六级翻译
1、主干的使用
主干的查找
练习 1 : 联合国的“千年 (millennium) 发展目标” 在中国均已达到或即 将达到。 ( 2014 , 1 2 )
简单句 。
译文 1: The Millennium Goal of the U.N. has been fully achieved or will be achieved throughout China
译文 2 : The Millennium Goal of the U.N. has been fully or partially achieved throughout China.
练习 2: 政府已设定目标减少污染, 提高能源效率, 改善得到 教育和医保的机会, 并扩大社会保障。 词汇提示: 设定: set 医保: medical insurance 效率: efficiency 社会保障: social security
译文 : The government has set goals to reduce pollution, enhance energy efficiency, improve educational opportunities and medical insurance and expand social security
练习 3: 反应在艺术和文学中的乡村生活理想是中国文明的重要特征。 ( 2014 , 12 ) 词汇提示: 文学: literature 文明: civilization 理想的: ideal 特征: characteristic ; feature ; trait
译文: The ideal rural lifestyle reflected/ shown in the art and literature is a great characteristic in/of Chinese civilization
练习 4: 中国政府一直提倡 “ 以人为本 ” 的发展理念。 ( 2015 , 6 ) 词汇提示: 提倡: advocate ; call for 以 … 为本 / 以 … 为导向: sth-oriented
译文: The Chinese government has always advocated the idea of “people-oriented”.
练习 5: 然而在美国, 父母可能会尊重孩子的意见, 并在决策时更 注重他们的意见。 ( 2015 , 12 )
译文: However, in America, the parents may respect their children’s opinions and pay more attention to their ideas when making decisions
练习 6: 龙舟赛与洞庭湖及周边的美景, 每年都吸引着成千上万来自全国和世界各地的游客。 ( 2017 , 12 ) 词汇提示: 龙舟赛: Dragon Boat Racing 。 XX 湖: (汉语拼音) Lake 西湖: West Lake
译文: Dragon Boat Racing and Dongting Lake with the gorgeous scenery around it attract thousands of tourists from home and abroad each year.
二: 主干中的时态
练习 1: 在未来 20 年里, 预计约有 3.5 亿农村人口将移居到城市。 ( 2015 , 6 ) 词汇提示: 预计 = 据估计 = 根据 … 的预测 : it is estimated that… 农村的: rural 城市的: urban 郊区的: suburban 人口: population 流行: popularity
译文: In the next 20 years, about 350,000,000 / 350 million of the rural population will move to the city
练习 2: 过去, 中国人的时间主要花在谋生上, 很少有机会 外出旅游。 ( 2016 , 12 ) 词汇提示: 花时间做某事: spend time ( in ) doing sth / on sth 时间花在某个方面: time/ life is spent on sth
复合句 - 结果状语从句译文: In the past, much of Chinese people’s life was spent in making a living, so we had few chances to go out for a vacation.
练习 3 : 据世界贸易组织估计, 2020 年中国将成为世界上最 大的旅游国, 在未来几年里将成为出境旅游支出增长最快的 国家。 ( 2016 , 12 ) 词汇提示: 据 … 估计: it is estimated by the WTO that… 出境旅游: traveling/tour abroad ; outbound tourism 支出 / 预算: expenditure
练习 4: 2015 年, 近四十万学生蜂拥来到中国学习。 ( 2016 , 12 ) 词汇提示: 蜂拥来到: swarm into; rush into; flock into
译文: In 2015, nearly 40,0000 international students swarmed into China to make study.
