Pandas库学习笔记(2) Series类型

参考链接: Python数据分析与展示
参考链接: Pandas官网
参考链接: User Guide
参考链接: Getting started tutorials

Series类型:

Series类型由一组数据及与之相关的数据索引组成

演示1:

Python 3.7.4 (tags/v3.7.4:e09359112e, Jul  8 2019, 20:34:20) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license()" for more information.
>>> import pandas as pd
>>> import numpy as np
>>> a = pd.Series([9,8,7,6])
>>> # 输出左侧是自动生成的索引,右侧是值
# 类型是NumPy中的数据类型,
# 因为Pandas是在NumPy基础上构建的
>>> a
0    9
1    8
2    7
3    6
dtype: int64
>>> # 用户自定义索引
b1 = pd.Series([9,8,7,6],index=["a","b",'c','d'])
>>> b1
a    9
b    8
c    7
d    6
dtype: int64
>>> b2 = pd.Series([9,8,7,6],["a","b",'c','d'])  # 如果索引在第二位,也可省略index=
>>> b2
a    9
b    8
c    7
d    6
dtype: int64
>>> 
>>> 

Series类型的创建:

• Series类型可以由如下类型创建：
  • Python列表,index与列表元素个数一致
  • 标量值,index表达Series类型的尺寸
  • Python字典,键值对中的“键”是索引，index从字典中进行选择操作
  • ndarray,索引和数据都可以通过ndarray类型创建
  • 其他函数,range()函数等

实验2:

>>> ################################################
>>> # 由标量创建Series类型
>>> s = pd.Series(25,index=['a','b','c','d']) # 这里不能省略index=
>>> s
a    25
b    25
c    25
d    25
dtype: int64
>>> # 由字典类型创建
>>> dd = pd.Series({'a':99,'b':88,'c':77})
>>> dd
a    99
b    88
c    77
dtype: int64
>>> 
>>> # 指明索引的顺序,其中缺失部分是NaN,表示值为空
>>> # 可以理解为index从字典中进行选择操作
>>> ddd = pd.Series({'a':99,'b':88,'c':77},index = ['c','a','b','d'])
>>> ddd
c    77.0
a    99.0
b    88.0
d     NaN
dtype: float64
>>> # 使用numpy中的ndarray类型来创建
>>> n = pd.Series(np.arange(5))
>>> n
0    0
1    1
2    2
3    3
4    4
dtype: int32
>>> # 使用numpy中的ndarray类型来创建
>>> m = pd.Series(np.arange(5),index=np.arange(19,14,-1))
>>> m
19    0
18    1
17    2
16    3
15    4
dtype: int32
>>> b = pd.Series([9,8,7,6],index=["a","b",'c','d'])
>>> b
a    9
b    8
c    7
d    6
dtype: int64
>>> 

• Series类型基本操作:
  • Series类型包括index和values两部分
  • Series类型的操作类似ndarray类型
  • Series类型的操作类似Python字典类型

实验3:

Python 3.7.4 (tags/v3.7.4:e09359112e, Jul  8 2019, 20:34:20) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license()" for more information.
>>> import pandas as pd
>>> import numpy as np
>>> b = pd.Series([9,8,7,6],index=["a","b",'c','d'])
>>> b
a    9
b    8
c    7
d    6
dtype: int64
>>> # 获得Series的索引
>>> b.index
Index(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], dtype='object')
>>> # 获得Series的数据
>>> b.values
array([9, 8, 7, 6], dtype=int64)
>>> # Series内部自动索引和自定义索引并存
>>> b['b']
8
>>> b[1]
8
>>> b["b"]
8
>>> b[["c",'d',0]] # 两套索引方式并存,但是不能混合使用
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<pyshell#12>", line 1, in <module>
   b[["c",'d',0]] # 两套索引方式并存,但是不能混合使用
 File "D:\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\series.py", line 910, in __getitem__
   return self._get_with(key)
 File "D:\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\series.py", line 958, in _get_with
   return self.loc[key]
 File "D:\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\indexing.py", line 1768, in __getitem__
   return self._getitem_axis(maybe_callable, axis=axis)
 File "D:\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\indexing.py", line 1954, in _getitem_axis
   return self._getitem_iterable(key, axis=axis)
 File "D:\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\indexing.py", line 1595, in _getitem_iterable
   keyarr, indexer = self._get_listlike_indexer(key, axis, raise_missing=False)
 File "D:\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\indexing.py", line 1553, in _get_listlike_indexer
   keyarr, indexer, o._get_axis_number(axis), raise_missing=raise_missing
 File "D:\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\indexing.py", line 1655, in _validate_read_indexer
   "Passing list-likes to .loc or [] with any missing labels "
KeyError: 'Passing list-likes to .loc or [] with any missing labels is no longer supported, see https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/indexing.html#deprecate-loc-reindex-listlike'
>>> b[["c",'d','a']]
c    7
d    6
a    9
dtype: int64
>>> 
>>> 

