C语言十六进制与字符串的快速转换

江小辉9914

已于 2024-04-11 16:44:17 修改

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于 2024-04-11 14:13:31 首次发布

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本文提供十六进制数据与字符串快速转换的方法。

说明

某些场景需要实现十六进制原始数据与十六进制字符串的相互转换，如十六进制数据 0x107920AC7F01 和十六进制字符串 “107920AC7F01”。先说常规方式。

十六进制转字符串（str4raw）：
遍历每个字节，依次取高位和低位值，判断值在0x00~0x09之间还是0x0A-0x0F之间，对应字符为该值加上’0’或’A’（小写则加’a’）。
字符串转十六进制（str2raw）：
先判断字符串长度是不是偶数，如果不是，要在开头补一个’0’，如"1EF"补为"01EF"。
两个字符一组，转换成一个字节。每个字符需要判断在’0’ ~ ‘9’之间还是’A’ ~ ‘F’（或’a’ ~ ‘f’）之间，再决定字符值减去’0’还是’A’（或’a’）。

上述方式缺点比较明显，每个字符或十六进制高低位都需要范围的判断。我们可以提前准备常量映射表，来避免这类数学运算，提高运行效率。直接上代码。

十六进制转字符串

常量映射表：

schar g_hex2ch_map[256][2] =
{
    "00", "01", "02", "03", "04", "05", "06", "07", "08", "09", "0A", "0B", "0C", "0D", "0E", "0F",
    "10", "11", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17", "18", "19", "1A", "1B", "1C", "1D", "1E", "1F",
    "20", "21", "22", "23", "24", "25", "26", "27", "28", "29", "2A", "2B", "2C", "2D", "2E", "2F",
    "30", "31", "32", "33", "34", "35", "36", "37", "38", "39", "3A", "3B", "3C", "3D", "3E", "3F",
    "40", "41", "42", "43", "44", "45", "46", "47", "48", "49", "4A", "4B", "4C", "4D", "4E", "4F",
    "50", "51", "52", "53", "54", "55", "56", "57", "58", "59", "5A", "5B", "5C", "5D", "5E", "5F",
    "60", "61", "62", "63", "64", "65", "66", "67", "68", "69", "6A", "6B", "6C", "6D", "6E", "6F",
    "70", "71", "72", "73", "74", "75", "76", "77", "78", "79", "7A", "7B", "7C", "7D", "7E", "7F",
    "80", "81", "82", "83", "84", "85", "86", "87", "88", "89", "8A", "8B", "8C", "8D", "8E", "8F",
    "90", "91", "92", "93", "94", "95", "96", "97", "98", "99", "9A", "9B", "9C", "9D", "9E", "9F",
    "A0", "A1", "A2", "A3", "A4", "A5", "A6", "A7", "A8", "A9", "AA", "AB", "AC", "AD", "AE", "AF",
    "B0", "B1", "B2", "B3", "B4", "B5", "B6", "B7", "B8", "B9", "BA", "BB", "BC", "BD", "BE", "BF",
    "C0", "C1", "C2", "C3", "C4", "C5", "C6", "C7", "C8", "C9", "CA", "CB", "CC", "CD", "CE", "CF",
    "D0", "D1", "D2", "D3", "D4", "D5", "D6", "D7", "D8", "D9", "DA", "DB", "DC", "DD", "DE", "DF",
    "E0", "E1", "E2", "E3", "E4", "E5", "E6", "E7", "E8", "E9", "EA", "EB", "EC", "ED", "EE", "EF",
    "F0", "F1", "F2", "F3", "F4", "F5", "F6", "F7", "F8", "F9", "FA", "FB", "FC", "FD", "FE", "FF"
};

实现：

/* 功能: 二进制转十六字符串(大写) */
schar* str4raw(
    IN byte*    raw,
    IN uint32   raw_len,
    OUT schar*  str
)
{
    schar*      p = str;

    while (raw_len--)
    {
        *(p++) = g_hex2ch_map[*raw][0];
        *(p++) = g_hex2ch_map[*raw][1];
        raw++;
    }
    *p = '\0';
    return str;
}

字符串转十六进制

常量映射表：

#define INVALID_HEX_VALUE       ((byte)0xFF)
byte g_ch2hex_map[256] =
{
    0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,  
    0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,  
    0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,  
    0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
    0xFF, 0x0A, 0x0B, 0x0C, 0x0D, 0x0E, 0x0F, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,  
    0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,  
    0xFF, 0x0A, 0x0B, 0x0C, 0x0D, 0x0E, 0x0F, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
    0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,  
    0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,  
    0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,  
    0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,  
    0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,  
    0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,  
    0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,  
    0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,  
    0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF 
};

实现：

/* 功能: 十六进制字符串转二进制 */
/* 返回值: 是否转换成功 */
bool str2raw(
    IN schar*   str,
    IN uint32   str_len,
    OUT byte*   raw
)
{
    bool        flag = str_len & 0x01;  /* 当前位置是否为低位字符 */
    byte        c;

    *raw = 0x00;
    while (str_len--)
    {
        c = g_ch2hex_map[(byte)*(str++)];
        RET_IF_TRUE(c == INVALID_HEX_VALUE, FALSE);

        if (flag)
        {
            *raw += c;
            raw++;
            flag = FALSE;
        }
        else
        {
            *raw = c << 4;
            flag = TRUE;
        }
    }
    return TRUE;
}