } else if (BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED.equals(action)) {
                if (mNewDevicesArrayAdapter.getCount() == 0) {
                    String noDevices = getResources().getText(R.string.none_found).toString();
                    mNewDevicesArrayAdapter.add(noDevices);
                }
            }
        }
    };
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.device_list);
        //在被调用活动里，设置返回结果码
        setResult(Activity.RESULT_CANCELED);
        init();  //活动界面
    }
    private void init() {
        Button scanButton = findViewById(R.id.button_scan);
        scanButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Toast.makeText(DeviceList.this, R.string.scanning, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                doDiscovery();  //搜索蓝牙设备
            }
        });
        mPairedDevicesArrayAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, R.layout.device_name);
        mNewDevicesArrayAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, R.layout.device_name);
        //已配对蓝牙设备列表
        ListView pairedListView =findViewById(R.id.paired_devices);
        pairedListView.setAdapter(mPairedDevicesArrayAdapter);
        pairedListView.setOnItemClickListener(mPaireDeviceClickListener);
        //未配对蓝牙设备列表
        ListView newDevicesListView = findViewById(R.id.new_devices);
        newDevicesListView.setAdapter(mNewDevicesArrayAdapter);
        newDevicesListView.setOnItemClickListener(mNewDeviceClickListener);
        //动态注册广播接收者
        IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);
        registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter);
        filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED);
        registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter);
        mBtAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
        Set<BluetoothDevice> pairedDevices = mBtAdapter.getBondedDevices();
        if (pairedDevices.size() > 0) {
            findViewById(R.id.title_paired_devices).setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
            for (BluetoothDevice device : pairedDevices) {
                mPairedDevicesArrayAdapter.add(device.getName() + "\n" + device.getAddress());
            }
        } else {
            String noDevices = getResources().getText(R.string.none_paired).toString();
            mPairedDevicesArrayAdapter.add(noDevices);
        }
    }
    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        if (mBtAdapter != null) {
            mBtAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
        }
        this.unregisterReceiver(mReceiver);
    }
    private void doDiscovery() {
        findViewById(R.id.title_new_devices).setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
        if (mBtAdapter.isDiscovering()) {
            mBtAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
        }
        mBtAdapter.startDiscovery();  //开始搜索蓝牙设备并产生广播
        //startDiscovery是一个异步方法
        //找到一个设备时就发送一个BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND的广播
    }
    private AdapterView.OnItemClickListener mPaireDeviceClickListener = new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
        public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> av, View v, int arg2, long arg3) {
            mBtAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
            String info = ((TextView) v).getText().toString();
            String address = info.substring(info.length() - 17);
            Intent intent = new Intent();
            intent.putExtra(EXTRA_DEVICE_ADDRESS, address);  //Mac地址
            setResult(Activity.RESULT_OK, intent);
            finish();
        }
    };
    private AdapterView.OnItemClickListener mNewDeviceClickListener = new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
        public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> av, View v, int arg2, long arg3) {
            mBtAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
            Toast.makeText(DeviceList.this, "请在蓝牙设置界面手动连接设备",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_BLUETOOTH_SETTINGS);
            startActivityForResult(intent,1);
        }
    };
    //回调方法：进入蓝牙配对设置界面返回后执行
    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
        init();  //刷新好友列表
    }
}

9. 重新设计faxianFragment.java类

/*
    演示了使用手机蓝牙实现会话功能
    实验步骤：
    （1）在两个手机分别安装、运行本应用。如果未打开手机蓝牙，则进入打开蓝牙设置界面；
    （2）在OptionMenu（选项菜单）里，选择“我的好友”，即可直接连接，再进行会话；
    （3）新建好友前，需要先使用选项菜单“设置在线”，即要求对方可见（能被扫描到）。
    然后，单击“搜索好友”按钮。
*/
public class faxianFragment extends Fragment {
    public static final int MESSAGE_STATE_CHANGE = 1;
    public static final int MESSAGE_READ = 2;
    public static final int MESSAGE_WRITE = 3;
    public static final int MESSAGE_DEVICE_NAME = 4;
    public static final int MESSAGE_TOAST = 5;
    public static final String DEVICE_NAME = "device_name";
    public static final String TOAST = "toast";
    private static final int REQUEST_CONNECT_DEVICE = 1;  //请求连接设备
    private static final int REQUEST_ENABLE_BT = 2;
    private TextView mTitle;
    private ListView mConversationView;
    private EditText mOutEditText;
    private Button mSendButton;
    private String mConnectedDeviceName = null;
    private ArrayAdapter<String> mConversationArrayAdapter;
    private StringBuffer mOutStringBuffer;
    private BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter = null;
    private faxianService mChatService = null;
    View view;

