摘要:
使用Vue+Axios+SpringBoot+Mybatis+Mysql实现的前后端交互实现。实现前端向后端请求数据。
具体流程为:前端发送请求request,后端Controller层接收请求,调用Service服务进行逻辑处理,Service调用Mapper进行数据库查询并返回,最后后端向前端返回数据,前端将数据展示在页面上。
一、创建数据库、表、插入数据
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS vue_springboot;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS t_user (
id INT PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(255)
);
INSERT INTO t_user (id, name)
VALUES (1,'张三');
二、创建后端项目
使用Spring Boot + Mybatis + Druid
1.引入依赖
修改pom.xml
<dependencies>
<!--spring-boot通用依赖模块-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
<version>2.7.5</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 德鲁伊数据库连接池-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.2.16</version>
</dependency>
<!--mysql连接驱动-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.0.26</version>
</dependency>
<!--Lombok-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.18.24</version>
</dependency>
<!--Mybatis依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>2.2.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
2.修改Spring Boot配置
server:
port: 8080
spring:
datasource:
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/vue_springboot?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai
username: root
password: abc123.
driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
3.创建User的pojo类
@Data
public class User {
private Long id;
private String name;
}
4.创建Controller、Service、Mapper
UserController
@Slf4j
@RestController
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
@GetMapping("/user")
public User getUser(Long id) {
User user = userService.getUser(id);
return user;
}
}
UserService
public interface UserService {
User getUser(Long id);
}
UserServiceImpl
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
@Autowired
private UserMapper userMapper;
@Override
public User getUser(Long id) {
User user = userMapper.getUserById(id);
return user;
}
}
Mapper
@Mapper
public interface UserMapper {
@Select("select * from t_user where id = #{id}")
User getUserById(Long id);
}
5.跨域资源共享配置springboot的配置类
@Configuration
public class CorsConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
@Override
public void addCorsMappings(CorsRegistry registry) {
registry.addMapping("/**")
.allowedOrigins("http://localhost:5173")
.allowedMethods("GET", "POST", "PUT", "DELETE")
.allowedHeaders("*");
}
}
不设置这一步的话为前端控制台会报错:Access to XMLHttpRequest at ‘http://localhost:8080/user?id=1’ from origin ‘http://localhost:5173’ has been blocked by CORS policy: No ‘Access-Control-Allow-Origin’ header is present on the requested resource.
这是因为在所请求的资源上没有设置’Access-Control-Allow-Origin’响应头,导致浏览器阻止了跨域请求。
CORS是一种浏览器安全机制,用于限制跨域请求。默认情况下,浏览器只允许从相同源(协议、域名和端口相同)发起的请求。当请求涉及不同源时,浏览器会发送预检请求(OPTIONS请求)以确定服务器是否允许跨域访问。服务器需要在响应中包含适当的CORS头信息,如’Access-Control-Allow-Origin’,以允许来自其他源的请求。
完成之后,启动后端工程:http://localhost:8080
三、创建前端项目
Vue + Axios
初始一个Vue项目,运行命令npm create vite@latest 输入项目名,选择Vue项目,其他默认就好。
安装axios :npm install axios
编写App.vue
<template>
<div>
<p>{{responseData}}</p>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import axios from 'axios';
export default {
data() {
return {
responseData: null
};
},
mounted() {
axios.get('http://localhost:8080/user?id=1')
.then(response => {
// 响应成功时的处理
this.responseData = response.data;
console.log(response)
})
.catch(error => {
// 响应错误时的处理
console.error(error);
});
}
};
</script>
<style scoped>
</style>
运行命令npm run dev启动前端项目
打开页面显示{ “id”: 1, “name”: “张三” }
这就实现了一个简单的前后端交互项目