UDP编程

网络编程API扩展及UDP

网络发送数据：send()/write()

#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>

ssize_t send(int sockfd, const void *buf, size_t len, int flags);

#include<unistd.h>
ssize_t write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count);

send()比write()多一个参数flags：
flags：
一般填写0，此时和write()作用一样
MSG_DONTWAIT : Enables nonblocking operation ;非阻塞版本
MSG_OOB: 用于发送TCP类型的带外数据（out-of-band）

网络中接收数据：recv()/read()

#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
ssize_t recv(int sockfd, void *buf, size_t len, int flags);

#include<unistd.h>
ssize_t read(int fd, void *buf,size_t count);

recv()比read()多一个参数flags：
flags：
一般填写0，此时和read()作用一样
特殊的标志：
MSG_DONTWAIT : Enables nonblocking operation ;非阻塞版本
MSG_OOB: 用于发送TCP类型的带外数据（out-of-band）
MSG_PEEK: 此标志导致接收操作返回数据接收队列的开头，但不删除该队列中的数据。因此，随后的接收调用，将返回相同的数据。

UDP编程的API

//server.c
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>

ssize_t send(int sockfd, const void *buf, size_t len, int flags);
ssize_t sendto(int sockfd, const void *buf, size_t len, int flags, const struct sockaddr *dest_addr, socklen_t addrlen);

#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
ssize_t recv(int sockfd, void *buf, size_t len, int flags);
ssize_t recvfrom(int sockfd, const void *buf, size_t len, int flags, struct sockaddr *src_addr, socklen_t *addrlen);

多了struct sockaddr结构体，需要填充。addrlen为地址长度。

UDP通讯示例

#include "net.h"

int main(void)
{

	int fd = -1;
 	struct sockaddr_in sin;
        
	/* 1. 创建socket fd */
        if ((fd = socket (AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0) { //udp程序
                perror ("socket");
                exit (1);
        }

	/* 2. 允许绑定地址快速重用 */
        int b_reuse = 1;
        setsockopt (fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &b_reuse, sizeof (int));

	        /*2. 绑定 */
        /*2.1 填充struct sockaddr_in结构体变量 */
        bzero (&sin, sizeof (sin));
        sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
        sin.sin_port = htons (SERV_PORT);       //网络字节序的端口号

        /* 让服务器程序能绑定在任意的IP上 */
#if 1
        sin.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl (INADDR_ANY);
#else
        if (inet_pton (AF_INET, SERV_IP_ADDR, (void *) &sin.sin_addr) != 1) {
                perror ("inet_pton");
                exit (1);
        }
#endif
        /*2.2 绑定 */
        if (bind (fd, (struct sockaddr *) &sin, sizeof (sin)) < 0) {
                perror ("bind");
                exit (1);
        }
	
	char buf[BUFSIZ];
	struct sockaddr_in cin;
	socklen_t addrlen = sizeof(cin);
	printf("\nUDP server started!\n");
	while(1) {
		bzero(buf, BUFSIZ);
		if( recvfrom(fd, buf, BUFSIZ-1, 0,(struct sockaddr *)&cin, &addrlen ) < 0) {
			perror("recvfrom");
			continue;
		}
		
		 char ipv4_addr[16];
                if (!inet_ntop (AF_INET, (void *) &cin.sin_addr, ipv4_addr, sizeof (cin))) {
                                perror ("inet_ntop");
                                exit (1);
 	        }

		printf("Recived from(%s:%d), data:%s",ipv4_addr, ntohs(cin.sin_port), buf);
		
		if (!strncasecmp (buf, QUIT_STR, strlen (QUIT_STR))) {  //用户输入了quit字符
                       printf ("Client(%s:%d) is exiting!\n", ipv4_addr, ntohs(cin.sin_port));
                }

	}

	close(fd);

	return 0;
}

//client.c
/*udp demo */
/* usage:
 * ./client serv_ip serv_port 
*/
#include "net.h"
void usage(char *s)
{
	printf("\nThis is udp demo!\n");
	printf("\nUsage:\n\t %s serv_ip serv_port",s);
	printf("\n\t serv_ip: udp server ip address");
	printf("\n\t serv_port: udp server port(serv_port > 5000)\n\n");
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	int fd = -1;
	int port = SERV_PORT;
	
	port = atoi(argv[2]);
	if(port < 0 || (port >0 && port <= 5000)) {
		usage(argv[0]);
		exit(1);
	}
        struct sockaddr_in sin;
	if(argc !=3) {
		usage(argv[0]);
		exit(1);
	}        

	/* 1. 创建socket fd*/
        if( (fd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0) { //UDP编程
                perror("socket");
                exit(1);
        }

	/*2.1 填充struct sockaddr_in结构体变量 */
        bzero(&sin,sizeof(sin));

        sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
        sin.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT); //网络字节序的端口号
#if 0
        sin.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]);
#else
        if( inet_pton(AF_INET, argv[1], (void *)&sin.sin_addr) != 1) {
                perror("inet_pton");
                exit(1);
        }
#endif	
	printf("UDP client started!\n");
	char buf[BUFSIZ];
	while(1) {
		fprintf(stderr,"pls input string:");
		bzero(buf, BUFSIZ);
		if( fgets(buf, BUFSIZ-1, stdin) ==NULL) {
			perror("fgets");
			continue;
		}
		
		sendto(fd, buf, strlen(buf), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&sin, sizeof(sin)); 
		
		if( !strncasecmp(buf, QUIT_STR, strlen(QUIT_STR))) {  //用户输入了quit字符
                        printf("Client is exited!\n");
                        break;
                }
	
	}
	close(fd);
	return 0;
}

//net.h
#ifndef __MAKEU_NET_H__
#define __MAKEU_NET_H__

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <sys/types.h>                  /* See NOTES */
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/ip.h>                 /* superset of previous */

#define SERV_PORT 5001
#define SERV_IP_ADDR "192.168.231.133"

#define QUIT_STR "quit"

#endif