文章目录
专题1：考研常用前后缀
1. 前缀
1.1 表示否定意义的前缀
1.1.1 纯否定前缀
dis-
- disgrace
- dishonorable
- disclose
- dispel
- dispassionate
- dismay
- disinclined
in-, ig-, il-, im-(在以m, b, p开头的词前), ir-
- insensitive
- injustice
- inconstant
- ignoble
- ignore
- imbalance
- impartial
- illiterate
- illogical
- irregular
- irresponsible
- irrational
non-
- nonsense
- non-resident
- non-profit
- non-stop
- nonverbal
- nonproductive
un-
- unfortunate
- unequal
- uncivilized
- unambitious
- unapproachable
- unashamed
- unauthorized
- unbiased
- uncertainty
1.1.2 表示错误的意义
mal-
- malfunction
- maladjustment
- malpractice
- maltreat
- malnutrition
- maladministration
mis-
- mislead
- misconduct
- mistreat
- misunderstand
- misbehave
1.1.3 表示相反,相互对立意思
a-
- apolitical
- asocial
ab-
- abnormal
- absence
- abdicate
- abuse
- abstain
anti-
- antiwar
- antibody
contra-
- contranatural
- contradict
- contrary
- controversy
counter-
- counteract
- counterbalance
- counter-culture
- countermeasure
de-
- desalt
- dehydrate
- deface
- departure
with-
- withstand
- withhold
- withdraw
pseudo-
-
pseudonym
-
pseudoscience
-
pseudology
1.2 表示数量关系的前缀
1.2.1 表示“单一,一”
mon-, mono-
- monotone
- monopoly
- monarch
uni-
- uniform
- unique
- unicellular
- unicorn
- universal
- union
- unite
1.2.2 bi- 表示“二,两,双”
- bicycle
- bilingual
- biannual
- bimonthly
1.2.3 tri- 表示“三”之义
- triple
- tricycle
- triangular
- trivial
1.2.4 centi- 表示“百,百分之一”
- centimeter
- century
1.2.5 表示“千,千分之一”
kilo-
- kilogram
- kilometer
milli-
- millimeter (mm.)
- millennial
- milligram
1.2.6 表示“许多,很多”
multi-
- multiple
- multinational
- multimedia
- multipurpose
- multilingual
- multitude
poly-
- polysyllable
- polycentric
1.2.7 表示“微小的,规模小的”
micro-
- Microsoft
- microcomputer
- microelectronics
- microscope
mini-
- miniature
1.2.8 macro- 表示“大的,宏观的”
- macroeconomics
- macrostructure
1.2.9 semi- 表示“半,一半”
- semicircle
- semifinal
- semiconductor
- semitransparent
1.3 表示比较程度差别关系的前缀
1.3.1 by-(bye-) 表示“副,次要的”
- byproduct
- byway
- bystander
1.3.2 extra- 表示“超越,额外”
- extraordinary
- extracurricular
- extravagant
1.3.3 hyper- 表示“超过,极度”
- hyperactive
- hypersensitive
- hypertension
1.3.4 out- 表示“超越,超过;向外的”
- outdoor
- outlook
- outlive
- outgrow
- outnumber
- outflow
- outweigh
1.3.5 over- 表示“过于,太;上面的;额外的”
- overlook
- overconfident
- overhead
- overtime
- overvalue
- overdue
- oversee
1.3.6 sub- 表示“次于;在下面;分支”
- subeditor
- subordinate
- subdivide
- subsection
- subconscious
1.3.7 super- 表示“超过”:
- supermarket
- superb
- superior
- supreme
1.3.8 under- 表示“不足;在下面”
- underdevelop
- undersea
- underestimate
1.3.9 vice- 表示“副,次”
- vice-president
- vice-chairman
- vice-principal
1.3.10 infra- 表示“低于(或超出)某限度的”
- infrastructure
1.3.11 ultra- 表示“极端,超过某限度”
- ultrasound
1.4 co-,com-,con-,col-,cor- 表示共同,相等意思的前缀
- coexist
- coordinate
- compassion
- combat
