Docker基础管理操作——关于镜像和容器的各种常规操作详解！！！

最新推荐文章于 2022-12-15 18:27:48 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-12-15 18:27:48 发布

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文章标签： docker centos 运维镜像 json

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_47452405/article/details/109594723

版权

安装依赖包

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2

为什么要这些依赖包呢？
yum-utils 是yum配置管理工具，提供yum-config-manager这条指令
device mapper存储驱动程序需要device-mapper-persistent-data和 lvm2，它是内核中支持逻辑卷管理的通用设备映射机制，它为实现用于存储资源管理的块设备驱动提供了一个高度模块化的内核架构,简单讲是为了让docker-ce能够平稳运行

设置阿里云镜像源
这里就用到了yum-config-manager工具，从官网添加镜像源

[root@localhost ~]# yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

安装Docker-ce

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum -y install docker-ce

因为我在做的时候，把光盘带的源放进backup里了，所以出现下面的报错
################################################################
报错
错误：软件包：containerd.io-1.3.7-3.1.el7.x86_64 (docker-ce-stable)
需要：container-selinux >= 2:2.74
错误：软件包：3:docker-ce-19.03.13-3.el7.x86_64 (docker-ce-stable)
需要：container-selinux >= 2:2.74
您可以尝试添加 --skip-broken 选项来解决该问题
您可以尝试执行：rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest

解决：把原来yum.repo里面 backup 里面的源拿出来，要用到线网源里更新的版本
###############################################################

关闭防火墙，核心防护

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# setenforce 0
这些都是临时关闭，关机重启就不起效了

开启docker服务

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# systemctl start docker.service 
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# systemctl enable docker.service 
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.

镜像加速

每个人在阿里云官网上都能找到自己的镜像加速器，请自行获取
操作方法如下：
登录以后，点右上角的控制台
在这里插入图片描述
这里能看到一个容器镜像服务

这边就是你个人的镜像加速器，如果是root登录就不用sudo

mkdir -p /etc/docker
tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["####加速网址######"]
}
EOF  ##写入镜像加速
systemctl daemon-reload   ##重载daemon
systemctl restart docker    ##重启docker

镜像查看，容器查看

[root@localhost docker]# docker images  ##查看镜像
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
[root@localhost docker]# docker ps -a   ##查看容器
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES

网络加速

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf 
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
[root@localhost ~]# sysctl -p
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart docker

搜索镜像

docker search 镜像名
搜索出来的镜像按热度降序排序，被下载最高的排在上面

[root@localhost ~]# docker search nginx
NAME                               DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
nginx                              Official build of Nginx.                        13981               [OK]                
jwilder/nginx-proxy                Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con…   1906                                    [OK]
richarvey/nginx-php-fpm            Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable of…   791                                     [OK]
linuxserver/nginx                  An Nginx container, brought to you by LinuxS…   128                                     
jc21/nginx-proxy-manager           Docker container for managing Nginx proxy ho…   109                                     
tiangolo/nginx-rtmp                Docker image with Nginx using the nginx-rtmp…   103                                     [OK]

下载镜像

docker pull 镜像名

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull nginx
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
bb79b6b2107f: Pull complete #####可以看到它是分层下载的
5a9f1c0027a7: Pull complete 
b5c20b2b484f: Pull complete 
166a2418f7e8: Pull complete 
1966ea362d23: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:aeade65e99e5d5e7ce162833636f692354c227ff438556e5f3ed0335b7cc2f1b
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
docker.io/library/nginx:latest
[root@localhost ~]# docker images   
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
nginx               latest              c39a868aad02        3 days ago          133MB

查看docker版本信息

[root@localhost ~]# docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community  客户端
 Version:           19.03.13
 API version:       1.40
 Go version:        go1.13.15
 Git commit:        4484c46d9d
 Built:             Wed Sep 16 17:03:45 2020
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Experimental:      false

