【期末复习】 计算机英语

小金计算机英语期末考点笔记整理啦！！敲黑板（虽然是整理给自己看滴，也发出来啦）

Part 1. Vocabulary

20个问题在选框内选择答案

附上mid exam 的part 1:

以及我认为会考的期中题目：

Q6: Google Cloud storage provides free 15GB capacity. If we exceed this capacity limit, the cost _________s and charges us money with the extended capacity we need.

Ans: Z. climb

Q9: Minicomputers were _______d by a short word length of 8 to 32 bits, limited hardware and software facilities, and small physical size.

Ans: W. characterize

Q10: Since the term cloud is used as a metaphor for the Internet, based on the standardized use of a cloud-like shape to denote a computer network diagram, hence cloud means an ___________ or abstract computer network.

Ans: B. intangible

Q13: Today, the old computer in the 1980s is a _______________ computing machine with low capacity of CPU, and RAM, and no its own storage.

Ans: O. worthless

Q14: The old computer in the 1980s was complained that it was a _____________ computing machine. It needed too many steps to turn it on and could not connect to the Internet and install any apps inside it.

Ans: X. tedious

Q15: In Infrastructure as a Service, consumers will _____________ all necessary processing, workspace and storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources, by themselves.

Ans: R. provision

Q17: CPU cores’ key role is to ____________ instructions and carry out processes. There are three key levels to these cycles; fetching, decoding, and executing.

Ans: A. interpret

Q18: A _______________ is a type of computer memory in which data can be stored temporarily and retrieved quickly.

Ans: F. cache

Q19: A metal case that serves as the structural support for electronic components such as the mainboard, HDD, LAN card, graphics card, and wireless card of a PC is called __________, its two designs are called desktop and tower models.

Ans: C. chassis

Q20: In 1960–1980, the ___________ word mini is a word used in speech rather than in writing to call a class of small general-purpose computers, minicomputers, but not small in tangible physical size.

L. colloquial

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下面是各个周ppt内出现的vocabulary和题目

Week8

Computer encoded as a single characters of text as a symbol, we can use to determine word-size.

Characters or symbols of text/word size will be described by a natural unit of data(bit) used by a particular CPU.

CPU has been called “the brain” of PC, that brain is being enhanced by another parts of PC.

The GPU or Graphics Processing Unit is its soul.

Exercise:

1.general 2.quad 3.graphics processing unit 4.chassis tower desktop 5.cache

11.motherboard 12.processor 13.central processing unit 14.graphics processing unit 15.chassis 16.cache

6.processor 7.CPU 8. random access memory 9. CPU 10.core

17.octa 18.RAM 19. CPU 20. GPU core

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Week9

People:

The computers/microcomputers/ ITs … are all about making people and end user more productive.

Procedure:

Procedures are the rules or guidelines for people to follow when using software, hardware and data.

It is used to indicate a sequence of activities, tasks, steps,decisions, calculations and processes, when undertaken in the sequence laid down produces the described result, product or outcome.

Hardware:

Hardware refer to the physical artifacts.

artifact: 人工制品，制造品，手工艺品

Data:

The raw, unprocessed facts,including text,numbers, images and sounds are called data.

Expansion Cards:

Network card :

(NIC)network interface card

Expansion card is fit into slot on the motherboard.

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Week10:

A bus is a collection of wires through which information flows from one component to another.

Data bus : carries the data

Control bus ： says when to do it

Address bus : says where the data is/ should go

The motherboard has two buses: expansion bus and system bus.

Ans:

1.industry standard

2.bus

3.expansion system

4.16-bit carries 32-bit

5.fit into ISA

6.data carries address

7.emptied

Ans:

4.component

3.peripheral

4.industry

5.slot

6.interface

1.industry standard

2.bus

3.system expansion

4.16-bit carries 32-bit

5.carries out

6.data carries address

7.emptied

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Week11:

B. data collection - Gather the raw data which you want to process.

A. data coding - Arrange and systemise the data.

F. data validation - Clean the data and double-check for faults and inconsistencies.

C. data entry - Enter the data into a system.

E. data tabulation - Arrange the data into table format so that it can be analysed.

D. data sorting - Create categories to organise the data into relevant groups.

Primitive data structures are collections or data structures which come with a computer program.

Every variable needs its own space in memory during calling method.

Stack:

ADD to TOP : PUSH

REMOVE to TOP : POP

Last element in is First out. LIFO

Array :

A group of things that has been positioned in a particular way

Entries (in a data structure) are stored in a a _block of data__.

These are adjacent memory cells__.

The entries those are integer.