- compatriot
- confederation
- collaborate
- correlate
- correspond
- corporate
1.5 表示时间,空间,方向,序列关系的前缀
1.5.1 em-,en- 表示“置于… ;使处于…状态”
- embody
- empower
- embed
- embrace
- endanger
- enlarge
- encounter
- entitle
1.5.2 ex- 表示“前任;向外”
- ex-minister
- ex-wife
- exclude
- exempt
- expire
1.5.3 fore- 表示“在前,前部”
- foreword
- forearm
- foretell
- forewarn
- forehead
- foresight
- foresee
1.5.4 cross- 表示“横过;穿越”
- crossroads
- cross-cultural
- crossbreed
1.5.5 inter- 表示“在…之间,相互”
- interchange
- interact
- interrupt
- interview
1.5.6 intra- 表示“在内”
- intracity
- intranet
1.5.7 mid- 表示“居中,在中间”
-
midday
-
midnight
-
mid-1980s
1.5.8 post- 表示“在…之后”
- postgraduate
- postwar
- postpone
- postscript
1.5.9 pre- 表示“在…之前”
- prepay
- predominant
- preface
- prescribe
1.5.10 pro- 表示“居前,预先”
- profile
- prolong
- propel
1.5.11 re- 表示“又,再;回到”
- reunite
- recommend
- recur
1.5.12 trans- 表示“横过,贯穿”
- transatlantic
- transcend
1.6 考研大纲要求掌握的其它重要前缀
1.6.1 ac-,ad-,af-,ag-,an-,ap-,ar-,as-,at-等,表示“一再”,表强调加强意义
加在同辅音字母的词根前
- accuse
- afford
- affiliate
- appall
- appeal
- arrest
- attest
1.6.2 aero- 表示“空气的;空中的,飞行器的”
- aeroplane
- aerospace
1.6.3 auto- 表示“自己(的)”
- auto-criticism
- autonomy
- automatic
1.6.4 be- 表示“使…成为(构成动词)”:
- befriend
- belittle
- befall
- beware
- bewilder
1.6.5 bio- 表示“生命，生物”:
- biochemistry
- biosphere
1.6.6 tele- 表示“远距离传递的，电视的”
- telegraph
- telecommunication
- telescreen
1.6.7 therm(o)- 表示“热的”
- thermal
- thermometer
2. 后缀
2.1 抽象名词后缀,表示“性质,状态,行为,过程”等。
-acy
- democracy
- inadequacy
-age
- marriage
- advantage
-al
- denial
- revival
-ance(-ence,-ency,-ancy)
- assistance
- resistance
- confidence
-ation(-ion,-sion,-tion,-ition)
- corporation
- division
-dom
- freedom
- wisdom
-ery(-ry)
- machinery
- slavery
-hood
- likelihood
- neighborhood
- brotherhood
-ism
- criticism
- terrorism
-ity(-ety,-ty)
- credibility
- diversity
-ment(-mony)
- treatment
- testimony
-ness
- illness
- business
-ship
- friendship
- scholarship
- mastership
-ure(-ature,iture,-ture)
- failure
- procedure
-y
- discovery
- agony
2.2 动词后缀
2.2.1 -ate “赋予某物;给予…性质"
- activate
- accelerate
2.2.2 -en “使成为,变得”
- strengthen
- sadden
2.2.3 -fy(- ify,-efy) “使得,变成”
- purify
- identify
2.2.4 -ize(-ise) “成为使,像”
- criticize
- civilize
2.3 形容词后缀
2.3.1 名词→形容词
-al(-ial,-ical,-ual) “有…特性的”
- ornamental
- vital
-ar “(像)…的;有…性质的”
- spectacular
- lunar
-ary “与…有关的”
- budgetary
- elementary
-ate “充满…的;有…性质的”
- passionate
- fortunate
-ed “有…的;有…特征的”
- talented
- diseased
-en “由…制成的;像…一样的”
- wooden
- golden
-ful “充满…的;有…性质(倾向) 的”
- sorrowful
- masterful
-ic “与…有关的; …的”
- scenic
- economic
-ish “有…性的;像…似的”
- childish
- bookish
-less “无…的;缺乏…的”
- meaningless
- selfless
-ly “具有…性质的”
- cowardly
- scholarly
-ous “有…性质的”
- advantageous
- poisonous
- some “引起(易于)…的”
- fearsome
- quarrelsome
-y(ey) “充满…的;有…特性的”
- guilty