• Series类型的操作类似ndarray类型：
  • 索引方法相同，采用[]
  • NumPy中运算和操作可用于Series类型
  • 可以通过自定义索引的列表进行切片
  • 可以通过自动索引进行切片，如果存在自定义索引，则一同被切片

实验4:

>>> 
>>> # 索引和切片
b = pd.Series([9,8,7,6],index=["a","b",'c','d'])
>>> b
a    9
b    8
c    7
d    6
dtype: int64
>>> # 索引
b[3]
6
>>> b['a']
9
>>> # 切片
b[:3]
a    9
b    8
c    7
dtype: int64
>>> # 求中位数
b.median()
7.5
>>> b[b>b.median()]
a    9
b    8
dtype: int64
>>> np.exp(b)
a    8103.083928
b    2980.957987
c    1096.633158
d     403.428793
dtype: float64
>>> 
>>> 
>>> 

• Series类型的操作类似Python字典类型：
  • 通过自定义索引访问
  • 保留字in操作
  • 使用.get()方法

实验5:

>>> 
>>> b = pd.Series([9,8,7,6],index=["a","b",'c','d'])
>>> b['b']
8
>>> # 判断某一个数据是否在Series的索引中
'c' in b
True
>>> # 不会判断自动索引
0 in b
False
>>> "f" in b
False
>>> # 类似字典的get方法
b.get('f',100)
100
>>> b.get('a',100)
9
>>> 

Series类型在运算中会自动对齐不同索引的数据
实验6:

>>> 
>>> # Series类型的对齐操作
>>> a = pd.Series([1,2,3],['c','d','e'])
>>> b = pd.Series([9,8,7,6],['a','b','c','d'])
>>> # Series类型在运算中会自动对齐不同索引的数据
# 结果的维度是两者的并集
>>> a + b
a    NaN
b    NaN
c    8.0
d    8.0
e    NaN
dtype: float64
>>> 
>>> 

Series对象和索引都可以有一个名字，存储在属性.name中,Series对象可以随时修改并即刻生效:
实验7:

>>> 
>>> 
>>> a = pd.Series([1,2,3],['c','d','e'])
>>> 
>>> 
>>> 
>>> b = pd.Series([9,8,7,6],['a','b','c','d'])
>>> b
a    9
b    8
c    7
d    6
dtype: int64
>>> b.name
>>> b.index.name
>>> b.name = '林麻子Series对象'
>>> b.name
'林麻子Series对象'
>>> b.index.name = '麻子索引列'
>>> b.index.name
'麻子索引列'
>>> b
麻子索引列
a    9
b    8
c    7
d    6
Name: 林麻子Series对象, dtype: int64
>>> 
>>> 
>>> b = pd.Series([9,8,7,6],['a','b','c','d'])
>>> b
a    9
b    8
c    7
d    6
dtype: int64
>>> b['a'] = 15
>>> b.name = '宝儿Series对象'
>>> b
a    15
b     8
c     7
d     6
Name: 宝儿Series对象, dtype: int64
>>> b.name = '宝儿Series新对象'
>>> b
a    15
b     8
c     7
d     6
Name: 宝儿Series新对象, dtype: int64
>>> b['b','c'] = 20200910
>>> b
a          15
b    20200910
c    20200910
d           6
Name: 宝儿Series新对象, dtype: int64
>>> 
>>> 
>>> 

总结:

Series是一维带“标签”数组
index_0  ---> data_a
Series基本操作类似ndarray和字典，根据索引对齐