一、基于IO的java网络程序
(一)循环输出多条数据
1.使用IDEA创建服务端和客户端程序,注意是新建两个java工程,运行的时候两个都要运行:
2.服务器程序代码(IOServer.java)
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class IOServer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8000);
// (1) 接收新连接线程
new Thread(() -> {
while (true) {
try {
// (1) 阻塞方法获取新的连接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
// (2) 每一个新的连接都创建一个线程,负责读取数据
new Thread(() -> {
try {
byte[] data = new byte[1024];
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
while (true) {
int len;
// (3) 按字节流方式读取数据
while ((len = inputStream.read(data)) != -1) {
System.out.println(new String(data, 0, len));
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
}
}).start();
} catch (IOException e) {
}
}
}).start();
}
}
3.客户端程序代码(IOClient.java)
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.util.Date;
public class IOClient {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(() -> {
try {
Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 8000);
while (true) {
try {
socket.getOutputStream().write((new Date() + ": hello 死妖阿!").getBytes());
socket.getOutputStream().flush();
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (Exception e) {
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
}
}).start();
}
}
4.运行结果就是while循环里不停发送消息
(二)输出一条数据
1.创建项目步骤和上面相同
2.服务器程序代码(IOServer_2.java)
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class IOServer_2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//创建客户端的Socket对象(SevereSocket)
//ServerSocket (int port)创建绑定到指定端口的服务器套接字
ServerSocket ss=new ServerSocket(50000);
//Socket accept()侦听要连接到此套接字并接受他
Socket s=ss.accept();
//获取输入流,读数据,并把数据显示在控制台
InputStream is=s.getInputStream();
byte[] bys=new byte[1024];
int len=is.read(bys);
String data=new String(bys,0,len);
System.out.println("数据是:"+data);
//释放资源
s.close();
ss.close();
}
}
3.客户端程序代码(IOClient_2.java)
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.Socket;
public class IOClient_2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{
//创建客户端的Socket对象
Socket s=new Socket("127.0.0.1", 50000);
//获取输出流,写数据
OutputStream os=s.getOutputStream();
os.write("hello 死妖阿".getBytes());
//释放资源
s.close();
}
}
4.运行结果
IO方式中,我们看到数据读写是以字节流为单位,效率很低
二、基于NIO的java网络程序
1.创建项目步骤和上面相同
2.服务器程序代码(NIOServer.java)
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Set;
public class NIOServer {
//网络通信IO操作,TCP协议,针对面向流的监听套接字的可选择通道(一般用于服务端)
private ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel;
private Selector selector;
/*
*开启服务端
*/
public void start(Integer port) throws Exception {
serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
selector = Selector.open();
//绑定监听端口
serverSocketChannel.socket().bind(new InetSocketAddress(port));
//设置为非阻塞模式
serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
//注册到Selector上
serverSocketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
startListener();
}
private void startListener() throws Exception {
while (true) {
// 如果客户端有请求select的方法返回值将不为零
if (selector.select(1000) == 0) {
System.out.println("当前没有任务!!!");
continue;
}
// 如果有事件集合中就存在对应通道的key
Set<SelectionKey> selectionKeys = selector.selectedKeys();
Iterator<SelectionKey> iterator = selectionKeys.iterator();
// 遍历所有的key找到其中事件类型为Accept的key
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
SelectionKey key = iterator.next();
if (key.isAcceptable())
handleConnection();
if (key.isReadable())
handleMsg(key);
iterator.remove();
}
}
}
/**
* 处理建立连接
*/
private void handleConnection() throws Exception {
SocketChannel socketChannel = serverSocketChannel.accept();
socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ, ByteBuffer.allocate(1024));
}
/*
* 接收信息
*/
private void handleMsg(SelectionKey key) throws Exception {
SocketChannel channel = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
ByteBuffer attachment = (ByteBuffer) key.attachment();
channel.read(attachment);
System.out.println("当前信息: " + new String(attachment.array()));
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
NIOServer myServer = new NIOServer();
myServer.start(8887);
}
}
3.客户端程序代码(NIOClient.java)
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
public class NIOClient {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
SocketChannel socketChannel = SocketChannel.open();
socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
// 连接服务器
if (!socketChannel.connect(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8887))) {
while (!socketChannel.finishConnect()) {
System.out.println("connecting...");
}
}
//发送数据
String str = "hello 死妖阿";
ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(str.getBytes());
socketChannel.write(byteBuffer);
System.in.read();