- funny
2.3.2 动词→形容词
-able(ible) “ 能被…的;可被…的”
- adjustable
- credible
-ant(ent) “是…的;做…的”
- significant
- indulgent
-ive “有…性质(倾向)的”
- descriptive
- decisive
-y(ey) “有…倾向的”
- sleepy
- choky
专题2：考研词根应用
act
act = to do, to drive 表示“行动，做”
- act
- actor
- actress
- action
- active
- activity
- activate
- actual
- actually
- actualize
- enact
- react
- interact
- transact
- counteract
alter,ali
alter,ali = other, to change表示“转变，改变
- alter
- alterable
- alternate
- alternative
- alien
- alienate
apt,ept
apt,ept = fit, ability, 表示“适应，能力”
- apt
- aptitude
- adapt
- adaptable
- adaptation
- inapt
- adept
band
band=bind,表示“捆绑”
- band
- bandage
- bond
- bondage
- bound
- boundary
cad,cas,cid
cad, cas, cid=fall,表示“落下，降临”
- case
- casual
- casualty
- occasion
- accidental
- coincide
- coincidence
- incident
- decay
card, cord
card, cord = heart,表示“ 心脏， 一致”
- core
- cordial
- cordiality
- record
- concord
- accord
- according
- accordance
- discord
- discordance
poten
poten=powerful,表示“有力的”
- potent
- potential
- impotent
- impotence
- omnipotent
sper
sper = hope, 表示“希望”
- desperate
- desperation
- despair
- prosper
- prosperous
- prosperity
fin
fin=end, boundary,表示“结束，范围”
- finish
- finale
- finalist
- finality
- finance
- finite
- infinite
- confine
- confined
- define
- definition
- definitive
- affinity
fus
fus=pour,表示“流，泻”
- refuse
- confuse
- diffuse
- effuse
- infuse
form
form=shape,表示“形状”
- formal
- formalism
- formality
- formation
- formula
- formulate
- conform
- inform
- multiform
- reform
- transform
- uniform
pend,pens,pond
pend, pens, pond= weight, expend, 表示“称重量，称银子” 引电为“花费”
- expend
- expenditure
- expensive
- pension
- compensate
- recompense
- dispense
- dispensable
- ponder
magni
magni=big,表示“大”
- magnify
- magnificent
- magnitude
mod
mod=manner, pattern,表示“方式，风度，模式”
- modest
- moderate
- modify
- modernize
tract
tract=pull, 表示“拉”
- attract
- distract
- abstract
- subtract
ion - despair
- prosper
- prosperous
- prosperity
fin
fin=end, boundary,表示“结束，范围”
- finish
- finale
- finalist
- finality
- finance
- finite
- infinite
- confine
- confined
- define
- definition
- definitive
- affinity
fus
fus=pour,表示“流，泻”
- refuse
- confuse
- diffuse
- effuse
- infuse
form
form=shape,表示“形状”
- formal
- formalism
- formality
- formation
- formula
- formulate
- conform
- inform
- multiform
- reform
- transform
- uniform
pend,pens,pond
pend, pens, pond= weight, expend, 表示“称重量，称银子” 引电为“花费”
- expend
- expenditure
- expensive
- pension
- compensate
- recompense
- dispense
- dispensable
- ponder
magni
magni=big,表示“大”
- magnify
- magnificent
- magnitude
mod
mod=manner, pattern,表示“方式，风度，模式”
- modest
- moderate
- modify
- modernize
tract
tract=pull, 表示“拉”
- attract
- distract
- abstract
- subtract
- contract
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