学习python02——《python编程: 从入门到实践》的学习

#本文章仅用于记录本人学习过程，当作笔记来用，如有侵权请及时告知，谢谢！

P8:

#if条件测试
list1 = ['aa', 'bb', 'cc']
for zimu in list1:
    if zimu == 'bb':
        print(zimu.title())
    else:
         print(zimu.upper())
# AA
# Bb
# CC 

P9：

""" #简单的if语句
age = 19
if age >= 18:
    print("you are old enough!")
#you are old enough!

#if-else从句
age = 17
if age >= 18:
    print("you are old enough!")
else:
    print("No yet!")
#No yet!

#if-elif-else语句
age = 12
if age <= 4:
    print("give me 0 yuan")
elif age <=12:
    print("give me 12 yuan")
else:
    print("give 13 yuan")
#give me 12 yuan

#多个elif语句
age = 12
if age <= 4:
    print("give me 0 yuan")
elif age <=12:
    print("give me 12 yuan")
elif age <=24:
    print("give me 24 yuan")
else:
    print("give 13 yuan")
#give me 12 yuan

#省略else语句
age = 12
if age <= 4:
    print("give me 0 yuan")
elif age <=12:
    print("give me 12 yuan")
elif age <=24:
    print("give me 24 yuan")
elif age > 24:
    print("give 13 yuan")
#give me 12 yuan

#测试多个条件
list1 = ['a', 'b', 'c']
if 'a' in list1:
    print("list1 have a")
if 'b' in list1:
    print("list1 have b")
if 'c' in list1:
    print("list1 have c")


print("\nall is done!")
# list1 have a
# list1 have b
# list1 have c

# all is done! 

P10：

#确定列表不是空的
list1 = []
if list1:
    for zimu in list1:
        print(zimu)
else:
    print("it's empty.")
#it's empty.

#使用多个列表
list2 = ['a','b','c']
list3 = ['a','b','c','e']
for zimu in list3:
    if zimu in list2:
        print("list2 also has the same zimu.")
    else:
        print("list2 doesn't have the same zimu.")
# list2 also has the same zimu.
# list2 also has the same zimu.
# list2 also has the same zimu.
# list2 doesn't have the same zimu.

P11:

#一个简单的字典
zidian = {'mingzi':'1', 'color':'red'}
print(zidian['mingzi'])
print(zidian['color'])
# 1
# red

#访问字典中的值
new_mingzi = zidian['mingzi']
print('You have got a new name:' + str(new_mingzi) + ' haha!')
# You have got a new name:1 haha!

#添加键值对
zidian['x_position']=0
zidian['y_position']=25
print(zidian)
#{'mingzi': '1', 'color': 'red', 'x_position': 0, 'y_position': 25}

#先创建一个空字典
zidian1 = {}
zidian1['mingzi'] = '2'
zidian1['color']= 'red'
print(zidian1)
#{'mingzi': '2', 'color': 'red'}

#修改字典中的键值
zidian1['mingzi'] = '3'
print(zidian1['mingzi'])
#3

zidian3 = {'x_position':0, 'y_position':25, 'speed':'medium'}
print('original x-position:' + str(zidian3['x_position']))

if zidian3['speed'] == 'slow':
    x_increment = 1
elif zidian3['speed'] == 'medium':
    x_increment = 2
else :
    x_increment  =3

zidian3['x_position'] = zidian3['x_position'] + x_increment
print('New x-position:' + str(zidian3['x_position']))

# original x-position:0
# New x-position:2

#删除键值对
zidian4 = {'x_position':0, 'y_position':25, 'speed':'medium'}
del zidian4['speed']
print(zidian4)
#{'x_position': 0, 'y_position': 25}

#由类似对象组成的字典
favorite_language = {
    'a':'c',
    'b':'python',
    'c':'vb'
    }
print("a's favorite language is " + favorite_language['a'].title() +'.')
#a's favorite language is C. 

P12：

 #遍历字典中所有键——值对
user_0 = {
    'username' : 'steve',
    'first' : 'a',
    'last' : 'b',
}
for jian,zhi in user_0.items(): #items()返回键值对列表 存储至jian,zhi两个变量中
    print('\njian:' + jian)
    print('\nzhi:' + zhi)
# jian:username

# zhi:steve

# jian:first

# zhi:a

# jian:last

# zhi:b

favorite_language = {
    'a':'c',
    'b':'python',
    'c':'vb'
    }
for name,language in favorite_language.items():
    print(name.title() + "'s language is " + language + '.')
# A's language is c.
# B's language is python.
# C's language is vb.

