error:addition of default argument on redeclaration makes this constructor a default constructor

出现这种情况表明：在类的构造函数中添加了默认参数；
但是如果想要给 构造函数添加默认参数，需要在类的公有接口中函数声明时添加默认参数。要在函数声明时给定默认参数。

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using std::cout;
using std::cin;
using std::endl;
using std::string;
using std::strlen;
using std::strcpy;
class baseMDA
{
private:
    char *label;
    int rateing;
public:
    baseMDA(const char *l = "NULL", int r = 0); //构造
    baseMDA(const baseMDA &); // 复制
    baseMDA operator=(const baseMDA &); // 重载
    friend std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream &os, const baseMDA & bM);
    virtual ~baseMDA();
};

baseMDA::baseMDA(const char *l, int r)
{
    int len = sizeof(l)/sizeof(l[0]);
    label = new char[len + 1]; // 嵌入strlen()函数节省空间
    std::strncpy(label, l, len+1);
    rateing = r;
}
baseMDA::baseMDA(const baseMDA & bM){
    // 深度复制
    label = new char[strlen(bM.label)+ 1];
    strcpy(label, bM.label);
    rateing = bM.rateing;
}
baseMDA baseMDA::operator=(const baseMDA &bM){
    if (this == &bM)
        return *this;
    delete[] label;
    label = new char[strlen(bM.label) + 1];
    strcpy(label, bM.label);
    rateing = bM.rateing;
        return *this;
    
}
std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream &os, const baseMDA & bM){
    os<<"Label:"<<bM.label<<endl<<"Rateing:"<<bM.rateing<<endl;
    return os;
}
baseMDA::~baseMDA()
{
    delete[] label;
}
// lacksMDA
class lacksmda : public baseMDA
{
private:
    enum{COL_LEN = 40};
    char color[COL_LEN];
public:
    lacksmda(const char *c = "NULL", const char* l = "NULL", int r = 0);
    lacksmda(const char *c, baseMDA &bM);
    friend std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream &os, lacksmda & lm);
    ~lacksmda();
};

lacksmda::lacksmda(const char *c, const char* l, int r) : baseMDA(l, r)
{
    strncpy(color, c, COL_LEN);
}
lacksmda::lacksmda(const char *c, baseMDA &bM) : baseMDA(bM){
    strncpy(color, c, COL_LEN);
}
std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream &os, lacksmda & lm){
    os<< (baseMDA &) lm;
    os<<"color:"<<lm.color<<endl;
    return os;
}
lacksmda::~lacksmda()
{
}

class hasmda : public baseMDA
{
private:
    char * style;
public:
    hasmda(const char *st = "NULL", const char * la = "NULL", int r = 0);
    hasmda(const char *st, baseMDA &);
    hasmda(const hasmda &);
    hasmda & operator=(const hasmda &);
    friend std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & os, const hasmda &hM);
    ~hasmda();
};

hasmda::hasmda(const char *st, const char * la, int r) : baseMDA(la, r)
{
    style = new char[strlen(st) + 1];
    strcpy(style, st);
}
hasmda::hasmda(const char *st, baseMDA &bM) : baseMDA(bM){
    style = new char[strlen(st) + 1];
    strcpy(style, st);
}
hasmda::hasmda(const hasmda & hM) : baseMDA(hM){
    style = new char[strlen(hM.style) + 1];
    strcpy(style, hM.style);
}
hasmda & hasmda::operator=(const hasmda &hM){
    if (this == &hM)
    {
        return *this;
    }
    baseMDA::operator=(hM); // 等号的左操作数调用基类的赋值运算符
    delete[] style;
    style = new char[strlen(hM.style) + 1];
    strcpy(style, hM.style);
    return *this;
}
std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & os, const hasmda &hM){
    os<<(baseMDA &)hM;
    os<<"style:"<< hM.style<<endl;
    return os;
}
hasmda::~hasmda()
{
    delete[] style;
}

int main(void)
{
    baseMDA mda("name", 4);
    lacksmda mda1("style1", mda);
    cout<<mda<<endl<<mda1<<endl;
    return 0;
}