Server: Docker Engine - Community   服务器
 Engine:
  Version:          19.03.13
  API version:      1.40 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.13.15
  Git commit:       4484c46d9d
  Built:            Wed Sep 16 17:02:21 2020
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false
 containerd:
  Version:          1.3.7
  GitCommit:        8fba4e9a7d01810a393d5d25a3621dc101981175
 runc:
  Version:          1.0.0-rc10
  GitCommit:        dc9208a3303feef5b3839f4323d9beb36df0a9dd
 docker-init:
  Version:          0.18.0
  GitCommit:        fec3683

docker下载文件信息位置

[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/lib/docker
[root@localhost docker]# ls
builder   containers  network   plugins   swarm  trust
buildkit  image       overlay2  runtimes  tmp    volumes
[root@localhost docker]# cd image/
[root@localhost image]# ls
overlay2
[root@localhost image]# cd overlay2/
[root@localhost overlay2]# ls     ##可以看到这个.json文件
distribution  imagedb  layerdb  repositories.json

获取镜像信息

docker inspect 镜像ID

[root@localhost ~]# docker images   
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
nginx               latest              c39a868aad02        3 days ago          133MB
[root@localhost overlay2]# docker inspect c39a868aad02

添加新标签

docker tag 需要添加标签的镜像标签新标签

[root@localhost overlay2]# docker tag nginx:latest nginx:new
[root@localhost overlay2]# docker images    ##可以看到标签不一样，ID是一样的
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
nginx               latest              c39a868aad02        3 days ago          133MB
nginx               new                 c39a868aad02        3 days ago          133MB
[root@localhost overlay2]# docker tag nginx:latest ng:web
[root@localhost overlay2]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
ng                  web                 c39a868aad02        3 days ago          133MB
nginx               latest              c39a868aad02        3 days ago          133MB
nginx               new                 c39a868aad02        3 days ago          133MB

镜像删除

多标签时只是把别名删掉了，镜像还在
docker rmi 标签/id

[root@localhost overlay2]# docker rmi ng:web
Untagged: ng:web
[root@localhost overlay2]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
nginx               latest              c39a868aad02        3 days ago          133MB
nginx               new                 c39a868aad02        3 days ago          133MB
[root@localhost overlay2]# docker rmi nginx:new
Untagged: nginx:new

删除只剩一个时，删除标签或id都删掉了，但是存在多个标签时，不能直接删掉id，并且必须把镜像生成的容器删了，才能删镜像

[root@localhost overlay2]# docker rmi c39a868aad02 
Untagged: nginx:latest
Untagged: nginx@sha256:aeade65e99e5d5e7ce162833636f692354c227ff438556e5f3ed0335b7cc2f1b
Deleted: sha256:c39a868aad02a383c7e490e0fc4a5b0217f667f2de764bc2755e315a5adf64a1
Deleted: sha256:1af47386c12cb24b362bd785e71058ab675fbdcbda8e7a7ba0dd10c3cff75a2a
Deleted: sha256:25ee02f9e42f8cdca7ca8bc522cb69ac4a86a55401818a13c7a01e52a81894fe
Deleted: sha256:b1d2bc3292aa3d64794f99d2885d35b454993b4af24ad350a969d27925db7ebb
Deleted: sha256:4216e20d59f9fc90bccdd14493452532806d4803a25514366de2a9c5560624d0
Deleted: sha256:d0fe97fa8b8cefdffcef1d62b65aba51a6c87b6679628a2b50fc6a7a579f764c

