C++简单的文件输入输出

写入到文本文件

1.包含头文件：#include < fstream >
2.头文件中定义了一个用于处理输出的ofstream类，所以要声明一个或多个ofstream变量并命名xxx。
3.指明命名空间std：using std::xxx，或直接std::xxx
4.将该ofstream对象同一个文件关联起来，即：xxx.open(文件名);要检查是否文件open成功

if (!inFile.is_open())  // failed to open file
    {
        cout << "Could not open the file " << filename << endl;
        cout << "Program terminating.\n";
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

5.就像使用cout那样使用xxx
6.使用完后关闭：xxx.close();

• cout.precision(val)其实就是在输出的时候设定输出值以新的浮点数精度值显示，即小数点后保留val位
• cout.setf（ios_base::showpoint）显示浮点数小数点后面的零。
• 输出到屏幕上使用cout。此程序中将内容输出到文件中，如果文件已存在，则清空。

// outfile.cpp -- writing to a file
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>                 // for file I/O

int main()
{
    using namespace std;

    char automobile[50];
    int year;
    double a_price;
    double d_price;

    ofstream outFile;              // create object for output
    outFile.open("carinfo.txt");   // associate with a file

    cout << "Enter the make and model of automobile: ";
    cin.getline(automobile, 50);
    cout << "Enter the model year: ";
    cin >> year;
    cout << "Enter the original asking price: ";
    cin >> a_price;
    d_price = 0.913 * a_price;

// display information on screen with cout

    cout << fixed;
    cout.precision(2);
    cout.setf(ios_base::showpoint);
    cout << "Make and model: " << automobile << endl;
    cout << "Year: " << year << endl;
    cout << "Was asking $" << a_price << endl;
    cout << "Now asking $" << d_price << endl;

// now do exact same things using outFile instead of cout

    outFile << fixed;
    outFile.precision(2);
    outFile.setf(ios_base::showpoint);
    outFile << "Make and model: " << automobile << endl;
    outFile << "Year: " << year << endl;
    outFile << "Was asking $" << a_price << endl;
    outFile << "Now asking $" << d_price << endl;

    outFile.close();            // done with file
    return 0;
}

读取文本文件

1.包含头文件：#include < fstream >
2.头文件中定义了一个用于处理输出的ifstream类，所以要声明一个或多个ifstream变量并命名xxx。
3.指明命名空间std：using std::xxx，或直接std::xxx
4.将该ifstream对象同一个文件关联起来，即：xxx.open(文件名);
5.就像使用cin那样使用xxx，使用xxx.get()读取一个字符，或xxx.getline();读取一行字符。判断：读取时遇到EOF：方法eof()返回true，类型不匹配（或EOF）时：方法failf()返回true，文件受损或硬件故障：方法bad()返回true。以上情况总体用一种方法判断：good()，无任何错误时返回true。
6.使用完后关闭：xxx.close();

• cout.precision(val)其实就是在输出的时候设定输出值以新的浮点数精度值显示，即小数点后保留val位
• cout.setf（ios_base::showpoint）显示浮点数小数点后面的零。
• 输出到屏幕上使用cout。此程序中将内容输出到文件中，如果文件已存在，则清空。

// sumafile.cpp -- functions with an array argument
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>        // file I/O support
#include <cstdlib>        // support for exit()
const int SIZE = 60;
int main()
{
    using namespace std;
    char filename[SIZE];
    ifstream inFile;        // object for handling file input
    cout << "Enter name of data file: ";
    cin.getline(filename, SIZE);
    inFile.open(filename);  // associate inFile with a file
    if (!inFile.is_open())  // failed to open file
    {
        cout << "Could not open the file " << filename << endl;
        cout << "Program terminating.\n";
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    double value;
    double sum = 0.0;
    int count = 0;          // number of items read

    inFile >> value;        // get first value
    while (inFile.good())   // while input good and not at EOF
    {
        ++count;            // one more item read
        sum += value;       // calculate running total
        inFile >> value;    // get next value
    }
    if (inFile.eof())
        cout << "End of file reached.\n";
    else if (inFile.fail())
        cout << "Input terminated by data mismatch.\n";
    else
        cout << "Input terminated for unknown reason.\n";
    if (count == 0)
        cout << "No data processed.\n";
    else
    {
        cout << "Items read: " << count << endl;
        cout << "Sum: " << sum << endl;
        cout << "Average: " << sum / count << endl;
    }
    inFile.close();         // finished with the file
    return 0;
}

• 因为上述代码中infile>>value的结果为：infile = infile.good()，所以可以精简为以下形式：

while (inFile >> value)    // read and test for success
{
    // loop body goes here
    // omit end-of-loop input
}