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_faxian, container, false);
        Toolbar toolbar = (Toolbar) view.findViewById(R.id.toolbar);
        setHasOptionsMenu(true);
//        ((AppCompatActivity) getActivity()).setSupportActionBar(toolbar);
//        ((AppCompatActivity)getActivity()).getSupportActionBar().hide();  //隐藏标题栏  //*************************************************
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
            if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(view.getContext(), Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(getActivity(),new String[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION}, 1);
            }
        }
        //创建选项菜单
        toolbar.inflateMenu(R.menu.option_menu);
        //选项菜单监听
        toolbar.setOnMenuItemClickListener(new MyMenuItemClickListener());
        mTitle = view.findViewById(R.id.title_left_text);
        mTitle.setText("蓝牙通信");
        mTitle = view.findViewById(R.id.title_right_text);
        // 得到本地蓝牙适配器
        mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
        if (mBluetoothAdapter == null) {
            Toast.makeText(view.getContext(), "蓝牙不可用", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            getActivity().finish();
            return view;
        }
        if (!mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) { //若当前设备蓝牙功能未开启
            Intent enableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
            startActivityForResult(enableIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT); //
        } else {
            if (mChatService == null) {
                setupChat();  //创建会话
            }
        }

        return view;
    }
    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        if(grantResults.length>0){
            if(grantResults[0]!=PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
                Toast.makeText(view.getContext(), "未授权，蓝牙搜索功能将不可用！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        }
    }
    @Override
    public synchronized void onResume() {
        //synchronized：同步方法实现排队调用
        super.onResume();
        if (mChatService != null) {
            if (mChatService.getState() == faxianService.STATE_NONE) {
                mChatService.start();
            }
        }
    }