这样才是删除了镜像

镜像存出

存出镜像命名为nginx存在当前目录下必须下载镜像才能存
docker save -o 存储路径镜像

[root@localhost overlay2]# docker save -o /opt/nginx nginx:latest

镜像载入

docker load < 镜像文件

先把原镜像删了
[root@localhost overlay2]# docker rmi nginx:latest 
Untagged: nginx:latest
Untagged: nginx@sha256:aeade65e99e5d5e7ce162833636f692354c227ff438556e5f3ed0335b7cc2f1b
Deleted: sha256:c39a868aad02a383c7e490e0fc4a5b0217f667f2de764bc2755e315a5adf64a1
Deleted: sha256:1af47386c12cb24b362bd785e71058ab675fbdcbda8e7a7ba0dd10c3cff75a2a
Deleted: sha256:25ee02f9e42f8cdca7ca8bc522cb69ac4a86a55401818a13c7a01e52a81894fe
Deleted: sha256:b1d2bc3292aa3d64794f99d2885d35b454993b4af24ad350a969d27925db7ebb
Deleted: sha256:4216e20d59f9fc90bccdd14493452532806d4803a25514366de2a9c5560624d0
Deleted: sha256:d0fe97fa8b8cefdffcef1d62b65aba51a6c87b6679628a2b50fc6a7a579f764c
再载入
[root@localhost overlay2]# docker load < /opt/nginx 
d0fe97fa8b8c: Loading layer  72.49MB/72.49MB
2baf69a23d7a: Loading layer  64.54MB/64.54MB
2f57e21e4365: Loading layer  3.072kB/3.072kB
aee208b6ccfb: Loading layer  4.096kB/4.096kB
7b5417cae114: Loading layer  3.584kB/3.584kB
Loaded image: nginx:latest

上传镜像

改标签 
docker tag nginx:latest abner/nginx:web   //用户名/仓库名：镜像名

登陆
docker login
Username: docker
password:
Email: xxx@xxx.com
上传
docker push abner/nginx:web

容器的制作

docker create [选项] 镜像运行的程序
-i 让容器的标准输入保持打开
-t 让Docker分配一个伪终端

查看容器运行状态
docker ps [选项]
-a 列出所有的容器，包括未运行的容器

[root@localhost opt]# docker create -it nginx:latest /bin/bash
477ec91aa35d8be7cdffc372ee11c5e4b933c5f2eba1d57935d1af427503dc5a
[root@localhost opt]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
477ec91aa35d        nginx:latest        "/docker-entrypoint.…"   13 seconds ago      Created                                 great_pascal
此时状态为created，不能进入容器
启动容器
[root@localhost opt]# docker start 477ec91aa35d 
477ec91aa35d
[root@localhost opt]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
477ec91aa35d        nginx:latest        "/docker-entrypoint.…"   16 minutes ago      Up 2 seconds        80/tcp              great_pascal

容器一定要是up状态，才能进入
[root@localhost opt]# docker exec -it 477ec91aa35d /bin/bash
root@477ec91aa35d:/# ls
bin   dev		   docker-entrypoint.sh  home  lib64  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
boot  docker-entrypoint.d  etc			 lib   media  opt  root  sbin  sys  usr
root@477ec91aa35d:/# exit
exit

容器平稳运行三步骤：下载镜像、创建容器、启动容器

三合一：

[root@localhost ~]# docker run paigeeworld/centos7 /usr/bin/bash -c ls /
Unable to find image 'paigeeworld/centos7:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from paigeeworld/centos7
Image docker.io/paigeeworld/centos7:latest uses outdated schema1 manifest format. Please upgrade to a schema2 image for better future compatibility. More information at https://docs.docker.com/registry/spec/deprecated-schema-v1/
a3ed95caeb02: Pull complete 
7235103339cf: Pull complete 
c962e85f182c: Pull complete 
e945c72281a4: Pull complete 
bd558d66c6e0: Pull complete 
b6d31d07a319: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:356b32d72680f0b9e0489af16961b2c3de74e18cbd391ffcf5ab085997fedf2b
Status: Downloaded newer image for paigeeworld/centos7:latest
bin
boot
dev
etc
home
lib
lib64
lost+found
media
mnt
opt
proc
root
run
sbin
srv
sys
tmp
usr
var

[root@localhost ~]# docker images   ##可以看到镜像下载了
REPOSITORY            TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
nginx                 latest              c39a868aad02        3 days ago          133MB
paigeeworld/centos7   latest              4cbe7aa905e7        6 years ago         382MB
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a        ###可以看到执行命令后容器关闭了
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                 COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
b15ab7b44e1f        paigeeworld/centos7   "/usr/bin/bash -c ls…"   45 seconds ago      Exited (0) 44 seconds ago                       infallible_euclid
477ec91aa35d        nginx:latest          "/docker-entrypoint.…"   36 minutes ago      Exited (0) 10 minutes ago                       great_pascal