1D array : stack, list, queue, stack

2D array: pixels(picture), matrix, dictionary

homogeneous : consisting of parts or people that are similar to each other or are of the same type.

heterogeneous : consisting of parts or things that are very different from each other . 各种各样的；混杂的

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Week12:

Queue:

Elements are stored by insertion order

First element in is First out. — FIFO.

Element have no index.

Can only add to …Back……. and remove from .…FRONT…… .

Revise:

1.A kind of data structure that comes with a programming language, is built-in ……primitive data structure…………

2.The smallest element of memory, which stores one byte of data is a a … cell

3.A number which identifies an element in an array …index……

4.A rectangular array, (x, y) is described with two numbers, (plural of ‘index’)

…indices…….

5.A type of array storing data of the same type is called

……homogeneous…………

6.A data structure which stores different types of data in the same array is called

…heterogeneous…………….

7.One entry could have several ……components……………

8.An individual array member, something stored in an array is an …entry….

9.A special kind of list, entries are only removed and added at the top

…stack…

10.A special kind of list, entries are only removed at head and added at the tail

…queue…

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Week14:

Programming Language:

A programming language is a formal language, which comprises as a set of instructions used to produce various kinds of output.

Programming languages are used in computer programming to create programs that implement specific algorithms.

Applications and program development:

Application and program development involve programs you work with on a daily basis, for example, the Internet browser you are using to view this web page is considered a program ~ if you are interested in developing a program, you should consider the following languages.

Artificial intelligence development :

Artificial intelligence or related fields involve creating the character interactions in computer games, portions of programs that make decisions, chatbots, and more ~ if you’re interested in developing an AI, you should consider the following languages.

Database development:

Database developers create and maintain databases ~ if you’re interested in creating or maintaining a database, you should consider any of the following languages.

Game development :

Game development involves the development of computer games or other entertainment software ~ if you’re interested in developing a game, you should consider the following languages.

Computer drivers or other hardware interface development:

Computer drivers and programming hardware interface support are a necessity for hardware functionality ~ if you’re interested in developing drivers or software interfaces for hardware devices, you should consider the following languages.

Internet and web page development:

Internet and web page development is the essence of the Internet – without developers, the Internet would not exist ~ if you’re interested in creating web pages, developing Internet applications, or Internet-related tasks, you should consider the following languages.

Script development:

Although it is not likely to become a career, knowing how to create and develop scripts can increase productivity for you or your company, saving you countless hours ~ if you’re interested in developing scripts, consider the following languages.

Structured Programming

A single module will be split into several smaller modules

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Week15:

Java Programming

Inheritance

The new inherited class (derived class) is called the subclass.

The parent class is called superclass.

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Week16:

Member Variables:

A member variable is a member of a class or an object.

It is declared within a class but outside of any method or constructor.

Reference Types:

A reference is called a pointer, or a memory address in other languages.

Classes, and interfaces are reference types cannot be cast to primitive types.

Array:

An array is a data structure which defines an ordered collection of a fixed number of homogeneous data elements ( static data structure)

all elements in the array must be of the same data type.

the size of an array is fixed and cannot increase to accommodate more elements.

Static:

A non-static (instance) method can access a static data.

But a static method cannot access a non-static (instance) data.

That means the static method will not contain a this reference.

Abstract:

Such methods are called abstract methods and are to be qualified using the keyword abstract.(without any body)

Interface:

Part 2.Structure and Written Expression

10 questions

A – D choices （只能用大写字母）

附上mid exam 的part 2:

Q24: A CPU core is a CPU’s processor. (A) In the old days, every processor had just one core that could focus on one task at a time. Today, (B) there is a number of cores in the CPU. CPUs have been two and 18 cores, each of which can work on a different task. A core can work on one task, while another core (C） works on a different task, so the more cores a CPU has, the more efficient it is. Many processors, especially those in laptops, have two cores called dual-core CPUs, but some laptop CPUs (known as mobile CPUs), such as Intel’s 8th Generation processors, have four cores called (D) quad-core CPUs. You should choose for at least four cores in your machine if you can afford it.

Ans: B

Q25: Is SSD (Solid State Drive) good for long-term storage? SSDs store data on flash memory, which needs to be charged with electricity to keep the data stable. This is the reason that an OS SSD (A) has no problem with the memory charge. It is (B) refreshed each time the computer starts up. Yet, if the power is not stable or there is a sudden outage, the SSD will crash more likely. SSDs are (C）durabler than HDDs. And, SSDs have better performance than HDDs. With the development of SSD technology, SSD for (D) long-term storage in modern days is a good choice.