    private void setupChat() {
        mConversationArrayAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(view.getContext(), R.layout.message);
        mConversationView = view.findViewById(R.id.in);
        mConversationView.setAdapter(mConversationArrayAdapter);
        mOutEditText = view.findViewById(R.id.edit_text_out);
        mOutEditText.setOnEditorActionListener(mWriteListener);
        mSendButton = view.findViewById(R.id.button_send);
        mSendButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            public void onClick(View v) {
                TextView textView = view.findViewById(R.id.edit_text_out);
                String message = textView.getText().toString();
                sendMessage(message);
            }
        });
        //创建服务对象
        mChatService = new faxianService(view.getContext(), mHandler);
        mOutStringBuffer = new StringBuffer("");
    }
    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        if (mChatService != null)
            mChatService.stop();
    }
    private void ensureDiscoverable() { //修改本机蓝牙设备的可见性
        //打开手机蓝牙后，能被其它蓝牙设备扫描到的时间不是永久的
        if (mBluetoothAdapter.getScanMode() != BluetoothAdapter.SCAN_MODE_CONNECTABLE_DISCOVERABLE) {
            Intent discoverableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);
            //设置在300秒内可见（能被扫描）
            discoverableIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 300);
            startActivity(discoverableIntent);
            Toast.makeText(view.getContext(), "已经设置本机蓝牙设备的可见性，对方可搜索了。", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }
    private void sendMessage(String message) {
        if (mChatService.getState() != faxianService.STATE_CONNECTED) {
            Toast.makeText(view.getContext(), R.string.not_connected, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            return;
        }
        if (message.length() > 0) {
            byte[] send = message.getBytes();
            mChatService.write(send);
            mOutStringBuffer.setLength(0);
            mOutEditText.setText(mOutStringBuffer);
        }
    }
    private TextView.OnEditorActionListener mWriteListener = new TextView.OnEditorActionListener() {
        @Override
        public boolean onEditorAction(TextView view, int actionId, KeyEvent event) {
            if (actionId == EditorInfo.IME_NULL && event.getAction() == KeyEvent.ACTION_UP) {
                //软键盘里的回车也能发送消息
                String message = view.getText().toString();
                sendMessage(message);
            }
            return true;
        }
    };
    //使用Handler对象在UI主线程与子线程之间传递消息
    private final Handler mHandler = new Handler() {   //消息处理
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            switch (msg.what) {
                case MESSAGE_STATE_CHANGE:
                    switch (msg.arg1) {
                        case faxianService.STATE_CONNECTED:
                            mTitle.setText(R.string.title_connected_to);
                            mTitle.append(mConnectedDeviceName);
                            mConversationArrayAdapter.clear();
                            break;
                        case faxianService.STATE_CONNECTING:
                            mTitle.setText(R.string.title_connecting);
                            break;
                        case faxianService.STATE_LISTEN:
                        case faxianService.STATE_NONE:
                            mTitle.setText(R.string.title_not_connected);
                            break;
                    }
                    break;
                case MESSAGE_WRITE:
                    byte[] writeBuf = (byte[]) msg.obj;
                    String writeMessage = new String(writeBuf);
                    mConversationArrayAdapter.add("我:  " + writeMessage);
                    break;
                case MESSAGE_READ:
                    byte[] readBuf = (byte[]) msg.obj;
                    String readMessage = new String(readBuf, 0, msg.arg1);
                    mConversationArrayAdapter.add(mConnectedDeviceName + ":  "
                            + readMessage);
                    break;
                case MESSAGE_DEVICE_NAME:
                    mConnectedDeviceName = msg.getData().getString(DEVICE_NAME);
                    Toast.makeText(getActivity().getApplicationContext(),"链接到 " + mConnectedDeviceName, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    break;
                case MESSAGE_TOAST:
                    Toast.makeText(getActivity().getApplicationContext(), msg.getData().getString(TOAST), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    break;
            }
        }
    };
    //返回进入好友列表操作后的数回调方法
    public void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
        switch (requestCode) {
            case REQUEST_CONNECT_DEVICE:
                if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) {
                    String address = data.getExtras().getString(DeviceList.EXTRA_DEVICE_ADDRESS);
                    BluetoothDevice device = mBluetoothAdapter.getRemoteDevice(address);
                    mChatService.connect(device);
                }else if(resultCode==Activity.RESULT_CANCELED){
                    Toast.makeText(view.getContext(), "未选择任何好友！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
                break;
            case REQUEST_ENABLE_BT:
                if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) {
                    setupChat();
                } else {
                    Toast.makeText(view.getContext(), R.string.bt_not_enabled_leaving, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    getActivity().finish();
                }
        }
    }
    //内部类，选项菜单的单击事件处理
    private class MyMenuItemClickListener implements Toolbar.OnMenuItemClickListener {
        @Override
        public boolean onMenuItemClick(MenuItem item) {
            switch (item.getItemId()) {
                case R.id.scan:
                    //启动DeviceList这个Activity
                    Intent serverIntent = new Intent(getActivity(), DeviceList.class);
                    startActivityForResult(serverIntent, REQUEST_CONNECT_DEVICE);
                    return true;
                case R.id.discoverable:
                    ensureDiscoverable();
                    return true;
                case R.id.back:
                    getActivity().finish();
                    System.exit(0);
                    return true;
            }
            return false;
        }
    }
}

三、源码仓库

码云仓库地址：https://github.com/Julia-rs-zhu/Wechatdemo2

总结

这一次实验博客记录主要是围绕蓝牙通信来展开，首先先学习了三种近场通信的特点以及未来发展趋势，知道了三者的差别和实现区别。同时通过实现蓝牙通信来进一步了解蓝牙通信的配置等，在实验过程中，参考了很多的博客以及官网还有大佬的一些资料，在尝试中学习，最终实验蓝牙通信的效果。可以说是非常值得骄傲的一件事情。
今天就到这里啦，蟹蟹看到这里的盆友！共勉！

参考资料

1. Android近距离通信
2. 蓝牙通信