#遍历字典中所有的键
favorite_language = {
    'a':'c',
    'b':'python',
    'c':'vb'
    }
for name in favorite_language.keys():
    print(name.title())
# A
# B
# C

#按字母顺序遍历字典中所有的键
favorite_language = {
    'a':'c',
    'b':'python',
    'c':'vb'
    }
for name in sorted(favorite_language.keys()):
    print(name.title())
# A
# B
# C

#遍历字典中的所有值
favorite_language = {
    'a':'c',
    'b':'python',
    'c':'vb'
    }
for languages in favorite_language.values():
    print(languages.title())
# C
# Python
# Vb

#set 找出列表中独一无二的元素，并使用这些元素创建一个集合
favorite_language = {
    'a':'c',
    'b':'python',
    'c':'vb',
    'd':'c'
    }
for languages in set(favorite_language.values()):
    print(languages.title())
# C
# Python
# Vb 

P13：

 #嵌套
#字典列表
alien_0 = {'color':'red','points':5}
alien_1 = {'color':'yellow','points':10}
alien_2 = {'color':'blue','points':15}

aliens = [alien_0,alien_1,alien_2]

for alien in aliens:
    print(alien)
{'color': 'red', 'points': 5}
{'color': 'yellow', 'points': 10}
{'color': 'blue', 'points': 15}

#创建一个外星人空列表
aliens = []

#创建30个外星人
for alien_number in range(30):
    new_alien = {'color':'red', 'points':5, 'speed':'low'}
    aliens.append(new_alien)

#显示前五个外星人
for alien in aliens[:5]:
    print(alien)
print('...')

#显示外星人的个数
print('the number of aliens are: ' + str(len(aliens)))

# {'color': 'red', 'points': 5, 'speed': 'low'}
# {'color': 'red', 'points': 5, 'speed': 'low'}
# {'color': 'red', 'points': 5, 'speed': 'low'}
# {'color': 'red', 'points': 5, 'speed': 'low'}
# {'color': 'red', 'points': 5, 'speed': 'low'}
# ...
# the number of aliens are: 30

#修改前三个外星人的颜色
for alien in aliens[0:3]:
    if alien['color'] == 'red':
        alien['color'] = 'green'
        alien['speed'] = 'medium'
    
for alien in aliens[:5]:
    print(alien)
print('...')
# {'color': 'green', 'points': 5, 'speed': 'medium'}
# {'color': 'green', 'points': 5, 'speed': 'medium'}
# {'color': 'green', 'points': 5, 'speed': 'medium'}
# {'color': 'red', 'points': 5, 'speed': 'low'}
# {'color': 'red', 'points': 5, 'speed': 'low'}
# ...

#在字典中存储列表
pizza ={
    'list' : 'a',
    'list1' : ['b', 'c']
}
print('Your pizza has ' + pizza['list'] + 'and the following list: ')
for list1 in pizza['list1']:
    print("\t" + list1)
# Your pizza has aand the following list: 
# 	b
# 	c

#字典中存储字典
users = {
    'a' : {
        'first' : 'aa',
        'last' : 'ab',
        'location' : 'abc'
    },
    'b' : {
        'first' : 'ba',
        'last' : 'bb',
        'location' : 'bbc'
    }
}

for user_name,user_info in users.items():
    print("\nusername: " + user_name)
    full_name = user_info['first'] + user_info['last']
    location = user_info['location']
    print("\tfull name: " + full_name.title())
    print("\tlocation: " + location.title())

# username: a
# 	full name: Aaab
# 	location: Abc

# username: b
# 	full name: Babb
# 	location: Bbc 

P14：

#input函数
message = input("say it: ")
print(message)
#say it: 

#编写清晰的程序
prompt = 'hey '
prompt += '\nhow are you?'
print(prompt)

#用int()获取输入,转换成数值型数据进行比较
age = input('how old are you?')
age = int(age)
age >= 18

#求模预算符%
number = 12
if number % 2 == 0:
    print("The number " + str(number) + " is even.")
else:
    print("The number " + str(number) + " is odd.")

#使用while循环
number = 1

while number <= 5:
    print(number)
    number += 1
# 1
# 2
# 3
# 4
# 5

#使用标志
message = "tell me sth: "
active = True
while active:
    message = input('ok?')
    
    if message == 'no':
        active = False
    else:
        print(message) 

#跳出循环
message = "tell me sth: "
active = True
while active:
    message = input('ok?')
    
    if message == 'no':
        break
    else:
        print(message)