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2、修饰语
六级翻译中常见修饰语:
- 形容词修饰名词 / 副词修饰动词
- 介词短语修饰名词 / 介词短语修饰动词
- 非谓语作定语 / 状语
- 各类从句
练习 1 : 在改革开放之前, 深圳不过是一个渔村, 仅 有三万多人。 ( 2016.06 ) 词汇提示: 渔村: fishing village
【翻译】 Before the reform and opening-up policy, Shenzhen was just a fishing village, with only 30,000 residents
练习 2 : 20 世纪 80 年代, 中国政府创建了深圳经济特区, 作为实施 社会主义市场经济的试验田。 ( 2016.06 ) 词汇提示: A 创建 B 作为 C: A constructed B as C 深圳经济特区: Shenzhen Special Economic Zone 试验田: the experimental field 社会主义市场经济: the socialistic market economy; 或者 the socialistic market-oriented economy
【 翻 译 】 In 1980s, the Chinese government constructed Shenzhen Special Economic Zone as the experimental field of the Socialistic Market Economy
练习 3 : 由于其独特的地位, 深圳也是国内外企业家创业的理 想之地。 ( 2016.06 ) 词汇提示: 独特的: unique 企业家: entrepreneur 国内外的: from home and abroad
【翻译】 Owing to its unique place in China, Shenzhen is a paradise for the entrepreneurs from home and abroad to start their own business
练习 4 : 在寻求具有自身特色的发展道路时, 这些国家可以借 鉴中国的经验。 ( 2015.12 ) 词汇提示: 有自身特色的: with their own characters
【翻译】 When searching for the path of development with their own characters, these countries can learn a lot from China’s experience
练习 5 : 反应在艺术和文学中的乡村生活理想是中国文明的重要 特征。 这大程度上归功于道家对自然的感情。 ( 2014.12 ) 词汇提示: 道家: Taoism 儒家: Confucianism 墨家: Mohism 归功于 …: be attributed to sth
The ideal rural lifestyle reflected in the art and literature is a great characteristic in Chinese civilization, which is largely attributed to the Taoism affection to nature
练习 6 : 宴席通常至少有一道汤, 可以最先上或最后上桌。 ( 2015.6 ) 词汇提示: 宴席 : banquet 汤 : soup 上 : serve
【翻译】 There is ( usually ) at least a soup, (which can be ) served at the beginning or the end of the dinner.
练习 7 : 中国在减少贫困方面取得了显著进步, 并在促进经济 增长方面作出了不懈努力, 这将鼓励其他贫困国家应对自身发 展中的挑战。 ( 2015.12 )词汇提示: 取得进步: make progress 作出努力: make great efforts
【翻译】 China has made remarkable progress in the elimination of poverty , and it has made great efforts in promoting economic growth, which will encourage other poor countries to deal with challenges in their own development
练习 8 : 中国政府一直提倡 “ 以人为本 ” 的发展理念。 强调人 们以公交而不是私家车出行。 ( 2015.06 )
【 翻 译 】 The Chinese government has always advocated the idea of “people-oriented” , which stressed that people take the bus instead of the private cars.
3、多动句
常见多动句处理方法:
- 断句
- 并列句
- 介词短语
- 非谓语
- 从句
练习 1 : 一是家庭生活的各种幸福场景, 画中往往有老人在 下棋饮茶, 男人在耕耘收割, 妇女在织布缝衣, 小孩在户 外玩耍。 ( 2014.12 ) 词汇提示: 下棋: play chess 耕耘收割 : farm and harvest 织布缝衣 : weave or sew clothes
【用从句连接动词】 One kind depicts various happy scenes of family life in which/ where the elderly play chess and drink tea, young men farm and harvest in the field, women weave or sew clothes and kids play in the outside.
【用简单句处理动词】 One kind depicts various happy scenes of family life. In the picture the elderly play chess and drink tea, young men farm and harvest in the field, women weave or sew clothes and kids play in the outside
练习 2 : 如果这一目标得以实现, 今后大部分进入劳动力市 场的人都需获得大学文凭。 ( 2014.12 ) 词汇提示: 劳动力市场: labor market 大学文凭 : college diploma
【从句 / 非谓语连接动词】 If the target/goal has been achieved, people who enter / entering the labor market will need to have college diploma
练习 3 : 在寻求具有自身特色的发展道路时, 这些国家可以借鉴中国的经验。 ( 2015.12 ) 词汇提示: 寻求: search for
【 非谓语连接动词 】 When searching for the path of development with their own characters, these countries can learn a lot from China’s experience.
