HttpClient API

HttpClient介绍

HTTP 协议可能是现在 Internet 上使用得最多、最重要的协议了，越来越多的 Java 应用程序需要直接通过 HTTP 协议来访问网络资源。虽然在 JDK 的 java net包中已经提供了访问 HTTP 协议的基本功能，但是对于大部分应用程序来说，JDK 库本身提供的功能还不够丰富和灵活。HttpClient 是 Apache Jakarta Common 下的子项目，用来提供高效的、最新的、功能丰富的支持 HTTP 协议的客户端编程工具包，并且它支持 HTTP 协议最新的版本和建议。HttpClient 已经应用在很多的项目中，比如 Apache Jakarta 上很著名的另外两个开源项目 Cactus 和 HTMLUnit 都使用了 HttpClient。现在HttpClient最新版本为 HttpClient 4.5 .6（2015-09-11）
SpringCloud跨域中实现远程数据访问底层实现就是httpClient.
httpClient作用: 在java代码内部发起http请求.

HttpClient 入门案例

package com.jt;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

import java.io.IOException;

public class TestHttpClient {

    /**
     * 业务需求:在java代码中访问百度的页面
     * url: http://www.baidu.com    html代码片段
     * 实现步骤:
     *      1. 获取httpClient对象
     *      2. 自定义url地址
     *      3. 定义请求类型
     *      4. 发起请求 获取响应结果.
     *      5. 校验返回值状态,是否正确
     *      6. 获取返回值信息,之后完成后续业务处理.
     *      SDK......
     * */
     @Test
     void Test01(){
	HttpClient httpclient = new HttpClient();
	String url = "https://www.baidu.com";
	HttpGet get = new HttpGet(url);
	try{
		HttpResponse httpReponse = httpclient.execute(get);
		//获取返回值状态  200 为正常
		int status = httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
		if(status == 200){
		HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity();//获取响应对象的实体信息
		//将实体对象转化为用户能够识别的字符串  
		String result = EntityUtils.toString(entity,"UTF-8");
		System.out.println(result);
		}else{
		System.out.println("httpClient 调用异常");
		}
		}catch(Exception e){
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}
====================================================
	@Test
	public void test01() throws ClientProtocolException, IOException{
		
		CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();   //创建HTTPClient的实例
		String url = "https://item.jd.com/5236335.html?dist=jd";		//定义访问IP
		HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url); 	//设定请求  
		CloseableHttpResponse response =  httpClient.execute(httpPost);	 //获取response对象
		String html = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());  //获取页面信息
		System.out.println(html);
	}
	
	@Test
	public void testGet() throws ClientProtocolException, IOException{
		//定义httpClient实例
		CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
		String uri = "https://item.jd.com/5236335.html?dist=jd";
		HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(uri);

		//获取请求的全部参数   GET https://item.jd.com/5236335.html?dist=jd HTTP/1.1
		RequestLine requestLine = httpGet.getRequestLine();
		
		//获取请求方式     GET/POST
		requestLine.getMethod();
		
		//获取浏览器  http协议     HTTP/1.1
		requestLine.getProtocolVersion();
		
		//请求 uri：https://item.jd.com/5236335.html?dist=jd
		requestLine.getUri();

		
		//获取HTTP响应
		CloseableHttpResponse httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
		
		if(httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200){
			System.out.println("获取请成功");
			//获取HTML
			String  html = EntityUtils.toString(httpResponse.getEntity());
			System.out.println(html);
		}
	}

httpClient 高级案例

业务说明

用户通过 http://www.jt.com/user/httpClient/saveUser/{username}/{password} 访问服务器.要求利用httpClient技术将用户信息保存到jt-sso中.
发送url请求路径: http://sso.jt.com/user/httpClient/saveUser?username=xxxx&password=xxxx
实现数据传递.
在jt-sso中完成数据入库操作.

编辑jt-web Controller

package com.jt.controller;

import com.jt.pojo.User;
import com.jt.service.HttpClientService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController     //学习httpCLient调用规范
public class HttpClientController {
@Autuwired
private HttpClientService httpClientService;
 /**
     * 用户测试路径:
     * http://www.jt.com/user/httpClient/saveUser/admin123456/123456789
     * 将数据传递给sso.jt.com
     * return "用户请求成功"
     */
@RequestMapping("/user/httpClient/saveUser/{username}/{password}")
public String saveUser(User user){ //参数接受与对象的属性必须保持一致，可以自动赋值 springmvc

  httpClientService.saveUser(user);
        return "httpClient测试成功!!!";
}

}

编辑jt-web Service

package com.jt.service;

import com.jt.pojo.User;
import com.jt.unit.ObjectMapperUtil;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.io.IOException;

@Service
public class HttpClientServiceImpl implements HttpClientService{
//位置jt-web 不能直接链接数据库 需要将数据传递给sso.jt.com
@Override
public void saveUser(User user){
	//String userJSON = ObjectMapperUtil.toJSON(user);
    String url = "http://sso.jt.com/user/httpClient/saveUser?username="
                        +user.getUsername()+"&password="+user.getPassword();
    //get
    HttpClient httpClient = HttpClient.createDefault();
    HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
    try{
		HttpResponse httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
		if(httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() != 200){
			throw new RuntimeException("请求错误");
		}
	}catch(IOException e){
		e.printStackTrace();
		Throw new RuntimeException("请求错误");
	}
	}
}

编辑jt-sso Controller

 /**
     * 完成httpClient测试
     * url:http://sso.jt.com/user/httpClient/saveUser?username=111&password="2222"
     */
    @RequestMapping("/httpClient/saveUser")
    public SysResult saveUser(User user){

        userService.saveHttpCleint(user);
        return SysResult.success();
    }

编辑 jt-sso Service

@Override
    public void saveHttpCleint(User userPOJO) {
        userPOJO.setEmail("111222333@qq.com") //数据库中要求email和phone是非空的 暂时写死
                .setPhone("1311112222");
        userMapper.insert(userPOJO);
    }

pojo 对象

package com.jt.pojo;

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.IdType;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableId;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableName;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.experimental.Accessors;

@TableName("tb_user")
@Data
@Accessors(chain = true)
public class User extends BasePojo{
    @TableId(type = IdType.AUTO)
    private Long id;
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private String phone;
    private String email;
}