Ans: C

Q30: The term cloud is used as a metaphor for the Internet, based on the standardized use of a cloud-like shape. A cloud network schematic, _____________________________________________, is an abstraction of the underlying infrastructure it represents.

A. an act of taking resources from a place

B. a type of computer system in cloud

C. a drawing or plan of how the cloud operates

D. a platform of cloud services

Ans: C

week 15的连接词

Government funding expires on December 8, _____________ the government will
shut down unless an agreement is made.
A. then
B. so
C. later
D. next

This is the main profile photo for your Page, and will be shown whenever
______________ as your Page on Facebook.
A. posting
B. post
C. to post
D. you post

____________ were an only advisory body, they had no real power.
A. They
B. Because
C. Inasmuch as they
D. The candidates

Part 3.Multiple Choice and True False

First 5 questions need to choose the anser A – D choices

附上mid exam 的part 3:

Q31: What kind of cloud service is suitable for web hosting? （C）

A. SaaS B. PaaS C. IaaS D. HaaS

Q32: Which computing machine is more costly? (A)

A. mainframe B. PC C. laptop D. mini

Q33: Which computing machine is lighter? （C）

A. mainframe B. desktop C. laptop D. mini

Q34: What piece of equipment was not available in the old computer? （C）

A. mainboard B. processor C. hard drive D. memory

Q35: What is a floppy disk? (A)

A. a storage device B. a game software C. a hard drive D. an OS

Next 5 questions need to answer T or F

根据老师上课讲述的题型进行整理，一个是判断继承是否正确

判断覆盖的方法是否正确

以及ISA和PCI的判断题 （建议在看看前面主机内部各个原件的名称图）

Q1: T Q2：F Q3：T

Part 4.Writing: Essay / Short Answer

3 Questions are from Quiz #2 and Quiz #3, practice how to answer from Quiz #2 and Quiz #3
Quiz#2

1. What are the differences between the ISA slot and PCI slot? Please explain using at least one comparative word in a sentence.
   
   remember: ISA slots are OLDER and LONGER than PCI slots.
2. What are the differences between the stack and queue? Please explain using at least one connector word/phrase in a sentence.
   
3. What are the differences between the 16-bit width bus and 32-bit width bus? Please explain using at least one comparative word in a sentence, and using at least one connector word/phrase in a sentence.
   
4. What are the differences between the static data structure and dynamic data structure? Please explain using at least one connector word/phrase in a sentence.
   
5. What are the differences between the CPU and GPU? Please explain using at least one comparative word in a sentence, and using at least one connector word/phrase in a sentence.
6. What are the differences between the system bus and expansion bus? Please explain using at least one comparative word in a sentence.
   
   
7. What are the differences between the RAM and cache? Please explain using atleast one connector word/phrase in a sentence.
8. What are the differences between the homogeneous array and heterogeneous array? Please explain using at least one comparative word in a sentence, and using at least one connector word/phrase in a sentence.
   
9. What are the differences between the 1-dimensional array and 2-dimensional array? Please explain using at least one comparative word in a sentence.
10. What are the differences between the desktop chassis and tower chassis? Please explain using at least one connector word/phrase in a sentence.
11. What are the differences between the dual-core CPU and GPU? Please explain using at least one comparative word in a sentence, and using at least one connector word/phrase in a sentence.
12. What are the differences between the dual-core CPU and octa-core CPU? Please explain using at least one comparative word in a sentence.
13. What are the differences between the data bus and address bus? Please explain using at least one connector word/phrase in a sentence.
    
14. What are the differences between the optical disk drive (for CD/DVD) and magnetic disk drive (for floppy disk)? Please explain using at least one comparative word in a sentence, and using at least one connector word/phrase in a sentence.
15. What are the differences between the onboard cache and CPU cache? Please explain using at least one connector word/phrase in a sentence.

Quiz#3 熟悉树的结构

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1 Question is from the Videos: Kids’ React (Old Computer), Web Hosting - Cloud Hosting Cloud Computing, Storing Information (Eric), System Unit (inside PC), CPU VS GPU
第一个：Kids’ React (Old Computer)

What did the kids complain about computer in the legend ? (by writing the
sentences using the kid’s names + what did they complain, as many as possible
what you heard？

第二个：Web Hosting -Cloud Hosting and Cloud Computing
视频原句：

A few years ago, you would have put your website on a computer or server somewhere. And when your success kicked in, you had to run
around and buy or rent new servers, set them up or have someone set
them up for you. Hundreds of 1000s of companies do this. Now. It costs
a lot of money. And it takes lots of time. This is called hosting,
it takes time to set them up.