【从句连接动词】 When these countries search for the path of development with their own characters, they can learn a lot from China’s experience.
练习 4 : 在中国, 父母总是竭力帮助孩子, 甚至为孩子做重要 决定, 而不管孩子想要什么, 因为他们相信这样做是为孩子 好。 ( 2015.12 )
【并列句 / 介词短语 / 从句连接动词】 In China, the parents try best to help their children and even make important decisions for them regardless of the children’s actual needs, because they believe (that) it is good to their children
4、无主句
常见无主句处理方式
- 添加主语
- 主宾颠倒(被动)
- There be 结构
- it 作形式主语
练习 1 : 除了关注高等教育外, 还将寻找新的突破以确保教 育制度更加公平。 ( 2014.12 ) 词汇提示: 高等教育: higher education
【 增加主语 】 In addition to attaching importance to higher education, China will also make new breakthroughs to guarantee a fairer education system.
练习 2 : 过去, 拥有一辆私家车对大部分中国人而言是件奢侈 的事。 ( 2018.06 ) 词汇提示: 私家车: private car 奢侈的: luxury
【非谓语作主语】 In the past, owning a private car was a luxury thing for most Chinese people.
【 it 作形式主语】 In the past, it was a luxury thing for most Chinese people to own a private car.
练习 3 : 近年来, 也出现了许多数字图书馆, 从而节省了存 放图书所需的空间。 ( 2018.06 ) 词汇提示: 数字的: digital
【主宾颠倒】 In recent years, many digital libraries have appeared, which could save the space of storing books
练习 4 : 想想春节期间全家团圆的温馨、愉快以及很多节日 中民族情感的慰藉。 词汇提示: 民族情感的慰藉: comfort of national feelings
【译文】 Think about the warmth and sweetness of family reunion during the Spring Festival and the comfort of national feelings on many festival occasions
练习 5 : 大约在公元前 16 世纪, 中国就出现了早期的瓷器。 词汇提示: 公元前: B.C. 公元: A.D. 瓷器: porcelain
【主宾颠倒】 At about the 16th century B.C., early porcelain appeared in China
练习 6 : 中国历史上产生了许多杰出的哲学家、 思想家、 政治家、 军事家、 科学家和文学艺术家, 留下了浩如烟海的文化典籍。 词汇提示: 哲学家: philosopher 思想家: thinker 政治家: politician ; statesman 军事家: strategist ; militarist 文化典籍: literature ; classical books/collections
【添加主语】 In its history China has produced many outstanding philosophers, thinkers, statesmen, strategists, scientists, writers and artists. They left us numerous volumes of literature.
练习 7 : 自古以来 , 各种典礼和祭祀都要用酒 。 词汇提示 : 典礼 : ceremony 祭祀 : sacrifice 酒 : liquor ; wine ; alcohol
【 被动】 Liquor has been used in ceremonies and sacrifices since ancient times
西方人也开始了解中华传统节日文化元素的迷人之处, 并将 其融合到西方的传统节日中去。 词汇提示: 融合: fuse into
【并列句】 Westerners also begin to understand the charm of traditional Chinese festivals’ cultural element and fuse them into traditional Western festivals
如今, 圣诞节里, “ 福 ” 字也开始有了一席之地, 圣诞节显 然过出了浓浓的中国味儿。 词汇提示: 福: fu 中国味儿: the flavor of Chinese
【 被动语态】 Nowadays, Chinese characters “ fu ” , also appear in Christmas. Obviously, the flavor of Chinese has been added to the Christmas
想想春节期间全家团圆的温馨、愉快以及很多节日中民 族情感的慰藉。
【无主语句】 Think about the warmth and sweetness of family reunion during the Spring Festival and the comfort of national feelings on many festival occasions