持续在后台运行

[root@localhost ~]# docker run paigeeworld/centos7 /usr/bin/bash -c "while true;do echo hello;done"
[root@localhost ~]# docker stop d26af2696bd2 
d26af2696bd2
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                 COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                       PORTS               NAMES
d26af2696bd2        paigeeworld/centos7   "/usr/bin/bash -c 'w…"   54 seconds ago      Exited (137) 3 seconds ago                       loving_lehmann
b15ab7b44e1f        paigeeworld/centos7   "/usr/bin/bash -c ls…"   21 minutes ago      Exited (0) 21 minutes ago                        infallible_euclid
477ec91aa35d        nginx:latest          "/docker-entrypoint.…"   57 minutes ago      Exited (0) 31 minutes ago                        great_pascal

执行完成结束，返回状态码0。如果未完成被强行终止，或者未执行成功，返回状态码非0

容器导出

[root@localhost ~]# docker export b15ab7b44e1f >/opt/nginx_c
[root@localhost ~]# ls /opt
containerd  nginx  nginx_c  rh

容器批量删除

批量删除容器只会删除关闭状态的容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a | awk '{print "docker rm "$1}' |bash
Error: No such container: CONTAINER     这一行是提示行，不符合所以报错
d26af2696bd2
b15ab7b44e1f
477ec91aa35d
开着的不会删掉
[root@localhost opt]# docker ps -a | awk '{print "docker rm "$1}'|bash
Error: No such container: CONTAINER
d30cfeeeeab9
Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container fd562f234cca299b2b544f53e899a85f8260cdc28ea3e6b235968adb89033f2f. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove
[root@localhost opt]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
fd562f234cca        nginx:latest        "/docker-entrypoint.…"   37 minutes ago      Up About a minute   80/tcp              cranky_agnesi

注意： rm后面有个空格然后跟$1,空格必须在“”内

容器导入（会生成镜像，而不会创建容器）

[root@localhost ~]# cat /opt/nginx_c | docker import - nginx:web
sha256:ba2ca205a1ea76c0a10826bfeb586f971c6daf6dc610fcca3be9eb2ece1825bc
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY            TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
nginx                 web                 ba2ca205a1ea        20 seconds ago      0B
nginx                 latest              c39a868aad02        3 days ago          133MB
paigeeworld/centos7   latest              4cbe7aa905e7        6 years ago         382MB

进程放在后台运行

[root@localhost opt]# docker run -itd centos:7 /bin/bash
Unable to find image 'centos:7' locally
7: Pulling from library/centos
75f829a71a1c: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:19a79828ca2e505eaee0ff38c2f3fd9901f4826737295157cc5212b7a372cd2b
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:7
19ed00c77db9b8a2b0bde9042b8200e3e9f5cbd67f1dca6b01f7b5ac0dd83bb4
[root@localhost opt]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
19ed00c77db9        centos:7            "/bin/bash"              11 seconds ago      Up 10 seconds                           quizzical_northcutt
fd562f234cca        nginx:latest        "/docker-entrypoint.…"   39 minutes ago      Up 4 minutes        80/tcp              cranky_agnesi

寻找散落的微光

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Docker基础管理操作——关于镜像和容器的各种常规操作详解！！！

文章目录一、Docker使用安装依赖包安装Docker-ce关闭防火墙，核心防护开启docker服务镜像加速镜像查看，容器查看网络加速搜索镜像下载镜像查看docker版本信息docker下载文件信息位置获取镜像信息添加新标签镜像删除镜像存出镜像载入上传镜像容器的制作容器平稳运行三步骤：下载镜像、创建容器、启动容器容器导出容器批量删除容器导入（会生成镜像，而不会创建容器）二、镜像制作基于已有的镜像容器进行创建基于本地模板创建基于Dockerfile创建一、Docker使用安装依赖包[root@local
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