}
}
4.运行结果
三、基于Netty的java网络程序
(一)导入包
1.创建两个项目,导入包,两个项目都要导入,FIle->Project Structure
2.Moudles→Dependencies→右边加号
3.下载netty的jar包
搜索输入io.netty:netty-all,等待一下,时间可能有几分钟,记得勾上Download to
4.搜索完成后选择第一个,如下图,点击OK
5.会出现下面的界面,直接OK,就完事了
(二)代码
1.服务器端(NettyServer.java)
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
public class NettyServer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//用于处理服务器端接受客户端连接的线程组
NioEventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
//用于进行网络通讯(读写)的线程组
NioEventLoopGroup workGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
//创建辅助工具类,用于服务器通道的一系列的配置
ServerBootstrap sb = new ServerBootstrap();
sb.group(bossGroup,workGroup)//绑定两个线程组
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)//指定NIO的网络传输模式为TCP,UDP:NioDatagramChannel
.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG,1024)//设置tcp缓冲
.option(ChannelOption.SO_SNDBUF,32*1024)//设置发送缓冲大小
.option(ChannelOption.SO_RCVBUF,32*1024)//设置接收缓冲大小
.option(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE,true)//保持连接
.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception {
socketChannel.pipeline().addLast(new ServerHandler());//这里配置具体数据接收方法的处理
}
});
ChannelFuture cf1 = sb.bind(8787).sync();//异步的绑定指定的端口
ChannelFuture cf2 = sb.bind(8686).sync();//netty可以绑定多个端口
cf1.channel().closeFuture().sync();//等待关闭,相当于Thread.sleep(Integer.MAX_VALUE)
cf2.channel().closeFuture().sync();
//关闭线程组
bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
workGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
2.ServerHandler.java
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
public class ServerHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter {
/**
* 重写读数据时处理的方法
* @param ctx
* @param msg
* @throws Exception
*/
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;
//声明字节数组,buf.readableBytes()返回的是buf缓冲中可读的字节数
byte[] req = new byte[buf.readableBytes()];
//将buf缓冲区中的字节读取到字节数组req中
buf.readBytes(req);
String body = new String(req, "utf-8");
System.out.println("Server打印接收到的信息:" + body);
String response = "Server返回给Client的响应信息:" + body;
//1.ctx.writeAndFlush()方法相当于连续调用了write()和flush()方法,因为write()方法只是将buf写到了渠道的缓冲区中,flush()方法会将缓冲区中的数据传给客户端
//2.这里Unpooled工具类的作用就是讲字节数组转成netty的ByteBuf对象
//3.这里使用了writeAndFlush()方法会自动释放buf缓冲区所以不需要想ClientHandler中那样finally中手动释放buf缓冲区了
//4.addListener()方法:当监听到服务器将数据写给客户端,并且确认客户端已经收到信息后,
// 服务器端就会主动去关闭跟客户端的连接,因为客户端调用了cf1.channel().closeFuture().sync()方法,所以客户端这里的阻塞就会打开,继续向后执行代码
ctx.writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(response.getBytes()));
// .addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE);
}
/**
* 重写读数据出现异常处理的方法
* @param ctx
* @param cause
* @throws Exception
*/
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
ctx.close();
}
}
3.客户端(NettyClient.java)
import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
public class NettyClient {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
NioEventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();//用于处理网络通信(读写)的线程组
Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap();//创建客户端辅助类工具
b.group(group)//绑定线程组
.channel(NioSocketChannel.class)//设置通信渠道为TCP协议
.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception {
socketChannel.pipeline().addLast(new ClientHandler());//这里配置具体数据接收方法的处理
}
});
/*与8787端口通讯*/
ChannelFuture cf1 = b.connect("127.0.0.1", 8787).sync();//异步建立连接
cf1.channel().write(Unpooled.copiedBuffer("hello 死妖阿".getBytes()));//将“hello world”写到buf缓冲区
cf1.channel().flush();//这里必须使用flush(),只用冲刷才能将buf缓冲区中的数据传给服务器端
/*与8686端口通讯*/
ChannelFuture cf2 = b.connect("127.0.0.1", 8686).sync();
cf2.channel().writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer("hello netty".getBytes()));
cf1.channel().closeFuture().sync();//等待关闭,相当于Thread.sleep(Integer.MAX_VALUE)
cf2.channel().closeFuture().sync();
group.shutdownGracefully();//关闭线程组
}
}
4.ClientHandler.java
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.util.ReferenceCountUtil;
public class ClientHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter {
/**
* 重写读数据时处理的方法
* @param ctx
* @param msg
* @throws Exception
*/
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
try {
ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;
//声明字节数组,buf.readableBytes()返回的是buf缓冲中可读的字节数
byte[] req = new byte[buf.readableBytes()];
buf.readBytes(req);
String body = new String(req, "utf-8");
System.out.println("Client打印接收到的信息:" + body);
}finally {
ReferenceCountUtil.release(msg);//buf缓冲区使用完了,必须释放
}
}
/**
* 重写读数据出现异常处理的方法
* @param ctx
* @param cause
* @throws Exception
*/
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
ctx.close();
}
}
5.运行结果
四、总结
本次实验学习了IO、NIO、Netty三者的原理和特点,三种编程方式性能方面,NIO优于IO。