Put your website on a cloud server just like you would put it on a dedicated server. And when people start visiting your site, if you
suddenly need more computing power dedicated to your website, you
can scale up as much as you need almost instantly, you get your
computing power as you need it from the cloud, on demand, and your
customers stay happy without noticing any difference.

With cloud computing, you have access to computing power instantly when you need it. The key with cloud computing is not to
focus on the hardware. You just focus on your website, or your
software or code or whatever it is you’re doing.

After watching the cloud computing video, what are the differences among:
• web hosting,
• cloud hosting, and
• cloud computing ?

Web Hosting: This is a service that allows individuals or organizations to host a website that is accessible via the internet.
Cloud Hosting: A type of hosting that uses multiple interconnected servers to host applications or websites.
Cloud Computing: A broader concept that encompasses the delivery of various services over the internet, including data storage, servers, databases, networking, and software. Cloud computing can include cloud hosting as part of its services.

第三个：Storing Information (Eric)
What’s his name? Eric
What’s he studying? social science
How many ways for storing information,please describe each of them?
USB keys and SD cards
cloud
online portfolio
CDs,DVDs, and Blue-ray
External hard drive
What’re the advantages and disadvantages of each storage platform?
（附上课上拍的另一个小金问的问题哦）

Q3：laptop
Q4: He emails the last version of his documentary himself and then saves it on his own computer.

第四个：System Unit (inside PC)

Every computer has a large circuit board called a motherboard.
This contains some of the most important parts of your computer, such as
the CPU, also called the central processing unit or processor.
The CPU is sometimes called the brain of the computer because it processes information and carries out commands. Since it tends to get hot, it’s covered by a piece of metal called a heatsink, which draws heat away from the processor.
The motherboard also contains your computer’s RAM, or random access memory. This is the short term memory that your computer uses whenever it’s performing calculations. However, you can’t store your files there because the RAM is cleared when you turn off the computer.
For long term storage, your computer uses a hard drive, which keeps all of its data even when the computer is turned off. Most hard drives use a magnetic platter to store data.
But in many newer computers have solid state drives, which are faster and more durable, but also more expensive.
If you want to upgrade your computer, you can add expansion cards to the motherboards expansion slots.
Of course your computer’s components need electricity to run. The Power Supply Unit is designed to take the power from the wall outlet and send it to all the different components that need power.

第五个：CPU VS GPU

central processing units are general purpose integrated circuits that
are designed to perform a variety of operations, like watching
movies,listening music, creating spreadsheets, creating Word
documents, or playing 2d oriented games or low stress 3d games.
On the other hand, GPUs are specific purpose sockets that are designed to perform specific tasks like video rendering, or playing high end 3d
graphics games.

CPUs consists of a few cores optimized for sequential serial
processing. On the other hand, GPUs have 1000s of cores that are
designed for parallel processing.

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1 Question is from Java Programming Characteristics Quiz (Week15):
• Encapsulation
• Polymorphism
• Inheritance

Abstraction
Showing only the essential features and hiding the unnecessary features.
• Encapsulation
The process of bringing together the data and method of an object is
called as encapsulation.
• Inheritance
Feature that enables the characteristics or properties of a parent to reach its child
When a class inherits from only one class, it is called Single Inheritance (Java).


• Polymorphism
Polymorphism is the characteristic that enables an entity to co exist
in more than one form.

Java Programming: coding some classes to demonstrate the knowledges 
	of 
	• Encapsulation
	• Inheritance 
	• Polymorphism
	• Select one in the list below for demonstration:
	• class Geometric
	• class Vehicle
	• class Animal
	• class Fruit
	• class Food 
	• Hungarian identifier naming convention needs to be applied. 
	Which part of your program concern with what part below? Please explain.
	• Encapsulation
	• Inheritance 
	• Polymorphism

class Fruit {
    public String m_strColor; // Hungarian notation for member string

    public String getColor() {
        return m_strColor;
    }

    public void setColor(String color) {
        m_strColor = color;
    }

    public void showInfo() {
        System.out.println("This is a Fruit.");
    }
}

class Apple extends Fruit {
    public String m_strType; // Specific property for Apple

    public String getType() {
        return m_strType;
    }

    public void setType(String type) {
        m_strType = type;
    }

    @Override
    public void showInfo() {
        System.out.println("This is an Apple.");
    }
}

Encapsulation is shown via public fields (m_strColor, m_strType) and public methods (getColor, setColor, getType, setType).
Inheritance is demonstrated by Apple extending Fruit.
Polymorphism is evident in the overridden showInfo method in the Apple class.

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附上一个 TOEFL vocabs （感觉就是一些同义词转化，不知道再哪里考，不是很难滴）