【自组织网络-组播技术】ODMRP

Overview of ODMRP

Similar to on-demand unicast routing protocols, the ODMRP protocol consists of Query and Reply phases.

Figure 1 shows the on-demand procedure for membership setup and maintenance in ODMRP. When a source has packets to send, it periodically broadcasts a member-soliciting packet, called a Join Query. Upon receiving a nonduplicate Join Query packet, every node in the network stores the upstream node address (i.e., backward learning) in a route table, called Up_NodeID_Table, stores the Join Query in a Message Cache, and rebroadcasts the packet to neighboring nodes. When the Join Query packet arrives at a multicast receiver, the receiver creates a Join Table and broadcasts a Join Table packet to its neighbors. This Join Table packet is relayed back to the source following the learned backward path. The nodes on the reverse path become the forwarding group and set their own forwarding group flag (FG_Flag).

figure 1 On-demand procedure for membership setup and maintenance

Figure 2 shows the forwarding group concept underlying ODMRP. The forwarding group nodes deliver data. They rebroadcast the nonduplicate packets destined for the associated multicast group, hence allowing them to be propagated toward the receivers. The forwarding group is the set of nodes responsible for forwarding multicast data, essentially forming a mesh structure between all senders and receivers. Multicast groups A and B share the forwarding group. In ODMRP, a soft-state approach maintains multicast group members; no explicit management message is required to join or leave the group.

  figure 2 Concept underlying the forwarding group

However, the procedure in ODMRP for membership setup and maintenance has the following problems:

(i) It does not allow a duplicated Join Query in the backward learning procedure. It is thus difficult to find the optimal path.

(ii) It does not have a control mechanism for the physical layer. The nodes hence transmit multicast data at a fixed transmission rate and power level.

(iii) As the number of nodes belonging to the forwarding group increases, there is serious interference between the nodes, wasting valuable resources, such as channel bandwidth.